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1	Advance Materials for Health Applications	ABS-35
Caries Prevention With Hydroxyapatite In Children: A Systematic Review Aninda Kartika Dewi,1* Meirina Gartika2 University of Padjadjaran Abstract Backgrounds: The annual increase of caries dental in children has made remineralizing agents a necessity in dental practice. Fluoride and hydroxyapatite are popular ingredients as remineralizing agent to prevent caries. Whilst fluoride is still more popular in dental practice, hydroxyapatite is known to have excellent remineralizing effect and biocompatibility. Objectives: This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of hydroxyapatite-containing product compared to fluoride, as caries prevention in children. Methods: A systematic search with PICO frameworks and PRISMA guidelines was conducted on article published 10 years prior in PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, using keywords: hydroxyapatite, fluoride, caries, primary teeth. The PICO frameworks were ^P: In children, I: do oral care with hydroxyapatite-containing product, C: compared to fluoride, O: can prevent dental caries effectively?^. The inclusion criteria were clinical trial studies on human, caries prevention, children, and must include both hydroxyapatite and fluoride on all form of preparation. Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess the included studies. Results: 177 studies were retrieved, 171 studies were eliminated, and 6 studies met the inclusion criteria, covering 1751 patients. Using ROB tool, all included studies had low risk of bias. Vote counting direction of effect was used to analyze the data and determine the study outcome. The 5 included studies shown that hydroxyapatite containing product had the same efficacy as fluoride for caries preventing agent with its remineralization and antibacterial properties. Conclusions: There is good evidence that hydroxyapatite-containing product is as effective as fluoride for preventing caries in children. Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, fluoride, pediatric, primary teeth, caries prevention. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aninda Kartika Dewi)

2	Advance Materials for Health Applications	ABS-45
Antibacterial Effects of Glass Ionomer Cements Modified with Chitosan : A Systematic Review 1Florencia Livia Kurniawan**, 2Ferry Sandra, 3Mohammad Ischak, 1Octarina Octarina, 4Komariah, 1Rosalina Tjandrawinata 1Department of Dental Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia 2Department of Oral Biology sub&#8208-division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia 3Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Planning, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia 4Department of Oral Biology sub&#8208-division of Histology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia Abstract Objective: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have long been used in dentistry for their advantageous properties, including adhesion to tooth structure and fluoride release. However, their susceptibility to bacterial colonization poses a challenge in dental restorative materials. Chitosan is a biopolymer known for its antimicrobial properties. The study aims to investigate the potential of GICs modified with chitosan (GIC-CH) as an effective dental material with enhanced antibacterial activity against common oral pathogens. This systematic review explores the antibacterial effects of GIC-CH. By synthesizing and analyzing existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of chitosan-modified GICs against oral pathogens. Various studies investigating the antibacterial activities are critically evaluated. The findings suggest that chitosan incorporation enhances the antibacterial properties of GICs. Method: The method used is to collect literature from search engines such as Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier which discusses the antibacterial effect of chitosan-modified GICs, then reviewed. From the results of the journal search, 7 literatures relevant to the topic were obtained. Result: The results reveal that chitosan-modified GICs exhibit significant antibacterial activity, with effectiveness increasing proportionally by chitosan concentration. Mechanical properties and fluoride release remained satisfactory, indicating potential clinical viability. Conclusion: This study underscores the promise of chitosan-modified GICs in enhancing the antibacterial properties of dental restorative materials. Keywords: glass ionomer cement, chitosan, antibacterial activity, dental restorative material, oral pathogens Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Florencia Livia Kurniawan)

3	Basic Medicine (Anatomy, Physiology, etc.)	ABS-86
Exploring the Potential Occurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Dentists: A Bibliometric Analysis Wita Anggraini, Annisaa Putri Ariyani, Indrani Sulistyowati, Vallerie Trisha, Jane Analdi Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a focal neuropathy due to compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist. Dentists are basically at risk of developing CTS related to ergonomic factors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively explore the CTS publication network in dentists and other dental professions using Bibliometric analysis on the Scopus database. Method: Data mining on May 28, 2024, obtained 186 documents. The Boolean expressions used: ^carpal tunnel syndrome^ OR ^carpal tunnel^ AND dentist* OR dental* OR periodon* OR orthodont* OR prosthodon* OR ^oral surgeon^. Data cleaning and analysis were performed using Open Refine, VOSviewer, Thesaurus, Microsoft Excel, and Tableau Professional. Result: The United States is the largest contributing country and received the highest citations (70 documents, 1925 citations). Journal of Dental Hygiene (15 documents, 274 citations) and Journal of the American Dental Association (8 documents, 129 citations) were the journals with the most documents. However, a conference paper published by the Journal of the American Medical Association/JAMA had the top citation of 752 citations. Discussion: Based on this bibliometric analysis, documents on CTS in dentists are still very few compared to CTS documents from various aspects. Conclusion: HFE (Human Factor and Ergonomics) intervention to prevent the potential for CTS is a research gap that still needs to be elaborated in various research methods and designs. Keywords: carpal tunnel syndrome, dentists, ergonomic, bibliometric analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wita Anggraini)

4	Biology and Microbiology	ABS-17
Effect of Plectrantus amboinicus Leaf Nanoparticle Extract on The Growth Inhibition Zone of Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Enterococcus faecalisPlease Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Jessica Endriyana,1 Rezky Anggraeni,1* Alfred Pakpahan,1 Juniarta Manalu,2 Aura Sabita,2 Adinda Rizkyviara Khalih Putri,2 Universitas Trisakti Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Abstract The problems that quite high in Indonesia is dental and oral health problems. Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Enterococcus faecalis has known as pathological bacteria that caused periodontitis and caries. Plectrantus amboinicus is a plant that has long been used as medicine and food. Nanoparticles are particles with a size of 10 to 1000 nm. The macromolecular material contained has the potential to be used in medicine as a drug carrier, where the active compound has been dissolved, bound, and encapsulated. This study aims to determine the effect of P. amboinicus leaf nanoparticle extract on the growth inhibition zone of T. denticola, F.nucleatum, and E. faecalis. The P. amboinicus leaf extract ethyl acetate fraction of 50%, 75%, and 100% against the bacteria T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and E. faecalis which were incubated for 24 hours using the paper disc diffusion method with NaOCl and Chlorhexidine as positive controls. The phytochemical test P. amboinicus leaf extract ethyl acetate fraction results showed active compound of phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. After 24 hours incubation, the diameter of inhibition zone obtained from P. amboinicus leaf extract ethyl acetate fraction increased with increasing concentration. Compared to positive controls this extract has lower inhibition zone. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. amboinicus leaf extract has inhibitory power in inhibiting the growth of T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and E. faecalis. Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Inhibition zone, Nanoparticle extract, Plectrantus amboinicus, Treponema denticola Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jessica Endriyana)

5	Biology and Microbiology	ABS-30
Effectiveness of Chamomile Extract Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm Formation Ria Aryani Hayuningtyas1**, Bintang Cahya Putra2, Melanie Hendriaty Sadono1, Ricky Anggara Putranto3, Maura Kyla Nisafira2 1Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti 2Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti 3Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Keywords: periodontal diseases, Matricaria chamomilla, antibiofilm Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ria Aryani Hayuningtyas)

6	Biology and Microbiology	ABS-41
The Effects of Torbangun Leaf Extract (Plectranthus amboinicus) on the Inhibition Zone of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola Growth Rezky Anggraeni,1 Jessica Endriyana,1*Alfred Pakpahan,1 Juniarta Manalu,2 Aura Sabita2 Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Natural ingredients are an alternative that can be chosen as antibacterial agents. P. amboinicus leaves are plants used by some Indonesian people as herbal medicine. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in the oral cavity that is widely experienced by the Indonesian population. Bacteria in subgingival plaque that are the main cause of periodontal disease include Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola. In addition to periodontal therapeutic therapy, preventive care is also needed, which involves plaque control by brushing teeth and using mouthwash. A natural ingredient that can be used is the P. amboinicus plant. Objectives: To determine the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola. Methods: The antibacterial activity was carried out using the agar well diffusion method and chlorhexidine as positive control. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Treponema denticola bacteria were treated with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of P. amboinicus leaf extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% for 24 hours. Results: Treatment of ethanol extract of P. amboinicus leaves, Hexane Fraction and 75% ethanol, effectively Inhibits T. denticola and F. nucleatum with inhibition zones of 13.93 mm and 14.68 mm, respectively, which is significantly different from the negative control. Conclusions: Ethanol and hexane fractions of P. amboinicus leaf extract have inhibitory effects on the growth of F. nucleatum and T. denticola bacteria. Keywords: Plectranthus amboinicus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema palidum Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rezky Anggraeni)

7	Biology and Microbiology	ABS-64
Lactobacillus reuteri Attenuates Streptococcus mutans Virulence Gene Expression in Fixed Orthodontic Patients Deandra Carissa Wiriawan 1, Joko Kusnoto 2*, Armelia Sari Widyarman 3 1. Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 2. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 3. Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Background: The expression of Streptococcus mutans gbpB and gtfb virulence genes of Streptococcus mutans in cariogenic biofilm formation associated with early white spot lesios (WSLs) has found to be in increased during orthodontic treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of consuming lozenges containing the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on the expression levels of S.mutans virulence genes (gbpB, gtfB) in dental plaque biofilms of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: Dental plaque samples were obtained from 20 subjects before and after consuming L.reuteri probiotic lozenges (Biogaia, Stockholm, Sweden) dose of 2x108 CFU/ml, once a day for 14 days. Subsequently, RNA was extracted from samples, cDNA was synthesized and subjected to Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers for gbpB and gtfB genes of S.mutans. Housekeeping gene lepA was used as the reference. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test and paired t-test with p<0.05 as level of significance. Results: Expression of gbpB genes were found to be significantly decreased (p<0.05) with fold change before (13,7 +/- 17,00) and after (0,46 +/- 0,34) probiotic consumption, as well as the expression of gtfB genes before (4,66 +/- 5,59) and after (0,62 +/- 0,35) probiotic consumption. Conclusion: Probiotic L. reuteri consumption may help reduce the S.mutans virulence genes in dental plaque biofilm of patients using fixed orthodontic appliances. However, further study is needed to optimize the probiotic intervention protocol to maximum the beneficial effect. Keywords: Biofilm formation, fixed orthodontic appliances, Lactobacillus reuteri, Probiotic, Streptococcus mutans Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Joko Kusnoto)

8	Biology and Microbiology	ABS-73
Effect of red betel leaf extract in inhibiting Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10566 biofilm formation Herryawan Herryawan- Sri Oktawati- Asdar Gani- Euis Reni Yuslianti- Inggi Andika Ardianto Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi - Indonesia Abstract One of the dental and oral diseases whose prevalence is still high in Indonesia is periodontal disease, with a percentage of 74.1%. Periodontal disease is a condition of inflammation and degeneration of the soft tissue and bone-supporting teeth, which can cause tooth loss. This disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque biofilm, where the bacteria that plays a role in its formation is Streptococcus sanguinis. Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) is a potential medicinal plant that is empirically known to have properties for treating various types of diseases, including diseases in the oral cavity. This study aimed to determine the effect of red betel leaf extract (RBLE) in inhibiting Streptococcus sanguinis biofilm formation. This study is laboratory experimental with a quasi-experimental research design in four test and two control groups. The test group consisted of RBLE concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The control group was chlorhexidine 0.2% as a positive control and DMSO 1% as a negative control. RBLE was made using the 96% ethanol maceration method, and the bacteria were obtained from culture collection. Inhibition of biofilm formation was measured using the Microtiter Plate Biofilm Assay method with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results show that the highest biofilm inhibition was found in 50% concentration, with an inhibition percentage of 22%. This result was still lower than the 0.2% chlorhexidine with an inhibition percentage of 31% but no significant differences compared with RBLE 50%. In conclusion, RBLE has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus sanguinis. Keywords: Anti-biofilm, Red betel leaf extract, Streptococcus sanguinis. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Herryawan Herryawan)

9	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-5
EFFECT OF SOAKING IN CITRIC ACID SOLUTION ON RMGIC SURFACE ROUGHNESS Irsan Ibrahim (a*), Tuti Alawiyah (a), Herlin Amelia (a), Juan Arini (2) a) Lecturer, Department of Dental Material, Science, and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prof. Dr. Moestopo University, Indonesia. *irsan_henshin[at]yahoo.com b) Bachelor of Dentistry Students, Faculty of Dentistry, Prof. Dr. Moestopo University, Indonesia. Abstract Background: Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) is a dental restorative material that is often used to prevent and inhibit caries development. The surface roughness of RMGIC is affected by exposure to acidic properties from daily consumption, such as drinks and foods containing citric acid (C6H8O7) as a weak organic acid which is used as a natural preservative and acidity regulator in various processed foods and beverages. Citric acid has the potential to reduce the quality of RMGIC over time. Objective: To analyze the effect of citric acid solution on the surface roughness of RMGIC with immersion time of 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours. Methods: This research is a laboratory experiment with pre-test post-test method. Using RMGIC chip specimen samples soaked in citric acid solution with pH 3 for 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours. Surface roughness is then measured using a profilometer. Result: There was a significant change between the surface roughness of the RMGIC specimen material before and after immersion in citric acid in the three-time groups. Conclusion: This roughness evaluation has clinical implications such as adhesion to food residue, resistance to abrasion, and material interaction with surrounding tissue. In addition, this evaluation can help in identifying risks to the patient^s dental health and dental restoration. Dentists need to advise patients to change their diet by reducing or avoiding drinks that contain citric acid solutions, such as fizzy drinks or sour fruit drinks. Keywords: Citric Acid, RMGIC, Surface Roughness Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irsan Ibrahim)

10	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-11
Compressive Strength and Swelling Ability of Cube Scaffold Hydroxyapatite With Amniotic Membrane (A Pilot Study) Octarina, Abida Zhafira Inayasary, Florencia Livia 1. Department of Dental Material Faculty Of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 2. Laboratory Staff Of DMT Core Faculty Of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Regeneration of large bone defects requires material to stimulate new bone formation. Combining hydroxyapatite cube with amniotic membrane is expected to be a scaffold to replace large bone defects, and accelerate the formation of new bone. This research aims to analyze combined cube scaffold hydroxyapatite with amniotic membrane to compressive strength and swelling ability. Cubes of hydroxyapatite were prepared and immersed in fresh amnion membrane slurry for 5 minutes. After the amnion membrane slurry was fully absorbed by hydroxyapatite, the cubes were frozen for 24 hours at minus 80 degrees Celsius and dried frozen for 24 hours at minus 100 degrees Celsius. After the scaffold cube was fabricated, compressive strength and swelling ability were tested in 10 samples each. The compression strength test was carried out with UTM by applying a force of 50 kgf with a CHS of 0.5 mm per second. Immersed time for the swelling test with NaCl solution was carried out at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The mean value of the compressive strength cube scaffold is 2.72 MPa. Meanwhile, the mean values of the swelling ability percentage on days 1, 7, 21, and 28 in consecutive 78.75, 86.40, 89.99, 94.83, and 100.00 showed increased swelling ability. The statistical analysis of swelling ability with repeated ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni was significantly different. Conclusion of the research, the mean value of compressive strength and swelling ability of cube hydroxyapatite with amnion membrane shows potential as a scaffold for a bone defect. Keywords: Amniotic Membrane, Compressive Strength, Hydroxyapatite, Swelling Ability, Scaffold Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Octarina Willy)

11	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-19
Characterization of Composite Granules from B--Tricalcium Phosphate Derived from Perna viridis Incorporated with Polyacrylic Acid Tansza Setiana Putri (a), Dewi Liliany Margaretta (a*) a) Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia *dewi[at]trisakti.ac.id Abstract Background: Beta-tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP: Ca3(PO4)2) serves as an alternative artificial bone substitute to hydroxyapatite due to its higher resorbability, which can be synthesized from natural sources like animal bones and shell waste, particularly green mussel shells (Perna viridis). The calcium content within the shells could be utilized for B-TCP synthesis. In dentistry, granular bone grafts are commonly used in bone augmentation and socket preservation. Previous studies have successfully fabricated B-TCP granules using methods such as sintering- however, this additional process could lead to higher power consumption. The current study decided to employ a simpler method by reacting B-TCP with polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution. Objective: The aim of this study is to fabricate granules by incorporating B-TCP derived from P. viridis shells with PAA solution. Methods: Initially, the shells were cleaned, crushed, and heated to convert calcium carbonate to calcium oxide powder. The powder was reacted with phosphoric acid to obtain a suspension, which was calcined to produce B-TCP. For granule fabrication, the B-TCP powder was mixed with PAA, placed in molds, and crushed after setting to obtain granular B-TCP. The samples were characterized for XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Results: XRD indicated peaks consistent with B-TCP and FTIR spectra exhibited peaks associated with amide functional groups, confirming the presence of PAA. SEM further validated the granular morphology of B-TCP. Conclusion: Composite granules were successfully fabricated from B-TCP derived from P. viridis shells then mixed with PAA, utilizing a simplified method demonstrating potential for applications in bone tissue engineering. Keywords: B--Tricalcium Phosphate, Polyacrylic Acid, Green Mussel Shells, Bone Tissue Engineering Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Liliany Margaretta)

12	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-20
Effect of Lime Leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) on Color Changes and Hardness of Nanohybrid Composite Resin Dewi Liliany Margaretta (a), Tansza Setiana Putri (a*), Regina Alexandra (b) a) Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia *tansza[at]trisakti.ac.id b) Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, University Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Background: Nanohybrid resin composite is a combination of nanosized and microsized particles, engineered to enhance both strength and aesthetics in dental restorations. However, resin composites can be prone to discoloration and a reduction in surface hardness when exposed to acidic environments. Lime leaves (Citrus aurantifolia), utilized in cooking and known for their health benefits, have a pH range of 4.78 - 5.23. Due to its acidic properties, it can affect the composite resin characteristics. Objective: To analyze the effect of lime leaves (Citrus aurantifolia) on color changes and hardness of nanohybrid composite resin. Method: The research method was laboratory experimental with a post-test control group design with a sample size of 30 nanohybrid composite resin Filtek Z250 XT A3 shade were shaped cylindrical with a 10 mm diameter and a 2 mm height using a stainless steel mold which was divided into 3 groups. The treatment group was immersed for 30 minutes for 12 and 15 days. Samples in control group were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours. The color change was measured using the VITA Easyshade V and hardness using a Vickers Microhardness Tester. Results: The Mann Whitney test results of color changes delta-E and delta-L p= 0.000, delta-H p= 0.003, hardness p=0.004 and control p=0.002. Post Hoc Tukey have significant differences of changes color delta-C p=0.002 compare to control group. Conclusion: The color change and hardness of the nanohybrid resin composite decreases, and overall color change occurs after immersion in lime leaves for 12 and 15 days. Keywords: Lime leaves- Nanohybrid composite resin- Color change- Hardness Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tansza Permata Setiana Putri)

13	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-22
ACUTE TOXICITY AND ALLERGY TEST OF MORINGA LEAVES (Moringa oleifera) EXTRACT ON MICE (Mus musculus) Mochammad Taha Ma^ruf, Putu Sulistiawati Dewi, Kadek Meidy Xanaya Putri Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar Abstract In dentistry, there is growing interest in using moringa extract to accelerate wound healing after tooth extraction. Research on this material has been conducted, so it is necessary to know the safety level of its use, namely the level of toxicity and allergy. This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and allergic reactions of moringa leaf extract in experimental animals. The acute toxicity test involved administering the extract to mice orally and observing the number of deaths over 24 hours to 14 days. Twenty-five mice were divided into 5 groups receiving different doses of moringa leaf extract, along with a control group. The mice^s body weight was measured to assess acute toxicity, and allergy reactions were observed on the skin. The results indicated that moringa leaf extract is potentially toxic at doses above 2400 mg/kg and falls into the moderate toxicity category. However, there were no signs of skin irritation or allergic reactions in any of the test animals. Therefore, caution is advised when determining the dose of moringa leaf extract due to its potential toxicity. Keywords: Acute toxicity test, allergy test, Moringa leaf extract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochammad Taha Maruf)

14	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-23
CHARACTERIZATION OF SETTING TIME COMBINATION BSF (Black Soldier Flies) CHITOSAN AND APATIT SEMEN AS A BONE REPLACEMENT MATERIAL Zwista Yulia Dewi,Ira Artilia, Badi Soerachman,Eneng Faridah Faculty of Dentistry Jenderal Achmad Yani University Abstract Apatite cement is a bone and tooth replacement material that is biocompatible, osteoconductive, and resorbable. This material continues to be developed for a wide range of clinical needs, one of which is the addition of BSF chitosan powder. Chitosan has good biocompatibility, biodegradable, mucoadhesion, chitosan is not toxic, does not cause cancer, immunological reactions so it is often used for biomedical applications in dentistry as an antibacterial agent for wound healing and bone regeneration, and is also used to improve the properties of other dental materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in setting time of a mixture of chitosan powder and apatite cement. This research is a type of pure laboratory research with a total of 27 samples divided into 3 groups, namely with 0% BSF chitosan powder, 5% BSF chitosan powder, and 10% BSF chitosan powder. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-wilk test and post hoc test. The results of this study show that there is a difference in setting time between apatite cement without the addition of chitosan powder and apatite cement with the addition of chitosan, namely the addition of chitosan powder accelerates the setting time. Keywords: Keywords: apatite cement, BSF chitosan powder, setting time Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zwista Yulia Dewi)

15	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-37
Setting Time Evaluation of BTCP Cement Fabricated Using BTCP Powder Derived from Green Mussel Shells and NaHSO4 Solution Eddy, Rafhaela Johanna Halim, Dina Ratnasari, Tansza Putri, Dewi Liliany Margaretta Universtas Trisakti Abstract Background: BTCP is a material that has biocompatible, bioresorbable, osteoconductive and similar structure to bone and tooth tissues. Therefore, BTCP material is commonly used in the medicine and dentistry and usually applied in form of granules, block, or cement. Fabrication of BTCP cement can be done by mixing BTCP powder and sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4) solution. Objective: To analyse the setting time of BTCP cement fabricated using BTCP powder and sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4) solution with 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M and 0.4M concentration. Method: Laboratory experimental research by dissolving BTCP powder made from a mixture of CaO and H3PO4 solution into NaHSO4 solution to produce BTCP cement. The setting time test was carried out on BTCP cement using the Vicat test. The results of the clarification time test are explained using statistical SPSS including the Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, Anova, and LSD. Results: The setting time of BTCP cement (seconds) was found to be 0.1M (390, SD:26.8), 0.2M (534, SD:44.1), 0.3M (690, SD:32.8) and 0.4M (882, SD:44.8). &#946--TCP powder experiences dissolution after being mixed with an acid solution, causing dicalcium phosphate to precipitate and resulting in precipitation. Conclusion: The higher the concentration of the NaHSO4 solution, the slower the hardening time of BTCP cement. Keywords: Beta Tricalcium phosphate, setting time, dissolution precipitation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eddy Eddy)

16	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-39
Evaluating the Impact of Drying Method on the Active Compound Content of Anchovies Anastasia Elsa Prahasti, Tamara Yuanita, Elline Elline, Eko Fibryanto Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Anchovies are a valuable source of calcium and protein, which are known to support tissues healing. Previous experiments have utilized powdered anchovies to explore their potential for vital pulp therapy. Although this study showed more reparative dentin than the control group using calcium hydroxide as the gold standard material, the preparation used sundried anchovies and took two weeks for drying. The method could involve a denaturation process. Objective: This study assesses the effects of oven-dried method on anchovies^ protein and calcium content. Methods: Fresh anchovies were thoroughly washed with running water then oven-dried for six hours at 50 degrees Celcius after being placed on paper towels. The resulting dried anchovies were finely ground into a powder. The protein content was determined using the Kjeldahl method, while the calcium content was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The powdered anchovies obtained from the drying process exhibited a protein content of 64.5 percent and a calcium content of 28,912 mg/kg, surpassing the levels observed in similar experiments using fresh anchovies. Amino acids profile of the dried anchovies showed superior than fresh anchovies on arginine, proline and tyrosine. This suggests that the drying method does not significantly impact the nutritional value of anchovies, which could have important implications for fields such as dentistry and biology. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the oven-drying process does not compromise anchovies^ protein and calcium content. Keywords: natural resource, vital pulp therapy, anchovies, oven-dried method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anastasia Elsa Prahasti)

17	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-51
The Influence of Calcium Carbonate to Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Dental Bioactive Cement Angela Evelyna, Hernindya Dwifulqi, Dicha Yuliadewi Rahmawati, Eklesia Regina Siagian, Indira Pramesti Cahyani, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan Asri, Supriatno, Siti Sunarintyas Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia Student of Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung 40132, Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: angela.evelyna[at]dent.maranatha.edu Abstract Deep dental caries can be treated using restorative materials which can induce the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer, known as bioactive cement. Dental bioactive cement has recently received special attention because of its ability to replace damaged dentin structures. Dental bioactive cements mainly consist of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and calcium carbonate as setting accelerators. Meanwhile, adequate mechanical and antibacterial properties are also important to ensure the success of bioactive cement products. The role of calcium carbonate composition in mechanical and antibacterial properties has not been studied yet. This study aims to evaluate the influence of calcium carbonate on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental bioactive cement by testing three different calcium carbonate compositions. Tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) nanoparticles are combined with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) powder, calcium chloride (CaCl2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to produce dental bioactive cement. The research specimens were divided into three groups of calcium carbonate composition, which are 10%, 12.5%, and 15%. The samples were then tested for diametral tensile strength and the inhibitory ability of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The synthesized bioactive dental cement^s highest compressive strength result is obtained at 15% of specimens with 40.24 MPa values. The best inhibition zone diameter average was produced by 10% calcium carbonate which is 3.40 mm. Calcium carbonate significantly influences the mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental bioactive cement. The bioactive cement group with 15% CaCO3 content had the highest mechanical properties, while the 10% CaCO3 group had the best antibacterial properties Keywords: Dental bioactive materials, Calcium carbonate, Mechanical Properties, Antibacterial Properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Angela Evelyna)

18	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-54
Development of Carbonate Apatite-Bovine Gelatin as a Novel Biomaterial for Dental Applications: Consistency, Potential, and Future Directions Ratih Widyasari,1,* Arief Cahyanto.2 1 Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia 2,Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: ratihwidyasari.drg.spkg[at]gmail.com Abstract Background: As dentistry advances, there is an increasing demand for materials that combine bioactivity, mechanical strength, and handling properties. Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is widely used in dental procedures due to its handling ease, bioactivity in specific applications, and ability to release fluoride. Carbonate Apatite (CA) and Bovine Gelatin (BG) are promising materials for developing novel biomaterials that could mimic GIC^s handling properties while providing additional regenerative benefits. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a CA-BG mixture with handling properties comparable to GIC and to evaluate its potential application in restorative and regenerative dentistry. Methods: Ten CA-BG mixtures were prepared with varying liquid-to-powder (L/P) ratios, starting from 0.5 to 1.5, in order to find the optimal consistency similar to GIC. The CA was blended with bovine gelatin solution and the consistency was evaluated. The L/P ratios closest to GIC were identified by consistency tests.Results: Three mixtures (L/P ratios of 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0) were identified as having the closest consistencies to GIC. The mixture with an L/P ratio of 0.6 provided the most optimal balance between fluidity and structural integrity. Discussion: The CA-BG mixture, especially at an L/P ratio of 0.6, demonstrated promising handling properties, making it a candidate for further research as a dental biomaterial. Conclusion: The CA-BG mixture shows handling properties comparable to GIC, with potential applications in both restorative and regenerative dentistry. Future research should focus on optimizing its biological properties for bone-regenerative procedures. Keywords: L/P ratio, Consistency, Glass Ionomer Cement, Carbonate Apatite, Bovine Gelatin Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ratih Widyasari)

19	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-56
The Effectiveness of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUCMSCs) on the Number of Osteoclasts in the Peri-Implantitis Model Vivin Ariestania, Felix Mulia, Sularsih Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University Abstract Keywords: Human Umbilical Cord, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, peri-implantitis, osteoclasts Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vivin Ariestania)

20	Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry	ABS-96
ENHANCEMENT OF COLLAGEN MEMBRANE HYDROPHOBICITY BY SILK FIBROIN COATING Helmi Fathurrahman1,2- Sri Budi Barunawati3- Nuryono4- Siti Sunarintyas5 1 Doctorate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2 Departement of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung 3 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada 5,* Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Abstract Keywords: collagen membrane, Bombyx mori L. fibroin, Water Contact Angle, Hidrophobicity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Sunarintyas)

21	Biomedical and Health Informatics	ABS-24
Vitamin D Inhibits Periodontitis By Lowering The RANKL/OPG Ratio in Wistar Rats Hervina(a*), I Made Bakta(b), I Nyoman Mantik Astawa(c), Luh Putu Ratna Sundari(d) a) Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Indonesia * hervina.drg[at]unmas.ac.id b) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia c) Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia d) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Indonesia Abstract Background: The modulation of osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis is determined by the relative levels of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa &#946- Ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). An increased RANKL/OPG ratio has been reported in periodontitis. Previous observational studies found that periodontitis sufferers had lower serum vitamin D levels. Objective: To evaluate vitamin D^s effect in inhibiting periodontitis by lowering the RANKL/OPG ratio. Methods: The research is an experimental randomized post-test only control group design using 27 Wistar Rats divided into 3 groups where Group I: healthy rats were given 2000IU vitamin D, group II: rats induced periodontitis with Pg bacteria and not given vitamin D were only given regular food, and Group III: rats induced periodontitis with Pg bacteria and given vitamin D 2000IU and given regular food. Each group was observed on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day. Serum RANKL and OPG levels were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which were analyzed using the One-Way Anova and post hoc tests with LSD. Results: There were differences in the RANKL/OPG ratio that occurred on day 14th (p= 0,011) and 28th (p=0,005). The RANKL/OPG ratio was lower in the Group III (6,70+1,13) than in the Group II (13,95+0,92) on day 14th (p = 0,005) and also lower in the Group III (6,94 + 3,21) compared to the Group II (26,10 + 8,60) at day 28th (p= 0,005). Conclusion: Vitamin D inhibits periodontitis in Wistar rats by lowering the RANKL/OPG ratio starting on day 14th Keywords: Vitamin D, RANKL/OPG ratio, Periodontitis, Wistar Rat Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hervina Hervina)

22	Biomedical and Health Informatics	ABS-43
Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Mauli Banana (Musa Acuminata) Stems Bioactive Compounds: In Silico Study Dewi Puspitasari,1,2 Maharani Laillyza Apriasari,3 Erni Marlina,4 Maria Tanumihardja.5* 1Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 3Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 4Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 5*Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Backgrounds: During initial stages of drug development utilizing natural materials, in silico study can be more efficient to examine the bioactive compounds of specific purpose using specific parameters. Mauli banana (Musa acuminata) is one of the typical plants from South Kalimantan, empirically used as a wound-healing agent therefore is assumed to have the potential of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: to observe the interaction of Mauli banana stem extract (MBSE) with peptidoglycan, TLR-2, TLR-4, NF-kB p50, NF-kB p65 and TNF-a using computational method with the molecular docking approach. Methods: Bioactive compounds of MBSE are characterized by LC-HRMS. Prediction of physicochemical properties of MBSE was computed with Swiss ADME. Docking process was performed using PyRx 0.8 and visualized using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. Results: Bioactive compounds that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties with good binding affinity to peptidoglycan, TLR-2, TLR-4, NF-kB p50, NF-kB p65 and TNF-a receptor obtained three ligands, namely apigenin (ranging from -6.1 to -9.4 Kcal/mol), carboxylic acid (ranging from -5.4 to -6.9 Kcal/mol), and caffeic acid (ranging from -5.8 to -6.2 Kcal/mol), while cinnamic acid (-5.5 Kcal/mol) only showed anti-inflammatory properties. The compound with the best antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties based on the lowest binding affinity value is apigenin (ranging from -6.1 to -9.4 Kcal/mol). Conclusions: MBSE Bioactive compounds have the potential of antibacterial properties namely apigenin, carboxylic acid, and caffeic acid, whereas anti-inflammatory properties namely apigenin, carboxylic acid, caffeic acid and cinnamic acid. Keywords: Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, In silico, Mauli banana (Musa acuminata) stem extract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maria Tanumihardja)

23	Biomedical and Health Informatics	ABS-48
Brown Algae Fucoidan: Impact on Osteoblast Cells During Osteogenesis Processes: A Narrative Review Ardian Jayakusuma Amran1,2, Muhammad Ruslin2, Nurlindah Hamrun3, Muhammad Irfan Rasul2 1Departement of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, 90122, Makassar Indonesia 2Departement of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90122, Makassar Indonesia 3Departement of Oral Biology , Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Introduction: Fucoidan is a brown algae-derived sulfated polysaccharide that has garnered interest due to its possible medicinal properties in a range of biological processes, particularly in the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. On the coast of South Sulawesi, brown algae Sargassum sp. is a nuisance problem for fishermen- yet, the fucoidan it contains can be used as an alternative to speed up the osteogenesis process in the treatment of alveolar bone loss.. These activities include reducing osteoclast activity and improving osteoblast differentiation. This narrative review investigates how osteoblast cells involved in angiogenesis and osteogenesis are affected by fucoidan derived from brown algae. The objective of this study is to provide insight into the possible therapeutic uses of fucoidan in treating alveolar bone resorption by analyzing the current literature. Methode: This paper conducted a literature study using the PubMed database, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and BMC databases to find keywords related to fucoidan, herbal medicine, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Result: This narrative review uses data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Researchgate to examine the possible advantages of fucoidan chemicals from brown algae, which can help with bone regeneration and angiogenesis by blocking the manufacture of osteogenic signals. Conclusion: Osteoblast differentiation, osteoclast activity regulation, and osteogenic marker expression can all be enhanced by Sargassum sp. fucoidan. Fucoidan has the additional ability to hasten the osteogenesis process and encourage the growth of new bone tissue. Keywords: Osteogenesis, Herbal Medicine,Fucoidan, Brown algae Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ardian Jayakusuma amran)

24	Biomedical Engineering	ABS-75
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cymbopogon citratus and Cytotoxicity Evaluation on HDF Cells through CCK-8 Assay Komariah Komariah,1* Andani Aprilliyola Utami,2 Dewi Ranggaini,3 Johni Halim,4 Didi Nugroho,5 Rezky Anggraeni,6 Florencia Livia Kurniawan,7 Sarat Kumar Swain,8 Universitas Trisakti Abstract Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Cymbopogon citratus, Cytotoxicity, Human dermal fibroblasts, WST-8 tetrazolium salt. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (komariah komariah)

25	Biomolecular Chemistry	ABS-29
The Administration of 0.8% Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Gel Enhances The Capability of Bone Regeneration Following an Alveolar Bone Defect in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) I Putu Gede Andyka Yasa1, I Made Jawi2. I Made Muliarta3 1Departemen of Biomedicine/Departement of Dental Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahasaraswati University Denpasar1 2Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University2 3Departement of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University3 Abstract Backgrounds: Alveolar bone damage, often resulting from periodontal diseases, deep tooth decay, or trauma, necessitates tooth extraction and initiates a complex bone healing process, frequently causing vertical and horizontal reduction of the alveolar bone. Objective: Study aims to ascertain the effects of administering 0.8% HA gel on bone regeneration following alveolar bone damage. Methods: Samples were divided into two groups: P1 (control) and P2 (treatment). In P1, only alveolar bone damage was induced, while in P2, HA was applied to the damaged alveolar bone. On the 7th day, the rats were euthanized, and their mandibles were collected for histological preparation and data analysis. Result: The mean value of osteoblasts showed a higher value in P2 than P1 group, that is 23.44-8.61 (P2) and 38.18-9.99 (P1). In contrast, the mean value of osteoclast showed a lower value in P2 than the P1 group, that is 1.27-0.57 (P2) 4.05-1.25 (P1). Conclusion: These results indicate a significant improvement in bone regeneration in the P2 group, demonstrating the positive effect of 0.8% HA gel on alveolar bone healing. Keywords: Trauma, alveolar, HA gel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Putu Gede Andyka Yasa)

26	Biomolecular Chemistry	ABS-36
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Pandanus conoideus Lam. Induces Apoptosis in HSC-3 cell Dicha Yuliadewi Rahmawati1**, Wita Anggraini2, Moehamad Orliando Roeslan2, Hsinwei Yang4, Hernindya Dwifulqi5, Melanie S Djamil2 1 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University - Indonesia 2 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti - Indonesia 3DDS, Chung Shan Medical University-Taiwan 5Department of Advanced Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University - Indonesia Corresponding Author: Dicha Yuliadewi Rahmawati, Email: dicha.yr[at]dent.maranatha.edu Abstract Background: Oral squamous carcinoma is a malignancy of the head and neck region, accounting for 90% of all oral cancers. Ongoing research aims to identify therapies with low cytotoxic concentrations to reduce morbidity in patients with tongue carcinoma. The red fruit plant (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) is believed to possess anticancer properties due to its antiproliferative activity. The high antioxidant content in red fruit can neutralize and disrupt free radicals that contain carcinogenic compounds. Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether red fruit ethyl acetate extract can induce apoptosis in HSC-3 cell lines by activating the intracellular signaling pathway of the caspase-3 target protein. Method: The HSC-3 cell line was treated with red fruit ethyl acetate extract at concentrations of 10 &#956-g/mL, 20 &#956-g/mL, and 40 &#956-g/mL, with an exposure time of 6 hours. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control, &#946--actin as a positive control and internal loading control, and DMSO as a negative control. Apoptosis induction was determined using the western blot technique to observe the expression of the caspase-3 target protein. Results: Target protein activation was observed at a concentration of 10 &#956-g/mL with a total protein band density of 433.891. At a concentration of 40 &#956-g/mL, a significantly dense band was observed, with the amount of cleaved caspase-3 protein at 1238.128, compared to the positive control doxorubicin at 1314.281. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) is capable of inducing apoptosis in a concentration- and exposure time-dependent manner via caspase-3 in the HSC-3 cell line. Keywords: Ethyl acetate extract, Pandanus conoidus Lam., Apoptosis, HSC-3, Caspase-3 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dicha Yuliadewi Rahmawati)

27	Biomolecular Chemistry	ABS-67
DNA Methylation of hTERT (Human Telomerase) in Saliva is Reduced in Ageing Silviatun Nihayah, Wening Sari, Yusnita, Intan Razari, Kinasih Prayuni, Ahmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, INDONESIA Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Promoter methylation of the hTERT gene in blood DNA has been proposed to be an epigenetic molecular clock because it is negatively correlated with ageing. Saliva is an alternative source of DNA because it contains buccal cells. Currently, the correlation of hTERT promoter methylation and ageing using saliva is not known. Objectives: First, we determined the correlation between hTERT promoter methylation and ageing in saliva as a source of non-invasive DNA samplings instead of blood. Second, we evaluated the influence of sex on the methylation of the hTERT promoter in ageing. Method: We used a cross-sectional study design and recruited 119 subjects consisting of 25 children (1-5 y.o), 42 teens (17-19 y.o), 16 adults (20-50 y.o), and 36 elderly (60 to 84 y.o). There were 28 men and 91 women. Promoter methylation of the hTERT of extracted DNA was determined using the MSRE (methyl-specific restriction enzyme) method. The relationship between age and the percentage of hTERT methylation was assessed using the Pearson test. Results: The percentage of hTERT methylation in saliva DNA was negatively correlated with age r= -0.4305 (p-value <0.05). Negative correlation was also found in men (r= -0.376) and women (r=-0.43). Conclusion: Negative correlation between hTERT and ageing has been confirmed in saliva as a non-invasive sampling method, in both men and women. More studies using case-control designs may be required to determine the correlation between hTERT methylation and chronic diseases in the elderly population. Keywords: Ageing, hTERT , Methylation, Saliva. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ahmad Rusdan Handoyo Utomo Utomo)

28	Cancer Medicine	ABS-15
Cytotoxicity of Ethanol Extract of Borassus Flabellifer L. Fruit Seed Skin (Evaluation of Nuclear Fragmentation and Reduction on HSC-3 Cell Line) Raynita Rosalinda Angeline, Janti Sudiono Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Longstanding cancer treatment causes side effects, necessitating alternative herbal treatment development like Borassus flabellifer L., with flavonoid and phenols as phytochemical compounds that can induce cancer cell apoptosis which can be qualitatively observed via cell morphological changes. Objectives: Determine the cytotoxicity of ethanol extract of B.flabellifer L. fruit seed skin on HSC3 cell line in the form of nuclear fragmentation and reduction. Method: Seven groups were used: negative control, positive control (doxorubicin 3micromole), and five B.flabellifer L. seed skin extract groups with different concentrations, applied to HSC3 cells planted in chamber slides, then incubated for 24, 48, and 72hours and microscopically observed after hematoxylin eosin staining. Three of four fields of view taken for each group were analyzed, considering nuclear fragmentation present with at least one fragmented nucleus. For nuclear reduction, surface area of all nucleus in each field of view are measured in ImageJ, calibrated with a scale bar, then recording the mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values. Statistical analysis used Chisquare test for nuclear fragmentation and KruskalWallis test for nuclear reduction. Results: Nuclear fragmentation occurs in all extract groups at 24, 48 and 72hours, showing significant differences with the negative control (p=0.00). Significant differences in nuclear reduction between the negative control and extract groups of 750microgram/mL (p=0.02), 1500microgram/mL (p=0.01) (24hours), 375microgram/mL (p=0.00), 750microgram/mL (p=0.015) (48hours), 375microgram/mL (p=0.01), 750microgram/mL (p=0.013), 1500microgram/mL (p=0.022) (72hours). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of B.flabellifer L. fruit seed skin has cytotoxic effects on HSC-3 cell line in the form of nuclear fragmentation and reduction. Keywords: apoptosis, Borassus flabellifer L., HSC-3 cell line, nuclear fragmentation, nuclear reduction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Prof drg.Janti Sudiono, MDSc., Sp.PMM(K) Sudiono)

29	Cancer Medicine	ABS-16
Inhibition of HSC-3 Cells Migration by Borassus flabellifer L. Seed Coat Ethanol Extract Pretty Trisfilha, Janti Sudiono, Namita Prayorina Nugroho Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract One of Indias summer fruits, Borassus flabellifer L. (B.flabellifer L.) has a good source of bio active compounds that make it a potentially useful medicinal herbal. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the bio active compounds of B.flabellifer L. seed coat ethanol extract and investigate its ability to inhibit migration of human oral squamous carcinoma3 (HSC3) cells. Methods : Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in B.flabellifer. L seed coat ethanolic extract were determined by colorimetric assay. This in-vitro experimental study was conducted with seven study groups. The extract group was divided into five concentration93,75- 187,5- 375- 750- and 1500 microgram/mL, with doxorubicin (DXR) as positive control and 0.1percent DMSO in culture media as negative control. Wound healing assay were carried out to assess the effect of B.flabellifer L. seed coat ethanol extract on HSC3 cells migration, with percent wound closure as indicator of cell migration. Results : The colorimetric analysis revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid, tannin, and alkaloid in B.flabellifer L. seed coat ethanol extract. The extract was able to inhibit migration of HSC3 cells. At 750 microgram/mL, the extract demonstrated the smallest wound closure among other concentrations. Conclusion : This study shows that B.flabellifer L. seed coat ethanol extract exerts anticancer activities in OSCC by inhibiting cell migration. The best results are at a concentration of 750 microgram/mL. Keywords: Borassus flabellifer. L, HSC-3 cell, migration, wound healing assay Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Prof drg.Janti Sudiono, MDSc., Sp.PMM(K) Sudiono)

30	Clinical Medicine	ABS-116
Potential Use of Alpha Klotho in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: A Systematic Review Derallah A Lindra1, Endang Purwaningsih2 1 Biomedical Science Doctoral Program Student at Yarsi University 2 Professors in the Biomedical Science Doctoral Program at Yarsi University Abstract Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with ongoing inflammation, overuse injury, and accelerated aging of the lungs. Alpha Klotho is an anti-aging protein that protects cells from inflammation and damage. Alpha Klotho effectively reduces oxidative stress and maintains mitochondrial function by involving the reduction of ROS (reactive oxygen species) through the expression of antioxidant proteins as well as the suppression of ROS-related oxidative stress signaling pathways. However, there is still limited research on the potential use of alpha klotho in relation to oxidative stress in COPD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the potential use of alpha klotho in relation to oxidative stress in COPD patients. Method: This research method uses the Systematic Review method by collecting secondary data from scientific research articles from 2014 - 2024. Data search used the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Plos Medicine, Taylor and Francis, Nature. Conducted using the terms: alpha klotho, COPD, oxidative stress. Results: 2 studies were selected for Systematic Review. Shows that alpha Klotho inhibits oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory mediators so that it can protect lung cells from inflammation and further damage in COPD. Conclusion: This review suggests that targeting the use of alpha klotho may be useful in suppressing oxidative stress that occurs in disease progression in COPD patients. Keywords: alpha klotho, COPD, oxidative stress Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Derallah Ansusa Lindra)

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