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61	Epidemiology	ABS-59
Mother^s Knowledge of Caries Risk Factors in Children With Stunting and Malnutrition Rr. Asyurati Asia, Tiarma Talenta Theresia, Sri Lestari, Tri Erri Astoeti Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Parents^ knowledge of the health of toddlers, especially mothers^, is essential in sustaining the good growth of toddlers. The mother^s knowledge of toddlers^ nutritional factors and oral health is vital during pregnancy and after birth. Insufficient maternal knowledge can hurt the child^s health, causing disruptive growth such as stunting and malnutrition. Objective: This research aims to determine the mothers^ knowledge of caries risk factors in children with stunting and malnutrition. Method: This observational cross-sectional research was carried out by distributing a questionnaire of 17 questions to 125 mothers at Posyandu Hunduhon, Puskesmas Luwuk Timur. Respondents provided informed consent and filled out the questionnaires on paper. Based on their responses, the respondents^s knowledge was categorized as either good or poor. Results: The results show that 54% of mothers have good knowledge, while 46% have inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: The mother^s knowledge at the Posyandu Hunduhon Puskesmas Luwuk Timur was almost balanced between good and poor knowledge. Keywords: dental caries, knowledge malnutrition, stunting Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tiarma Talenta Theresia)

62	Epidemiology	ABS-97
Knowledge and Attitudes of Dentists in Jakarta Towards Cross-Infection of Infectious Diseases Najla Nadiah1, Firstine Kelsi Hartanto1, Indrayadi Gunardi1, Jacinda Jesslyn2, Elizabeth Fitriana Sari3 1 Oral medicine department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti 2 Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti 3 La Trobe University, Australia Abstract Background: Infectious diseases are one of the major health concerns worldwide. The dental practice environment has a high potential as a source of transmission of infectious diseases among patients and healthcare workers. Dentists and other members of the dental team are at risk of exposure to various infectious microorganisms in their workplace environment. Objective: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding cross-infection of infectious diseases. Methods: This study utilized an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. A questionnaire consisting of 21 knowledge questions and 15 attitude questions regarding cross-infection of tuberculosis, herpes simplex, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19 was distributed to dentists in the Jakarta area. Results: The study involved 97 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The study included 21.6% male subjects and 78.4% female subjects, with 37.1% of them aged <30 years and 62.9% aged &#8805-30 years. Among the subjects, 82.5% were general dentists and 17.5% were specialist dentists. The results showed that 90.7% of the sources of knowledge about infectious diseases were obtained through formal education. The knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding cross-infection of infectious diseases were categorized as good, with dentists demonstrating better knowledge and attitudes compared to specialist dentists. Subjects aged &#8805-30 years tended to have better knowledge and attitudes compared to those aged <30 years. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitudes of dentists regarding cross-infection of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, herpes simplex, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19 indicate a good category. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Cross-infection, Infectious diseases Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Firstine Kelsi Hartanto)

63	Epidemiology	ABS-100
Clinical Dental Students Accuracy in Detecting Oral Lesions Using Photograph Images Najla Nadiah,1*, Dewi Priandini2 Indrayadi Gunardi2, Rahmi Amtha2, Carinna Tirtania3, Hrishikesh Sathyamoorthy4 Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Diagnosing oral lesions is challenging due to their similar clinical appearance. Accurate detection is crucial for dental students as future practitioners. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of clinical dental students (CDS) in detecting oral lesions using photographic images. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 100 CDS evaluating 140 oral lesion images presented in a 4x4 grid format. Image clarity and consistency were ensured by oral medicine specialists. Data analysis used accuracy tests. Results: The study found a mean true positive rate of 1,090, false positive rate of 663.13, true negative rate of 5,108.56, and false negative rate of 138.31. Sensitivity was 0.87, specificity was 0.88, and accuracy ranged from 0.843 to 0.923. CDS showed lower accuracy in detecting lesions, especially those in the image center. Conclusion: This study highlights the variability in CDS accuracy in detecting oral lesions through images. Lower accuracy for centrally located lesions suggests a need for improved detection skills through repeated training and educational interventions. Keywords: Accuracy, Dental students, Oral lesion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Priandini)

64	Epidemiology	ABS-107
Clinicopathological Study of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions (A Study at OPaDCORE Laboratory of Universitas Trisakti)ust Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Firstine Kelsi Hartanto1,*, Rahmi Amtha1, Andrian Nova Fitri1, Dewi Agustini2, Haizal Hussaini3 1 Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand Abstract Background: There has never been an epidemiology study of oral and maxillofacial lesions at OPaDCORE (Oral Pathology for Diagnostic, Collaborative, Research, and Education) of Universitas Trisakti up to this date. Objective: Described the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial lesions observed at OPaDCORE Laboratory by gender, age and anatomical location. Methods: A 4-year (2016-2019) cross-sectional observational study at OPaDCORE Laboratory was conducted. All histopathology examination of biopsy and smear with information regarding clinical diagnosis, histopathological diagnosis, gender, age and anatomical location were retrieved. Result: Among 98 histopathological diagnoses from tissue biopsies, the most common lesions found were radicular cysts (15,31%), epithelial dysplasia (13,26%) and periapical granuloma (12,24%), respectively. Lesions were found more frequently in females (64,29%). The most frequent lesions found in females were periapical granuloma (17,46%) whereas males were radicular cyst (20%). By age group (in years old), the most frequent lesions found in age group 0-17 was dentigerous cyst (40%), 17-64 was periapical granuloma (16,67%) and dentigerous cyst (16,67%) and >65 was epithelial dysplasia (30%). There were 133 specimen of oral mycological smear and 9 specimens of oral cytology smear. Candidiasis was found more frequently in females (52,38%). The most common clinical diagnosis of candidiasis was pseudomembranous type (41,67%). The cytological smear for malignancy screening was encountered more in males (66,67%). Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial lesions were more frequently encountered in adult females. Radicular cyst of maxilla is the most frequent found lesion in this study Keywords: Age, Epidemiology, Gender, Oral and Maxillofacial lesions, Predilection. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Firstine Kelsi Hartanto)

65	Hospital Management and Administration	ABS-109
The Effect of Healthcare Professionals Motivation on Affective Commitment Marta Juslily1,2, Mita Juliawati1, Indrayadi Gunardi1, Dedianto Turnip2, Justine Tanuwijaya2 1 Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti 2 Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Trisakti Abstract A motivated and committed healthcare professionals (HPs) will delivered better healthcare, which results in better outcomes services and higher patient satisfaction. From previous research affective commitment are influence by intrinsic motivation and prosocial motivation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between prosocial motivation and intrinsic motivation on affective commitment among 294 healthcare professionals (HPs) in dental teaching hospital in Java, Indonesia. The sample includes dentist, doctors, nurses, dental asistants, medical officers, pharmacists, medical equipment technicians, and laboratory technicians/assistants. A cross-sectional research were applied with purposive non-probability sampling using a quantitative adapted questionnaires with a total of 44 indicators. Statistical data processing using Partial Least Square) 3.0 program^s statistical computation capabilities were utilized to evaluate the hypothesis. The findings indicated that some of hypothesis, has a significant impact on affective commitment with all result p-value < 0.05. The intrinsic motivation have significant positive impact on affective commitment. The hypothesis of prosocial motivation have positive low impact on affective commitment. Keywords: Prosocial motivation- intrinsic motivation- affective commitment-. Healthcare Profesisonals, Dental hospital Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marta Juslily)

66	Jamu/Herbal Medicine	ABS-8
Citrullus lanatus rinds effect as antibacterial and antibiofilm agent to multispecies periodontopathogens Sheila Soesanto,1 Priska Natassya,1,* Johanna Augusta Wijaya,2 Wilbert Alvin Cokro Genesis 2 1Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia ** priska[at]trisakti.ac.id 2Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Background: The coexistence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis within multispecies biofilms demonstrate greater pathogenicity than infections caused by single-species bacteria. These Gram-negative keystone pathogens contribute to the dysbiotic shift associated with periodontitis progression. Long-term use of chlorhexidine for periodontitis leads to resistance, tooth staining, and altered taste. Therefore, alternative treatments with fewer side effects are needed. Citrullus lanatus rind is often discarded as a major solid waste, but it contains significant phytochemicals which exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities to Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Objective: to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of C. lanatus rind ethanol extract against dual-species A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory in vitro study with a post-test only control group design. Antibacterial test was conducted using microdilution and plate count assay and antibiofilm test using microtiter plate biofilm assay. The sample used were C. lanatus rind ethanol extract at various concentrations (3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%), distilled water, and BHI-B as negative control, and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as positive control. Results: C. lanatus rind ethanol extract demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity starting at consentration of 6.25%. Extract at 50% and 100% consentration were more effective than chlorhexidine in inhibiting the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The highest inhibition of biofilm formation showed on 100% concentration at 3-hour incubation period. Conclusion: C. lanatus rind ethanol extract had the potential as an alternative antibacterial and antibiofilm agent against dual-species A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis Keywords: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, antibiofilm, Citrullus lanatus rinds, dual-species, Porphyromonas gingivalis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Priska Natassya)

67	Jamu/Herbal Medicine	ABS-60
Cytotoxicity Effect of Ethanol Leaves Extracts of Tinospora cordifolia and Clinancanthus nutans on HSC-3 Cells Moehamad Orliando Roeslan, Zahra Alfi Syafila Department Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Undergraduate Student at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Keywords: Tinospora cordifolia, Clinacanthus nutans, HSC-3 cell line Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Moehamad Orliando Roeslan)

68	Jamu/Herbal Medicine	ABS-61
Cytotoxicity activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Clinacanthus nutans Leaves Ethanol Extract on HSC-3 Cell Line Jason Chen, Moehamad Orliando Roeslan Undergraduate Student at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Department Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Abstract Keywords: Syzygium aromaticum, Clinacanthus nutans, leaves, ethanol extract, HSC-3 cell line Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Moehamad Orliando Roeslan)

69	Jamu/Herbal Medicine	ABS-115
Effect of Color Changing Rambutan Honey Toothpaste as Antibacterial Agent for Tooth Brushing Duration and Bacteria Control in Saliva Euis Reni Yuslianti (a*), Titta Hartyana Sutarna (a), Amalia Rizky Ilmiawati (a) a) Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Jalan Terusan Jenderal Sudirman PO BOX 148 Cimahi Indonesia 40531 *ery.unjani[at]yahoo.co.id Abstract Background:Tooth brushing controls dental bacteria accumulation, and rambutan honey toothpaste provides antibacterial benefits. Color-changing rambutan honey toothpaste helps guide brushing duration while significantly reducing saliva bacteria level. Objective:This study aims to evaluate effect of color-changing rambutan honey toothpaste on tooth brushing duration and saliva bacteria number. Method:The research adopts a Quasi-Experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group design. Thirty respondents involve brushing teeth using rambutan honey toothpaste(RHT), color changing rambutan honey toothpaste(CIRHT), color-changing toothpaste(CIT), base toothpaste(BT), and aquadest(AQ). Each respondents brushes teeth using the assigned toothpaste in evening and morning. Saliva is collected before and after brushing, bacterial counts using the TPC(Total Plate Count) method, and brushing time is measured with a stopwatch. Data are analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). Result:The results show a significant difference in brushing time from 2.35 to 2.86 minutes between the color changing toothpaste group and color-changing rambutan honey toothpaste group and the other groups (p=0.01). There is also a significant influence on saliva bacteria count (p=0.000). Conclusion:Color changing rambutan honey toothpaste affects brushing time and saliva bacteria count, indicating its potential as an antibacterial agent in controlling saliva bacteria. Further research is needed to ensure its effectiveness. Keywords: Color changing- Honey toothpaste- Salivary bacterial-Brushing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Euis Reni Yuslianti)

70	Occupational Health and Safety	ABS-108
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME QUESTIONNAIRE IN INDONESIAN VERSION TO OBSERVE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME INCIDENCE IN DENTIST Indrani Sulistyowati1- Annisaa Putri Ariyani2,*- Wita Anggraini3- Boedi Oetomo Roeslan4 1,2,3 Anatomy Subdivision, Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, West Jakarta, Indonesia 11410 4 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Subdivision, Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, West Jakarta, Indonesia 11410 *Corresponding author Abstract Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been identified as a work-related condition and has been found to be significantly more prevalent in individuals who use hand instruments that produce vibrating impacts and require repetitive motion and heavy force, such as dentists. CTS might be assessed subjectively and objectively using the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Questionnaire and the Phalen test, respectively. Since the present study was conducted in Indonesia, we intended to construct an Indonesian version of the CTS questionnaire and then analyze whether this questionnaire could be used as a subjective measurement tool. The CTS questionnaire was obtained from sixty-five respondents working as dentist. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were further analyzed using Corrected Item-Total Correlation and Cronbach^s alpha tests, respectively, using IBM SPSS. The validity of each item was in the range of 0.321 (min) to 0.895 (max), while the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.901. The present study found that the CTS questionnaire has satisfactory psychometric properties, including adequate validity and reliability. Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome, questionnaire, validity, reliability, dentist Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Annisaa Putri Ariyani)

71	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-27
The Effectiveness Of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract Gel On Guinea Pig Gingival Incised Wounds Putu Sulistiawati Dewi,Mochammad Taha Ma^ruf,AA Istri Tamara C Wiradana Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Abstract Abstract Background: the wound healing process is a multifaceted sequence of phases that are intricately interconnected. Utilizing natural remedies derived from local flora is a common approach for wound healing, with green grass jelly leaves being one such traditional resource. Objectives: to determine the impact of green grass jelly leaf extract gel on collagen density during wound healing across varying concentrations. Methods: the green grass jelly leaves were subjected to maceration using 96% ethanol to obtain the extract. 24 male guinea pigs weighing between 200-300 grams and aged 2-3 months were utilized, divided into 4 groups. Group 1 received 60% green grass jelly leaf extract gel, group 2 received 70% gel, group 3 received 80% gel, and a negative control group received 2% Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (CMC Na) gel. On day 7, the guinea pigs were euthanized, and histopathological preparations of gingival tissue were conducted for collagen density analysis. The research data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and continued with LSD. Results: the average collagen density was significantly higher in the 80% green grass jelly leaf extract gel group (401.67 collagen cells) with p<0.05, compared to both the 60% (362.50 collagen cells) and 70% (391.67 collagen cells) groups with p>0.05. However, there was no significant difference observed between the 60% and 70% concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusion: the 80% concentration of green grass jelly leaf extract gel exhibits greater efficacy in enhancing collagen density during wound healing compared to lower concentrations of 60% and 70%. Keywords: Gel, Green grass jelly leaf exctract, Collagen density, Gingival incision wound, Guinea pig. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Putu Sulistiawati Dewi)

72	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-34
Proximity of Maxillary Posterior Teeth Roots to the Floor of the Maxillary Sinus Based on Age Group and Gender Cecilia Marliani, Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti, Anggraeny Putri Sekar Palupi, Yessy Ariesanti, Jackson Dipankara, Muhammad Novo Perwira Lubis Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: A panoramic radiography examination is conducted prior to tooth extraction. The proximity of the maxillary posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus floor may lead to oroantral communication. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in distance between the apex of the maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus floor in relation to age and gender. Method: Our design study was observational analytics, which entailed an analysis of the panoramic radiographs using inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, 70 samples were collected, with 30 samples being allocated to the 17-25 age group, 20 samples to the 26-35 age group, and 20 samples to the 36-45 age group. The distribution was as follows: A total of 34 female samples and 36 male samples were collected. Result: The left first premolar and right second premolar are statistically significant only in the three age groups. Additionally, the gender group only exhibited statistical significance for the right-side upper premolar. We found that the upper first molar male from the 17-25 age group was the closest distance from the apex to the maxillary sinus floor, while the upper first premolar female from the 36-45 age group was the furthest distance from the apex to the maxillary sinus floor. Conclusion: The only difference in distance was observed in the upper first premolar for both genders and between the age groups of 17-25, 26-35, and 36-45 Keywords: Tooth Extraction, Oroantral Communication, Panoramic Radiograph Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti)

73	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-53
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POSITION OF THE IMPACTED THIRD MOLAR TOOTH ON OROFACIAL REFERRED PAIN PATTERNS Tichvy Tammama (a*), Muhamad Rafi Naufal (a), Rasmi Rikmasari (b), Endang Sjamsudin (b) a) Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Jl. Terusan Jend. Sudirman, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, 40525, Indonesia *tichvy[at]yahoo.com b) Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia Abstract Third molars are the most common teeth to be impacted because they are the last in the eruption sequence. Teeth can be impacted in various positions, and can cause various clinical consequences, one of which is pain in the orofacial area, however the mechanism and pattern of referred pain are not clearly known. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the position of impacted third molars and the pattern of orofacial referred pain. This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach on 38 respondents at RSD Gunung Jati, with complaint of third molar impaction accompanied by orofacial pain. The position of impaction is determined based on the panoramic image- and the pattern of orofacial pain divided into several areas on the face and head. The results showed that the pattern of referred pain from upper and lower impacted third molars, occurred most frequently in the ear, at 81%. The tooth that causes the most pain is the upper third molar at 83.3%, mainly in position B at 86.7%. The current general guideline about the mechanism of referred pain used is to follow the dermatome. The upper and lower third molars are innervated by cranial nerves V, however in this study the referred pain produced mainly occurred in the ear region. This is thought to be caused by a branch of the auriculotemporal nerve that causes secondary ear pain. Keywords: Impacted- Third Molar- Position- Orofacial- Referred Pain Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tichvy Tammama)

74	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-80
Analysis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders based on Fonseca Anamnestic Index in Multi-Ethnic South Sulawesi, Indonesia - Preliminary Study Mohammad Gazali, Muhammad Ruslin, Acing Habibi Mude, Fuad Akbar A 1 Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University 3 Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University 4 Dental Hospital, Hasanuddin University Abstract Background: Joint disorders are medical conditions that can create discomfort in a person^s life. Several reasons contribute to this disease, including chewing habits and jaw joint movement, as well as trauma and psychological variables that affect masticatory muscle function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the prevalence of joint problems in a sample of dentistry students from various ethnic backgrounds in South Sulawesi. Material and Methods: Joint disorders are assessed using the Fonseca Amnestic Index (FAI) in the form of a questionnaire, which is one approach to measuring joint disorders utilizing a total sampling method. Result: This study^s subjects were 436 dental students from various ethnic origins, including 67 men and 369 women. In this study, there are 56.65% subject with joint disorder, with women have more experiencing disorder than men. Bugis ethnic have 29.13% subject with joint disorder than others ethnicity. Chi-Square analysis revealed that the gender variable had a p value of 0.016, which was less than 0.05. The ethnic variable retrieved has a p value of 0.107, which is more than 0.05. Conclusion: This study found that women and Bugis ethnic have experiencing joint disorder than other subjects. There were significant connection between gender and temporomandibular joint disorder, but there was no significant connection with ethnicity. Keywords: Temporomandibular disorder, Fonseca Amnestic Index, Ethnic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohammad Gazali)

75	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-93
BLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BEFORE AND AFTER LOCAL ANAESTHESIA USING LIDOCAINE AND ADRENALINE 1:200.000 IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS Eddy Hermanto*, Amelia Elizabeth Pranoto** (*) Oral Surgery Lecturer of Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at RSAL Dr. Ramelan (**) Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at RSUD Wates Corresponding email: aepranoto[at]gmail.com Abstract Background: Adrenaline functions as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthesia, prolonging the working duration of the anesthetic solution and reducing the risk of lidocaine toxicity. The most common ratio is 1:80,000, but this ratio is not safe for hypertensive patients because it can increase blood pressure. Objective: This study compares blood pressure before and after using local anesthesia (lidocaine 2% and adrenaline 1:200,000) in hypertensive patients. Methods: The study employed analytical research involving consecutive sampling and randomized clinical trials after ethical approval. The population of the study consisted of patients who met the inclusion criteria, such as systolic blood pressure between 131 - 161 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 81 - 99 mmHg, who underwent closed method extraction with local anesthesia containing lidocaine 2% and adrenaline 1:200.000. Blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer before and after anesthesia injection. The measurement results were recorded and analyzed statistically with a paired T-test. Results: There was no difference between before and after injection of local anesthesia using lidocaine and adrenaline (1:200,000) in hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Local anesthesia containing lidocaine and adrenaline 1:200,000 does not change blood pressure, so it is safe for hypertensive patients. Keywords: blood pressure- local anesthesia- lidocaine- adrenaline- hypertensive patients Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Amelia Elizabeth Pranoto)

76	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-94
PleaseBLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BEFORE AND AFTER LOCAL ANAESTHESIA USING LIDOCAINE AND ADRENALINE 1:200.000 IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Eddy Hermanto*, Amelia Elizabeth Pranoto** (*) Oral Surgery Lecturer of Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at RSAL Dr. Ramelan (**) Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at RSUD Wates Corresponding email: aepranoto[at]gmail.com Abstract Background: Adrenaline functions as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthesia, prolonging the working duration of the anesthetic solution and reducing the risk of lidocaine toxicity. The most common ratio is 1:80,000, but this ratio is not safe for hypertensive patients because it can increase blood pressure. Objective: This study compares blood pressure before and after using local anesthesia (lidocaine 2% and adrenaline 1:200,000) in hypertensive patients. Methods: The study employed analytical research involving consecutive sampling and randomized clinical trials after ethical approval. The population of the study consisted of patients who met the inclusion criteria, such as systolic blood pressure between 131 - 161 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 81 - 99 mmHg, who underwent closed method extraction with local anesthesia containing lidocaine 2% and adrenaline 1:200.000. Blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer before and after anesthesia injection. The measurement results were recorded and analyzed statistically with a paired T-test. Results: There was no difference between before and after injection of local anesthesia using lidocaine and adrenaline (1:200,000) in hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Local anesthesia containing lidocaine and adrenaline 1:200,000 does not change blood pressure, so it is safe for hypertensive patients. Keywords: blood pressure- local anesthesia- lidocaine- adrenaline- hypertensive patients Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eddy Hermanto)

77	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-101
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Combined Extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus and Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. Devina Alifia Andrini(1), Yessy Ariesanti(2*), Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti(2), Anggraeny Putri Sekar Palupi(2), Muhammad Ihsan Rizal(3) 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia. 3 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia. Abstract Background: Tooth extraction, a common dental procedure, can lead to complications including bacterial infection. Previous researches have proved that separate extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus peel and Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. stem have antibacterial properties. Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential antibacterial activity of combining Hylocereus polyrhizus peel and Spatholobus littoralis stem against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Method: The study used the well diffusion and plate count methods to test the combined extracts (1:1) antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The following concentrations of the extract were prepared: 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. In this study, aquadest served as the negative control and ciprofloxacin 50 microgram/mL as the positive control. Result: The results demonstrated that extract formed inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus with diameters of 13.68 mm (100%), 13.1 mm (75%), 12.18 mm (50%), and 10.52 mm (25%), while for Escherichia coli it was 11.19 mm (100%), 10.34 mm (75%), 8.57 mm (50%), and 7.84 mm (25%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against both bacteria was determined to be 6.25%, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 100%, indicating a bacteriostatic effect at 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, and a bactericidal effect at 100%. Overall, the extract showed a stronger antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus compared to Escherichia coli. Conclusion: A combined extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel and Spatholobus littoralis stem has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keywords: Antibacterial, Escherichia coli, Hylocereus polyrhizus, Spatholobus littoralis Hassk., Staphylococcus aureus. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yessy Ariesanti)

78	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	ABS-102
The potential of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. Stem Extract as a Local Hemostatic Agent on Sprague Dawley Rats Juan Arthur Gilberto Silimalar(1) Yessy Ariesanti(2*), Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti(2), Anggraeny Putri Sekar Palupi(2), Irvan Septrian Syah Putra Rasad(2), Komariah Komariah(3) 1Bachelor Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 3Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Background: Tooth extraction can cause bleeding complications. The body^s response to stop bleeding is known as hemostasis, which can be accelerated using external material. S. littoralis contains active compounds that in other plants can accelerate hemostasis activity. Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the potential of S. littoralis stem extract as a local hemostatic agent. Method: In vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments were conducted on 18 Sprague Dawley rats divided into six treatment groups: negative control (no treatment), positive control (tranexamic acid), S. littoralis stem extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Result: The results of this study showed that S. littoralis stem extract with concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% was proven to have the ability to accelerate bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The highest concentration, 100%, had the fastest local hemostatic activity, with an average of 25 seconds in the BT test, 20 seconds in the PT test, and 17 seconds in the aPTT test. The study data was found to be normally distributed and homogeneous (p>0.05) through normality and homogeneity testing. ANOVA One Way test revealed significant differences between the treatment groups in the BT, PT, and aPTT tests (p<0.05). The post hoc test confirmed that the 100% extract was as effective as the positive control, 500mg/mL tranexamic acid. Conclusion: S. littoralis stem extract has the potential to be a local hemostatic agent and 100% concentration was found to be as effective as 500mg/5mL tranexamic acid. Keywords: activated partial thromboplastin time- bleeding time- hemostasis- prothrombin time- Spatholobus littoralis Hassk Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yessy Ariesanti)

79	Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine	ABS-28
Dry Mouth: Can Antihypertensive Drugs be the Cause? Shelly Lelyana,1, * Dewi Agustina,2 Julita Hendrartini,3 Dibyo Pramono 4 1 Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University 2 Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University 3,4 Preventive Dentistry and Public Dental Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University * Corresponding author. Email: shelly.lelyana[at]dent.maranatha.edu Abstract Backgrounds: Many patients arriving at the dentist^s practice are being treated with ongoing treatment for various systemic chronic diseases. As a result, dentists should be familiar with the potential adverse effects that these therapeutic agents may have on the tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region, in particular, the salivary glands. Hypertension is a non-communicable chronic disease with an increasingly high prevalence, therefore a person with hypertension needs to consume antihypertensive medication. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the prevalence of dry mouth in patients taking different antihypertensive drugs and to identify which antihypertensive drugs cause the highest rate of xerostomia. Methods: The research was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. The data collection of the articles used was generated from Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic, and CrossRef from 2019-2024 on topics related to xerostomia and antihypertensive drugs in the elderly. Reviewed articles were performed to find potential eligible studies. Results: The frequency of xerostomia significantly differed among the antihypertensive medication groups (p = 0.008). Calcium channel blockers exhibited the highest rate of xerostomia (31.1%), followed by diuretics (26.8%). Interestingly, xerostomia prevalence was higher in males (34.7%) than females (26.4%) taking amlodipine (p= 0,003). Conclusion: This study found a statistically significant association between amlodipine use and xerostomia. This association was stronger in males compared to females. Additionally, among antihypertensive medications, calcium channel blockers, which include amlodipine, and diuretics were associated with the highest rates of xerostomia. Keywords: Pxerostomia, dry mouth, hyposalivation, antihypertensive druglease Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shelly Lelyana)

80	Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine	ABS-42
In-vitro Assay of Antifungal Activity of Milk Kefir on Candida albicans Rahmi Amtha1*, Rasyena Hikmayudi2, Armelia Sari Widyarman3 1Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti 2Dental Practioner 3Microbiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. Many natural products have anti-microbial effects, such as probiotic drinks and milk kefir. Milk kefir is a complex symbiosis of more than 30 microflora, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus thermophiles, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Not many studies were found that are focused on the laboratory test of the effect of milk kefir on the growth of C. albicans. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of milk kefir against C. albicans. Methods: An experimental laboratory with a tube dilution method filled with Sabouraud Dextrose Broth was done using various concentrations: 1.5%, 2.5%, 4%, 6%, and 9% of kefir. Positive and negative controls using nystatin and distilled water. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference in each group with p < 0.05. The optimum volume was reached at 3 ml of kefir milk, equivalent to a concentration of 9%. Discussion: Lactobacillus sp. contained in milk kefir is responsible for inhibiting C. albicans because it reduces the adhesion of C. albicans in epithelial cells by dominating the adhesion sites or by secreting biosurfactants such as surlactin or releasing hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocin. Conclusion: Milk kefir has an effect in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Keywords: C. albicans, kefir milk Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahmi Amtha)

81	Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine	ABS-79
Reduced Salivary Flow Rate in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis among Dental Students Maria Leny Raiyon, Rahmi Amtha*, Jonathan Rahardja, Indrayadi Gunardi, Dewi Priandini Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral condition influenced by various factors, including stress and salivary flow rate. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in salivary flow rates among dental students during module exams, comparing those with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) to those without. Method: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 60 subjects, selected through simple random sampling during their module exam period. The subjects were divided into two groups: those with RAS and those without. Unstimulated saliva flow rates (SFR) and the presence of RAS were documented. Data analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney. Result: The total sample consisted of 65% females and 35% males, with 56.67% experiencing RAS, predominantly in females (79.41%). The most common sites for RAS were the labial mucosa (58.9%), the floor of the mouth (17.7%), and the buccal mucosa (14.7%). The mean SFR in the RAS group was 3.72(0.82) mL/10 min, while in the non-RAS group it was 6.25(1.80) mL/10 min. A significant difference in SFR was observed between the groups (p<0.001). RAS was more prevalent in female subjects and was associated with a reduced salivary flow rate. Conclusion: Dental students with recurrent aphthous stomatitis exhibited significantly lower salivary flow rates compared to those without RAS, with a higher prevalence observed among females. This suggests that reduced salivary flow may contribute to the development of RAS, particularly under the stress of exams. Keywords: Dental student, RAS, Stress Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahmi Amtha)

82	Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine	ABS-85
Increasing the Number of Fibroblasts administering Betel Leaf Extract Gel (Piper Betle L.) to Traumatic Ulcers in Wistar Ratsy to Submit This Sample Abstract Raziv Ganesha, I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dermawan, Intan Kemala Dewi Faculty of Dentistry University of Mahasaraswati Denpasar Abstract Backgrounds: The oral cavity is a place that is very susceptible to irritation or trauma. Trauma is one of the causes of ulceration in the oral cavity and these are known as Ulcer Traumatic. Treatment ulcer traumatic with eliminating the causative factors and anti-inflammatory drugs. The anti-inflammatory drugs that are often given are usually corticosteroids, corticosteroids have the many side effect that^s why we^re doing a lot of research using herbal ingredients. One of the herbal ingredients that is easy to obtain is betel leaf. Fibroblasts have an important role in tissue repair process and role in producing large of collagen. Objectives: the purpose the research is to see an increase the number of fibroblasts in the healing process of traumatic ulcers with the administration of gel leaf extract. Methods: The research used true experiments in vivo where data was taken by observing the number of fibroblasts in tissue excision biopsy preparations on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days after ulcer creation with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The samples used were divided into treatment groups by 45% betel leaf extract gel and control groups by CMC. Results: Results of showed results in P3=34,8 P5= 35,6 dan P7=44 and K3=12,4 K5=21 K7=26,4. Data obtained was then analyzed using Tukey^s Post Hoc test which showed significant differences between groups. Conclusions: The research showed the administration of gel leaf extract 45% can increase the number of fibroblasts compared to CMC to traumatic ulcer in wistar rats Keywords: Traumatic Ulcer, Fibroblast, Betle leaf, CMC, wistar rats Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raziv Ganesha)

83	Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine	ABS-111
The Potency of Kuldon solution in the healing process of aphthous stomatitis Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Dewi Priandini,1,* Rahmi Amtha,1 , Aprilia Puspita Sulistia,2 Abrijanto, 3 Abstract Background: Aphthous stomatitis is one of the most prevalent oral mucosal diseases. The Kuldon solution, currently available on the market, is presumed to alleviate aphthous ulcers. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Kuldon solution in the healing process of aphthous stomatitis. Methods: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 60 subjects (27 males and 33 females), who were randomly assigned to receive either Drug A (Kuldon solution) or Drug B (HA rinse) under consent. Pain levels were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the diameter of the lesions was measured on days 2, 5, and 7. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level p < 0.05. Results: On the second day, 73.3% of the subjects using Drug A reported no pain, compared to 60% of those using Drug B. By the fifth day, all subjects (100%) using Drug A experienced no pain, while 90% of those using Drug B reported the same. Lesion diameter reduction was 40% for both treatments by day 2. By day 5, 90% of subjects using Drug A showed a reduction in lesion diameter, compared to 16.6% of those using Drug B. The statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the groups, with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusions: Kuldon solution demonstrates significant potency in the healing of aphthous stomatitis lesions Keywords: aphthous stomatitis, Kuldon solution, healing potency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Priandini)

84	Oral Radiology	ABS-7
Measuring Defect Volume in Alveolar Clefts: Systematic Review and Four Workflows Using Slicer Software Inka Saraswati(a*), Menik Priaminiarti(a), Bramma Kiswanjaya(a) (a) Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia *inkasaraswati[at]office.ui.ac.id Abstract Background: Alveolar clefts, occurring in cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), need to be closed by bone grafts to facilitate canine eruption, close oronasal fistulas, improve nasal symmetry, and promote dental health. Volumetric information about the size of alveolar clefts can be extracted from 3D X-ray images, adding value to patient treatment without additional risks. Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the variety of workflows available to measure alveolar defect volume and apply these workflows in Slicer, a free and open-source software. Method: This review was developed based on PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted on Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and additional sources without time restrictions. Methodological quality was assessed, and a qualitative synthesis of the workflows was obtained. Based on previously described workflows, we explored their applications in Slicer software. Result: Seventeen articles met the predefined criteria. Identified workflows included tracing each slice, tracing multiple slices, orthogonal tracing, mirrored templates, cuboid formulas, region growing, and AI. We also propose four specific workflows for alveolar cleft measurement using Slicer software: tracing manually, tracing each slice with interpolation, voxel-based registration, and landmark-based registration. Conclusion: The most commonly investigated workflow was tracing each slice, but there is a lack of quality studies on measuring alveolar defects. Slicer was able to recreate several workflows, allowing for application with little to no cost. Keywords: 3D imaging, cleft lip, cleft palate, volume Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Inka Saraswati)

85	Oral Radiology	ABS-83
Does Tooth Loss Have Possibility to Affect Panoramic Mandibular Index in Females? Intan Farizka, Rizki Tanjung, Therine Arnecia Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Bone metabolism, the loss of teeth, are factors reported to affect bone mineral density. The density of bone decreases due to an imbalance during the process of resorption and remodeling. Females are known to be at greater risk of low bone density than males. Panoramic radiographs have the ability to predict bone quality by radiomorphometric indices of the mandible such as the panoramic mandibular index (PMI). It could be as a screening tool to assess mandibular cortical bone changes. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of mandibular teeth loss to Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) value in females. Results: There was a significant difference between edentulous and dentate female patients regarding PMI (p: 0.000). The mean of edentulous PMI value (right side 0.22, SD 0.05 mm and left side 0.22, SD 0.048 mm) was smaller than dentate PMI value (right side 0.36, SD 0.05 mm and left side 0.37, SD 0.04 mm). Conclusion: The loss of teeth in females may lead to any change in the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI). Keywords: Bone Density, Females, Panoramic Mandibular Index, Tooth Loss Keywords: Keywords: Bone Density, Females, Panoramic Mandibular Index, Tooth Loss Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Intan Farizka)

86	Oral Radiology	ABS-84
SEX IDENTIFICATION ACCORDING TO CHEILOSCOPY ANALYSIS: SCOPING REVIEW Rizki Tanjung, Intan Farizka, Nurza Maulida Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Cheiloscopy is a forensic identification technique by examining the grooves or wrinkle patterns on the surface of the oral mucosa called a lip print. In criminal cases, lip prints are usually found on the surface of an object at the scene. The characteristics of lip prints are typical, unique and different in each individual and can be used in the identification of individuals and their gender. Objective: To find out whether there are differences in lip prints based on gender. Method: This study analyzed data in form of journals or original articles about Cheiloscopy/ Lip Prints containing differences in lip-print patterns or grooves based on gender with the study population, namely men and women. From the data grouping, there were 43 articles or journals obtained from several keywords or boolean searching in search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar, namely Cheiloscopy, Lip Prints and Identification, Forensic Identification, Cheiloscopy and Sex Determination, Lip Print and Gender Identification. Result: From the eight journals, the final synthesis results from the data grouping showed that there were differences in lip prints between men and women, with the data results from the study using the lipstick method analyzed by the Suzuki-Tsuchihashi classification. Conclusion: It was proven from the eight journals that there were differences in the lip-print pattern of men and wome Keywords: identification, cheiloscopy, sex Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Intan Farizka)

87	Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics	ABS-47
Factors Influencing Therapeutic Communication Between Dentists and Patients in Surabaya When Choosing Braces and Dental Aligners Arya Brahmanta, Bambang Sucahyo, Budi Handayani, Meralda Rossy, Dimas Iman, Putri Paramita, Kayla Sekarning Departement Orthodontic, Dentistry of Hang Tuah University Abstract Background: Orthodontic treatment options include fixed appliances like braces and removable devices such as dental aligners. In Surabaya, undergoing orthodontic treatment often signifies a person^s perceived capability due to the associated expenses. The selection of the appropriate therapy necessitates effective communication between dentists and patients. Throughout this process, various factors influence the dentist^s communication, particularly in providing comprehensive information regarding the comparison between orthodontic treatment using braces and dental aligners. Purpose: This study aims to identify the primary factors influencing therapeutic communication between dentists and patients in the Surabaya region when choosing between braces and dental aligners for orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This research adopted an analytic observational approach, where 30 respondents completed a Google Form questionnaire. The population were patients and dentists in Surabaya with certain criteria. Data analysis employed the Logistic Regression statistical test and a partial significance test between variables, the p-value or significance of < 0.05. Results: Among the five factors examined in this study that consisted of socio-economic status, treatment duration, aesthetics, comfort, and knowledge, the most significant factor which influenced therapeutic communication between dentists and patients in selecting braces or dental aligners is knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge aspect plays a dominant role influencing therapeutic communication between dentists and patients in Surabaya when deciding between braces and dental aligners for orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Therapeutic Communication, Orthodontic Therapy, Braces, Dental Aligners Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arya Brahmanta Simpati)

88	Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics	ABS-55
Validity of Indonesian Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs Index Yohana Yusra,1* Joko Kusnoto,1 Olivia Sahelangi,1 Indrayadi Gunardi,2 Adang Bachtiar,3 Anton Rahardjo,4 Mieke Sylvia Margaretha Amiatun Ruth,5 Budi Kusnoto,6 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 2 Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 3 Department of Health Administrasion and Policy Studies, School of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 4 Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 5 Department of Forensic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia 6 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, United States of America Abstract Introduction. The high prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia, approximately 80%, highlights a significant public health issue. Malocclusion is an abnormal arrangement of the teeth or jaws. This problem is compounded by the limited number of orthodontists, emphasizing the need for preventive or interceptive orthodontic treatments. Developing an index to measure the need for interceptive orthodontic treatment is crucial for screening and early detection of malocclusion in children during the mixed dentition period. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of the Indonesian Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IIOTN) index for assessing malocclusion in children with mixed dentition. Method. A qualitative study was employed to assess the validity of a questionnaire. Four domains (primary teeth, anterior and posterior permanent teeth and occlusion) were constructed. Data validity was measured by four expert reviews. Result. Expert opinions and reviews were provided for each domain to prevent or lessen malocclusion in permanent teeth, with a particular focus on the correlation with occlusion development in children. These studies supported the face validation of the index for measuring interceptive orthodontic treatment need. Conclusion. The Indonesian IOTN index could be used to screen for malocclusion requiring interceptive orthodontic treatment. This index can be broadly applied within the community to reduce the impact on quality of life and self-confidence in children. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to further validate the Indonesian IOTN index and its applicability in diverse populations. Keywords: validity, orthodontic, interceptive, index, IIOTN Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yohana Yusra)

89	Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics	ABS-76
Effect of Coffee against Stainless steel Orthodontic Bracket Himawan Halim,1,* Magdalena Juliani,1 Fajar H Nasution,1 Ivan A Halim,2 Rafael J Irwantoro3 Universitas TYrisakti Abstract Introduction: Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world. In Indonesia there are 3 types of coffee grown, namely Arabica coffee, Robusta coffee and Liberica coffee. In Indonesia, Robusta coffee is the most widely produced coffee. Robusta coffee is an acidic drink because it has an average pH of 5.6 which can increase corrosion. Stainless steel orthodontic brackets are a type of orthodontic bracket that has greater resistance to corrosion, however, exposure to stainless steel orthodontic brackets by Robusta coffee which has an average pH of 5.6 can cause a corrosion process so that more Fe ions are released. Objective: To see the number of Fe ions released from brackets soaked in Robusta coffee. Method: the study was divided into two groups, namely control and treatment groups. In the control group, there were 16 stainless steel orthodontic brackets which were soaked in 20 ml of artificial saliva in an incubator at 370C for 24 hours. In the treatment group there were 16 stainless steel orthodontic brackets which were soaked in 10 ml of artificial saliva and 10 ml of Robusta coffee in an incubator at 370C for 24 hours. After that, testing was carried out using an AAS tool to see the release of Fe ions contained in the test solution. Results: Robusta coffee causes increased release of Fe ions in stainless steel orthodontic brackets. In the treatment group soaked in Robusta coffee, an average of 7.96 ppm of Fe ions were released, while in the control group there were only 4.07 ppm of Fe ions released. Conclusion: Robusta coffee has been proven to cause increased release of Fe ions in stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Keywords: robusta coffee, stainless steel bracket, ion Fe Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Himawan Halim)

90	Paediatric Dentistry	ABS-6
DENTAL NEEDS FOR CHILDREN WITH ADHD: A SCOPING REVIEW Claudia Nur Rizky Jayanti (a*), Meirina Gartika (b) a) Residency Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia *claudia22001[at]mail.unpad.ac.id b) Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Background: ADHD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, beginning in childhood and can persist into adulthood. ADHD is a complex condition that impacts all aspects of daily life, including behavior and risks associated with oral health. Objective: This article aims to provide an overview of the oral health of children with ADHD and the approaches needed in oral health services. Method: The type of research conducted was a scoping review with the PRISMA instrument. Articles were searched through the online databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct using the keywords ADHD, treatment, teeth, and children published from 2014 to 2024. The inclusion and exclusion criteria and PCC framework were also used as references to conduct this review. Result: There were 51 studies and 6 studies from Australia, Canada, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, and Iran were included. Children with ADHD had worse oral health, higher caries rates, parafunctional oral habits, malocclusion, and bruxism. They also faced higher levels of anxiety and problems in managing their behavior during dental treatment. Parents^ knowledge and attitudes, especially mothers, regarding the oral and dental health of children with ADHD are generally inadequate, often neglecting dental hygiene, and consuming sweet foods. General anaesthesia in dental care is an effective method for children with special health care needs including ADHD. Conclusion: Understanding the condition of ADHD children in achieving optimal oral health is highly important. Children with ADHD need to visit the dentist more often to prevent oral health problems in the future. Keywords: ADHD, treatment, teeth, children Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Claudia Nur Rizky Jayanti)

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