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91	Periodontics	ABS-9
Comparative Analysis of General Dentists Knowledge about the 2018 AAP/EFP Classification of Periodontal Diseases in Jakarta and Surabaya Marie Louisa (1)*, Timotius William (2), Beatrice Aprilia (2) (1) Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia * marielouisa[at]trisakti.ac.id (2) Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Background: In 2018, the American Academy of Periodontics (AAP) and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) published a new periodontal disease classification which aims to assist dentists worldwide to diagnose and create treatment plans. This classification began to be taught to dental students in Indonesia since 2021. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze if there is any difference in knowledge between dentists in Surabaya and Jakarta about the new periodontal disease classification system according to AAP/EFP 2018. Method: This analytical observational research utilized an online questionnaire as data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed through PDGI (Indonesian Dental Association) Jakarta and Surabaya WhatsApp groups, with a total of 200 respondents (100 dentists from Jakarta and 100 dentists from Surabaya). Result: In both cities, majority of general dentists have poor knowledge of the 2018 AAP/EFP classification system. General dentists who graduated after 2018 tend to have better knowledge of the latest classification system compared to dentists who graduated before 2018. There is a statistical difference between dentists knowledge in Jakarta and Surabaya (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Due to low dentists knowledge, educational institutions need to update the materials provided, especially about 2018 AAP/EFP classification. Furthermore, continuous socialization through seminars and other continuing dental education programs is needed to update the general dentists knowledge regarding this new classification. Keywords: the 2018 AAP/EFP classification, general dentist, knowledge Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marie Louisa Sunardy)

92	Periodontics	ABS-10
Black Triangle: Etiology and Treatment Management Vidya Nursolihati (1), Marie Louisa (1)* (1) Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia * marielouisa[at]trisakti.ac.id Abstract Background: Open gingival embrasure or black triangle is a complex esthetic and functional problem because it negatively impacts the smile and facilitates food retention. The etiology is multifactorial and treatment management is achieved by approaching the etiologic factors for successful treatment. Objective: The objective of this review is to describe the etiological factors, classification, and management of black triangle. Method: Literature reviews with article searches were carried out through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholars database with the inclusion criteria articles published in 2014-2024 to identify studies of etiology and treatment management of black triangle. Two examiners performed the eligibility and quality assessment of relevant studies. Result: Several surgical and nonsurgical techniques have been proposed to treat soft tissue deformities and manage inter-proximal space. The non-surgical approaches include periodontics, orthodontic, prosthetic, and restorative procedures. The surgical approaches are coronally advanced flap and connective tissue graft. A single approach management is not often the best option, especially in extensive loss of periodontal support due to periodontal disease. Such cases need to be handled in a combination of various approaches, both surgical and non-surgical, to obtain predictable results. Conclusion: Black triangle management requires careful evaluation of underlying causes. All etiological factors and treatment alternatives should be discussed with the patient before starting treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is considered necessary to achieve successful clinical outcomes. Keywords: black triangle, esthetic, surgical, nonsurgical treatment Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marie Louisa Sunardy)

93	Periodontics	ABS-13
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF REFLUX AND MACERATION EXTRACTS OF PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA (L.) KUNTH AGAINST PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS (LABORATORY STUDY FOR ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS) Dewi Lidya Ichwana Nasution, Sri Tjahajawati, Ratna Indriyanti, Puput YolanaAmaliya, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Fakultas Kdokteran Gigi Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Abstract Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogenic bacterium involved in the development of chronic periodontitis, found in 85.75% of subgingival plaque. The extract of pepper elder leaves (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) contains natural compounds known for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which may potentially counteract periodontitis. Maceration and reflux are simple natural extraction methods, where reflux was conducted with heating and required less time. This study aimed to determine the difference in antibacterial efficacy between maceration and reflux extracts of pepper elder against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This experimental laboratory study used a Post-Test Control Group Design. Testing was done using the disk diffusion method on 10 treatment groups: maceration and reflux methods with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, negative control with distilled water, and positive control with 0.2% chlorhexidine. Each treatment group was repeated three times on blood agar media incubated for 48 hours. Measurements were made using calipers on the clear zones formed around the disk paper. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a p-value of 0.001, indicating significant differences among the groups. The Mann-Whitney test for two-group comparisons revealed significant values, with the highest inhibitory effect observed in the 100% maceration extract. The study found significant differences in the antibacterial efficacy of maceration and reflux extracts against the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Keywords: Reflux, Maceration, Pepper Elder Leaves, Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (dewi lidya ichwana nasution)

94	Periodontics	ABS-38
The Use of Probiotic Lozenges (Lactobacillus Reuteri Prodentis) towards pH of Saliva I G A Dewi Haryani (a*),, Dwis Syahriel (a), Hervina(a), Made Talitha S. Pinatih (a) a)Department of Periodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Indonesia *: dhewieharyani[at]unmas.ac.id Abstract Keywords: Periodontal disease, Probiotic lozenges, Saliva pH Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I G A Dewi Haryani)

95	Periodontics	ABS-46
Malondialdehyde Levels Increased in Male Wistar Rats Induced with Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria Ni Wayan Arni Sardi(a), I Wayan Putu SutirtaYasa(b), Dewa Made Wedagama(c) a. Faculty of Dentistry - Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, b. Faculty of Medicine - Udayana University, c. Faculty of Dentistry - Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar Abstract Backgrounds: Several recent studies indicate an intricate relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in periodontal tissue. An indicator of oxidative stress is Malondialdehyde (MDA), formed as a result of lipid peroxidation which were pivotal mechanism that were found in cell membranes, leading to the damage and disruption of cellular structures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the MDA levels in the blood plasma of Wistar rats induced with bacteria with those of healthy ones. Methods: This study used post-test only control group design. One group of 4 male wistar rats that induced with Pophyromonas gingivalis and one group of 4 healthy male wistar rats without bacteria induction. The plasma blood was taken from the infraorbital after a week of bacterial induction. ELISA was used to examine the levels of MDA in the plasma. Results: The result showed that there was significant difference level of MDA in the mean score. The mean score of MDA in healthy rats detected 0.300 nmol/mL and MDA level in induced rats found 1.550 nmol/mL. Discussions : Lipopolysacharrides (LPS) from P. gingivalis in sulcus gingiva induced inflammation and induced immune respond that increased neutrophils and macrophage which increased the amount of reactive oxigen species that leads to lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that produce MDA. Conclusion: higher levels of MDA detected in the group of wistar rats that induced with bacteria compare to the healthy rats. Keywords: Malondialdehyde, oxidative stress, periodontal tissue, Porphyromonas gingivalis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ni Wayan Arni Sardi)

96	Periodontics	ABS-58
Resveratrol Effectiveness as Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy for Periodontitis: A Review Fergy Christin Maitimu1,*, Trijani Suwandi1 1Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract ABSTRACT Background : Resveratrol is a phytoalexin that is naturally produced by different plants. It is commonly found in high quantities in the skin of red grapes and peanuts. Periodontitis is an oral condition that involves inflammation and infection in the tissues surrounding the teeth. This can result in the loss of the alveolar bone and could lead to tooth loss. Research has shown that resveratrol has the ability to reduce the inflammatory response by suppressing the production of inflammatory substances, inhibiting pathogens, promoting tissue regeneration, and bone remodelling. Objective : To obtain some scientific data related to the effectiveness of resveratrol as Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy for periodontitis. Methods : Using PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematical Reviews and Meta-Analysis) to acquire data about the effectiveness of resveratrol as Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy for periodontitis. Two databases (Pubmed and Google Scholar) were used from 2014 until May 2024. Result : All the studies matching the search criteria were located. All the studies (Randomized-Clinical Trial and Non-Randomized Clinical Trial) that has been filtered were analysed to find the effectiveness of resveratrol as Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy for Periodontitis. Conclusion : Resveratrol shows great potential as an additional treatment for periodontitis, particularly when used alongside scaling and root planing as Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. Keywords: Resveratrol, Periodontitis, Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy, Antioxidant Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fergy Christin Maitimu)

97	Periodontics	ABS-62
Preventive Antibiofilm Activity of Rosella Petals Mouthwash Formulation on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: in vitro study Mikha Sundjojo*, Trijani Suwandi*, Caesary Cloudya Panjaitan** *Department of Periodontics, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia **Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Background(s): Based on basic health research data in Indonesia, the incidence of periodontitis in the general population was 74.1% in 2018. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is dominant in periodontitis molar incisor pattern. Preventing recurrence of periodontitis recommendations are mechanical plaque removal and adjunctive antiseptic mouthwash. Rosella petals contains antimicrobial effect and have potential as alternative mouthwash for periodontitis. Objective(s): The aim of this study was to analyze the preventive antibiofilm activity of rosella petals mouthwash formulation on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. Method(s): Phytochemical tests were done to identify the rosella petals mouthwash formulation active substances. Furthermore, a crystal violet biofilm assay was used to analyze biofilm growth with different concentrations (1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, and 12.5%) of rosella petals mouthwash formulation. Biofilm turbidity was measured at 490-nm wavelength using a microplate reader. Result(s): The results showed that the rosella petals mouthwash formulation contains active compounds of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and polifenol. The biofilm assay results showed that all rosella concentrations exhibited preventive antibiofilm activity to A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with a negative control (p <0.05). Conclusion(s): Rosella petals mouthwash formulation were effective in inhibiting biofilm to A. actinomycetemcomitans. Rosella petals mouthwash formulation might be useful as an adjunctive therapy for periodontal supportive care. Future studies are still needed to confirm this result in vivo to analyze the efficacy of rosella petal mouthwash formulation. Keywords: preventive, antibiofilm, rosella petals, periodontitis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mikha Sundjojo)

98	Periodontics	ABS-63
Rosella Petals Mouthwash Formulation as Therapeutic Antibiofilm Agent on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans : in vitro study Trijani Suwandi,1,*,** Mikha Sundjojo,1, Caesary Cloudya Panjaitan,2, Evangelista Rachel Hepziba,3, Tirza Oktarina Setiabudi,3 1 Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 2 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 3 Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Backgrounds: The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia is relatively high. Periodontitis is caused by bacterial biofilms, one of them named Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Non-surgical periodontitis treatment involves scaling and root planing, plaque control, and antiseptic mouthwash. Rosella petals is an herbal ingredient that contains antibacterial agents, which can be formulated into a mouthwash. Objectives: to analyze the rosella petals mouthwash formulation as therapeutic antibiofilm agent on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was incubated for 24 hours for biofilm production, followed by crystal violet staining assay to observe biofilm mass after one-hour incubation of five different rosella petals mouthwash formulation concentration (1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25%), along with 0.2% Chlorhexidine as positive control and distilled sterile water as negative control. Results: One-way ANOVA showed that rosella petals mouthwash formulation could significantly reduce mature A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm than negative control (p<0.05). Post Hoc test showed that the concentration of 25% and 12.5% rosella petal mouthwash could potentially reduce mature A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm compared to Chlorhexidine 0.2% by a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions: Rosella petals mouthwash formulation showed significant reduction on A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm mass. Rosella petals mouthwash has the potential be used as an additional therapy in nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. Keywords: Rosella petals, mouthwash, therapeutic, antibiofilm, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Trijani Suwandi)

99	Periodontics	ABS-65
Effect of Flossing on Proximal Hygiene Using Two Types of Dental Floss Luki Astuti, Olivia Nauli Komala, Muthiara Handini Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti General Practitioner Abstract Background: Maintaining proper oral hygiene practices, such regular tooth brushing and interdental cleaning, significantly reduces the risk of periodontitis. Dental flossing that has some types may or may not have substantial impact on oral hygiene. Objective: to determine the impact of flossing on proximal dental hygiene with thread and holder type of dental floss. Methods: After meeting the criteria, 50 dentistry students were divided into two groups. Group 1 used thread type of dental floss and Group 2 used holder type of dental floss. Interdental Hygiene (HYG) Index was used to evaluate plaque accumulation in the interdental area before and after flossing. This index calculated the area without plaque in the space between teeth, using percentage calculations (%), which were performed on either the front side (facial/buccal/labial) or the back side (oral/lingual/palatal). Results: There was significant difference before and after flossing (p = 0.00) in two groups. Interdental hygiene with thread type of dental floss provided an increase of 24,1% while using holder type provided an increase of 21,4%. The interdental hygiene index between two groups was not significantly different (p = 0.464). Conclusion: Flossing had an effect on oral hygiene. Interdental cleaning with thread type of dental floss gave slightly better results than holder type. Keywords: dental floss, interdental hygiene Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Olivia Nauli Komala)

100	Periodontics	ABS-66
AL2O3 AND TIO2 PARTICLES THAT USED IN SANDBLASTING ON TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANTS Albert*,**, Beverly Chloe, Christian Adi Prawira, Trijani Suwandi Albert, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Beverly Chloe, Christian Adi Prawira, Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Trijani Suwandi, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Dental implants failure often occurs because of inadequate osseointegration process. Thus, a lot of implant surface modifications are studied to increase the osseointegration, such as sandblasting. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3 ) and Titanium Oxide (TiO2 ) are the common particles for sandblasting to roughen the implant surface. Sandblasting is affected by a few parameters, including type of particles, size of particles, blasting pressure, blasting duration, and blasting distance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Al2O3 and TiO2 particles in sandblasting to increase implant surface roughness. Method: The Scoping Review method on this research is written according to the PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram and uses the data basis of Google Scholar into four main journals that met the inclusion criteria that had been processed using a study tool with boolean operator. Result: Implant surface roughness on sandblasted implant is higher than machined implant. These studies show osseointegration enhancement in Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) and removal torque value. The first study shows the surface roughness of machined implant is 0.159 &#956-m, as for sandblasted implant is 0.699 &#956-m. The second one shows that all implants achieve primary stabilization and at the end of both 1st and 3rd months, all implants were osseointegrated. However, these particles have similar effectiveness in osseointegration enhancement. Conclusion: Roughness of dental implants are higher in Al2O3 sandblasted implants, although there is no significant difference between Al2O3 and TiO2 sandblasted implants. Keywords: Aluminium Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, Sandblasting, Surface Roughness, Osseointegration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Albert Albert)

101	Periodontics	ABS-68
Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser as an Adjuvant for Periodontitis: a Scoping Review Nikita Adela, Olivia Nauli Komala Dental co-assistant, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold standard for treating periodontitis. However, it has flaws such as incomplete calculus elimination, especially on root surface, thus can lead to re-attachment of plaque. Er,Cr: YSGG laser has been developed as an adjuvant to SRP. It is believed that this laser can enhance the success of periodontitis treatment in clinial and biochemical aspects. Objective: To review the effectiveness of E,Cr:YSGG laser in adjunct to SRP in clinical and biochemical aspects. Method: A scoping review of the literature was performed to identify the effectiveness of Er,Cr:YSGG laser as an adjuvant to SRP in clinical and biochemical aspects. The Pubmed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to December 2023 for clinical trials. Articles were identified using PCC, with periodontitis as the population, the laser effectiveness as adjuvant for SRP as the concept, and the clinical and biochemical evaluations as the context of this review. Out of 248 articles, 12 were included after elimination with PRISMA method. Result: 10 out of 12 articles stated a significant higher healing rate on patients treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The most used clinical parameters were PPD, CAL, and BOP, with IL-1B, IL-8, and MMP-8 for the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Most articles that were reviewed concluded that Er,Cr:YSGG laser increases periodontitis healing in clinical and bichemical aspects after SRP. Systematic review and meta-analysis are needed for further research. Keywords: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, periodontitis, scaling, root planing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Olivia Nauli Komala)

102	Periodontics	ABS-69
SCOPING REVIEW : ^ The Efficacy of Enzyme CoQ10 as Adjunctive Therapy for Periodontitis in Individual with Diabetes Mellitus ^ Fergy Christin Maitimu, Trijani Suwandi Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract ABSTRACT Background : Periodontitis has clinical feature of the loss of periodontal tissue support that can lead to alveolar bone loss until tooth loss. Individual with Diabetes Mellitus has higher risk to have periodontitis and periodontitis could affect the glycaemic control of the individual with Diabetes Mellitus. Coenzyme Q 10 or enzyme CoQ10 is an antioxidant that could supresses periodontal inflammation. Objective : To obtain some scientific data related to the efficacy of Enzyme CoQ10 as Adjunctive Therapy for Periodontitis Treatment in Individual with Diabetes Mellitus. Methods : Using PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematical Reviews and Meta-Analysis) to obtain the efficacy of enzyme CoQ10 as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis in individual with Diabetes Mellitus. Two databases (Pubmed and Google Scholar) were used from January 2014 until May 2024. Result : Initially, all the studies with the title according to the search were found and all the Randomized-Clinical Trial (RCT) and Non-Randomized Clinical Trial studies were filtered to find the efficacy of enzyme CoQ10 as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis in individual with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion : Enzyme CoQ10 can be used as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis in individual with Diabetes Mellitus and has possibility to be a sole adjunctive therapy agent for periodontitis in individual with Diabetes Mellitus. Keywords: CoQ10, Periodontitis, Diabetes Mellitus, Adjunctive Therapy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Trijani Suwandi)

103	Periodontics	ABS-72
The Relationship Dentin Hypersensitivity Patients Pain Response with the Width and Height of Gingival Recession Pitu Wulandari | Nadia Oktaviana | Irma Ervina | Aini Hariyani Nasution | Vandersun Lestari Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara | Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara | Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara | Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara | Private Dental Clinic, Medan Abstract Background: Gingival recession is the reason occasional dentin hypersensitivity gives rise to response pain in the sufferer. Recession condition allegedly role in increased pain response in dentin hypersensitivity. Objective: the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between dentin hypersensitivity patient^s pain response with the width and height of the gingival recession. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted against 120 teeth of the 35 patients who came to visit the dental and oral hospital Universitas Sumatera Utara who suffer from dentin hypersensitivity. The width of gingival recession can be measured from the widest area distance from the distal gingival margin to the mesial area of the tooth. Recession height be measured from the gingival margin to the cementoenamel junction. Pain response to dentin hypersensitivity was measured with moreover formerly provided stimulus to teeth that are in recession with dental air syringe and pain response be measured through Schiff Scale (SS). Results: This study shows that there is a significant relationship between recession width (p=0.010) and height (p=0.024) with pain response in patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Width and height of gingival recession play a role in pain response in dentin hypersensitivity patients. Keywords: cementoenamel junction, dentin hypersensitivity, gingival recession, pain, Schiff Scale Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pitu Wulandari)

104	Periodontics	ABS-78
Bone Regeneration Comparison of Non-Autograft and Autograft Material in Dental Implants Thomas Aurelius Dharma, Luki Astuti, Olivia Nauli Komala Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Autograft is widely considered the gold standard for bone grafting due to its high compatibility and effectiveness. However, it has notable drawbacks, including donor site morbidity, limited availability, and the risk of infection requiring a secondary surgical site. Non-autograft options, such as allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts, offer potential benefits by avoiding these issues and should be considered as viable alternatives for bone grafting procedures. Objective: This study aims to conduct a scoping review to compare bone regeneration outcomes between non-autograft and autograft materials for dental implants, focusing on radiographic measurements. Method: A scoping review was conducted using the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. The review focused on humans undergoing immediate or delayed dental implant procedures, assessing radiographic bone regeneration as the concept, and bone grafts for dental implants as the context. Inclusion criteria encompassed human studies on autograft, xenograft, alloplast, and non-autograft materials published in Indonesian or English over the past 15 years. The search, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, was performed on PubMed and Wiley databases in September 2021. Results: Out of 464 articles initially identified, nine met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 77% (n=7) reported no significant differences in at least one dimensional measurement (vertical, horizontal, area, volume, or remodeling) between non-autograft and autograft materials. Conversely, 22% (n=2) observed significant differences in one or more measurements. Conclusion: The review indicates that both autograft and non-autograft bone grafts generally show similar outcomes in terms of dimensional changes upon radiographic examination, suggesting that non-autografts could be viable alternatives. Keywords: Bone graft, autograft, non-autograft, dental implant, bone regeneration, radiographic evaluation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Luki Astuti)

105	Periodontics	ABS-99
The Correlation between Uric Acid Levels and Periodontal Clinical Parameters in Elderly Muhammad Ihsan Rizal(1,*), Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin(2), Nadia Maulida(3), Melanie Sadono Djamil(1) 1. Departement of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia 2. Departement of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia 3. Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Keywords: elderly, periodontitis, periodontal clinical parameter, uric acid Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Ihsan Rizal)

106	Periodontics	ABS-105
Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Enhance the Diagnostic of Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review Sariyani Pancasari Audry Arifin1 Ricky Anggara Putranto2,* Alyah Heriandi2 Dika Andiana Sari Gunawan1 Febby Putri Maharani1 1 Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Periodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: rickyanggara[at]trisakti.ac.id Abstract Background Adult populations are at risk of periodontal disorders. The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical observations confirmed by radiographic analysis. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was introduced to the dental sector in earlier decades. CBCT imaging diagnostic efficacy in periodontics was the focus of this study, which used the hierarchical efficacy model to analyze and explore the literature systematically. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to diagnose periodontal disease. Method Narrative reviews with article searches were carried out through NCBI^s PubMed database and Scopus with the inclusion criteria articles published in 2019-2024 to identify studies of CBCT to enhance the diagnostic and treatment of periodontal disease. Two examiners performed the eligibility and quality assessment of relevant studies and consensus was reached in cases where disagreement occurred. Result The average diagnostic accuracy of the research included showed a low or moderate risk of bias, suggesting usage concerns about the use of CBCT. Furthermore, in comparison to other modalities, CBCT is accurate in detecting periodontal abnormalities and clinical symptom. According to research on patient outcomes, CBCT is a trustworthy method for evaluating the results of periodontal diagnostic. Conclusion The result of high-resolution images can provide an excellent three-dimensional image for viewing bone destruction and periodontal problems. When there is furcation involvement, infra-bony deformities, or bone loss, CBCT has been proven to be accurate and helpful. Keywords Cone-beam computed tomography, diagnostic, narrative review, periodontal disease Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography, diagnostic, narrative review, periodontal disease Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ricky Anggara Putranto)

107	Pharmacology	ABS-110
Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Dithiocarbamate on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma HSC-3 and HSC-4 Cell Lines Wastuti Hidayati Suriyah1*, How N.-F. Fiona2 Abdul Razak K3 Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa4 Solachuddin J.A. Ichwan5 1 Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry Universitas YARSI, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry Kulliyyah of Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia 3 Department of Basic Medical Sciences Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia 4Institute of Planetary Survival for Sustainable Well-being, International Islamic University Malaysia 5 Dentistry Programme PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent and aggressive cancer in the head and neck region, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Current treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are often limited by severe side effects and the emergence of chemoresistant cancer cells. Dithiocarbamate (DTC) has exhibited various chemical and biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects. This study aims to explore the anticancer potential of DTC on oral cancer cells. Human OSCC cell lines HSC-3 and HSC-4 were utilized. Cytotoxic activities were measured using the MTT assay. Apoptotic cell numbers were evaluated through flow cytometry analysis. The expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes PUMA and Caspase-9 were assessed using Quantitative RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett^s post hoc test to compare the means between treatment and control groups. Our results demonstrated that DTC decreased the viability of oral cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed an increase in apoptotic cells, supported by significant upregulations of PUMA and Caspase-9 (p<0.05). DTC demonstrates significant pro-apoptotic activity against HSC-3 and HSC-4 cell lines, highlighting its potential as a new chemotherapeutic agent for OSCC. Keywords: Apoptosis, Dithiocarbamate, HSC-3, HSC-4, OSCC Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wastuti Hidayati Suriyah)

108	Prosthodontics	ABS-12
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER (TMD) WITH MOUTH OPENINGS IN CHILDREN AGED 8 TO 12 YEARS IN CIMAHI Azkya Patria Nawawi, Marlin Himawati, Rahmadanti Putri Khairunisa Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia Abstract Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) often occurs especially in the age range of 20 to 40 years and can occur in children of productive age, so it can disrupt productivity and reduce the child^s quality of life. One of the symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders is the limited range of the mouth opening. This study aimed to determine the relationship between TMD and the range of mouth openings in children in Cimahi City. A cross-sectional approach was used in this research. 47 students at SD Cimahi Mandiri 2, aged 8 to 12 years, were invited to participate in this study. Sample selection was carried out using stratified random sampling, forming subpopulations with relatively homogeneous variables. Subjects filled out a modified Fonseca questionnaire in Indonesian, and the size of the mouth opening was measured. From the Fonseca questionnaire, the calculated validity test results were > r table 0.361, and the reliability test results were 0.721 with Cronbach^s Alpha, indicating that the Fonseca Questionnaire was valid and reliable. Data were normally distributed. The results of the correlation test using Pearson obtained a probability value of 0.023 (p<0.05) and a correlation r of -0.267. The conclusion is that there was a significant relationship between TMD and mouth opening size in children aged 8 to 12 years in Cimahi City with a low level of correlation. The higher the TMD score, the lower the size of mouth opening. Keywords: Temporomandibular Disorder, mouth opening, Fonseca^s questionnaire, children, and Cimahi City Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Azkya Patria Nawawi)

109	Prosthodontics	ABS-77
The Assessment of Forward Head Posture and Temporomandibular Disorders: Dental and Computer Science Students Nur Alyani Binti Che Zahari, Muhammad Zakwan Bin Mohd Zamridin, Norlela Yacob, Tine Martina Winarti Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar Abstract Keywords: CROM, Forward Head Posture, Goniometer, TMDs Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tine Martina Winarti)

110	Prosthodontics	ABS-87
The Link Between Sleep and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Literature Review Carolina Marpaung Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. Both physical and mental health are significantly impacted by sleep quality and duration. Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are not excluded from having a close relation to sleep quality and sleep disorders. Objective: The review discussed the relationship between sleep and temporomandibular disorders based on the available literature. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out with sleep and craniomandibular disorders as the mesh terms being used. The articles were screened based on sleep quality assessments and type of sleep disorders with their relation to TMD. Articles that were included were written in English language and published from 2014 to 2024. Review: Low sleep quality increases TMD patients^ pain perception, leading to increased pain sensitivity and altered pain processing. Although not as clear as with pain, the relation of sleep to function disorders of TMD is also indicated. The complex relationship between sleep, psychological factors, and TMD might explain the indication. Besides the quality, types of sleep disorders are also closely linked to TMD occurrence. Conclusion: Sleep has a complex relation to the incidence and persistence of TMD complaints. Keywords: Temporomandibular Disorders, Sleep, Sleep quality, Pain Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Carolina Marpaung)

111	Prosthodontics	ABS-112
Flexural Strength of PEEK (Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone) Coated by Hydroxyapatite 34,5% as Dental Implant Material Chaterina Diyah Nanik Kusumawardani,1 Dhea Putri Ayunda Salam,2 I.G.A.M Oka Lestari,3 1 Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya 2 Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hang Tuah Surabaya 3Graduate Student of Dental Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Abstract Background: PEEK (Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone) has been known as an alternative to implant materials due to its mechanical properties such as low modulus elasticity (3-4 GPa) which resembles human cortical bone. Modification of PEEK with hydroxyapatite (HA) is intended to improve the osseointegration characteristic. Flexural strength as one of the dental implant mechanical properties to withstand the masticatory load needs to be studied. Objective: Study the flexural strength of Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone with and without hydroxyapatite 34.5% coating. Methods: There were 16 samples of PEEK plates divided into 2 groups, namely the control group (K group) and the treatment Group (P group). K group samples were not coated by HA, while the P group was coated by 34.5%HA. HA coating technique was done using a spin coating method, then dried at room temperature for 24 hours. Flexural strength tests were carried out by a Universal Testing Machine at a speed of 1mm perminute. Data obtained was then analyzed by paired T-test. Results: The flexural strength of PEEK coated by 34.5% HA was 175 plusminus 6.245 MPa, on the other hand, non-coated PEEK showed a flexural strength value of 173 plusminus 17.243 MPa. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant difference in flexural strength in both groups. HA coating on PEEK material did not affect the flexural strength of PEEK. Keywords: Dental Implant, Flexural Strength, Hydroxyapatite, PEEK Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chaterina Diyah Nanik Kusumawardani)

112	Prosthodontics	ABS-114
Overview of Jakarta^s High School Students Knowledge Level regarding Denture Treatment Yosepha Angelica1, Yenny Pragustine2,* 1 Undergraduate, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti *Corresponding author. Email: yenny.pragustine[at]trisakti.ac.id Abstract Background: The rate of tooth loss among adolescents in Jakarta is 15.81%, with the primary cause being caries. Tooth loss requires rehabilitative treatment such as denture treatment, but only 0.24% of this population in Jakarta undergoes such treatment. Many factors influence the demand for denture treatment, one of them is knowledge. A lack of knowledge about dentures affects an individual^s willingness to seek denture treatment. Therefore, the researchers aim to determine the level of knowledge among adolescents in Jakarta regarding denture treatment. Objectives: This study aims to determine the level of knowledge among high school students in Jakarta regarding denture treatment. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study has received approval from the Ethics Committee in Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 11 questions that covered knowledge about the function of teeth, the impact of untreated tooth loss, and matters related to dentures. Results: The study collected data from 88 high school students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that 50 respondents (56.8%) had a good level of knowledge about dentures, 33 respondents (37.5%) had a moderate level of knowledge, and 5 respondents (5.7%) had a poor level of knowledge. Conclusion: The majority of high school students have a good level of knowledge about dentures. Keywords: Knowledge level, denture treatment, high school students. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yenny Pragustine)

113	Public Health Science	ABS-33
Comparison of Study Length between Departmental and Integrated System in Dental Clinical Program Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti,1 Indrayadi Gunardi,2,* Yohana Yusra,3 Julvyn,4 Anggraeny Putri Sekar Palupi,1 Dina Ratnasari,5 Elizabeth Fitriana Sari,6 1 Oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. 2 Oral medicine department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. 3 Orthodontics department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. 4 Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. 5 Conservative dentistry department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti. 6 Dentistry and Oral Health Discipline, Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, 3550, VIC, Australia *Corresponding author. Email: indrayadi[at]trisakti.ac.id Abstract Keywords: Clinical, Dental, Departmental, Education, Integrated. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indrayadi Gunardi)

114	Regenerative Medicine	ABS-50
Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM) of Human Teeth Can Increase Fibroblasts Cells and Density of Type I Collagen After Tooth Extraction Renie Kumala Dewi(1,2), Sri Oktawati(3*), Asdar Gani(4), Eko Suhartono(5), Nurlinda Hamrun(6), Rajendran Ganesh(7), Nadira Sapphira(8), Irham Taufiqurrahman(9) 1)Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia 2)Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, 70123, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 3*,4) Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia 5) Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, 70123, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 6) Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 7) Rajendran Ganesh, Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. 8) Postgraduated Student of the Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, 70122, Banjarmasin, Indonesia 9) Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lambung Mangkurat University, 70123, Banjarmasin, Indonesia *periounhas_sri[at]unhas.ac.id Abstract Background: Bone grafts can be used to increase bone regeneration, one of which is allograft. A human tooth graft is classified as an allograft because it is still in the same species. Allogenic Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM) is derived from the dentin of human teeth. The composition of dentin is so similar to bone that it is thought to have osteoconductivity. Purpose: Evaluating the effect of DDM gel on the expression of the number of fibroblast cells and the density of type 1 collagen. Methods: The left mandibular incisive tooth guinea pig is extracted, then the socket is filled with a Polyethylene glycol gel as a placebo in the control group (n=9), the treatment group (n=9) is filled with DDM gel. The gel is inserted into the socket until it is full then suture with non-absorbable silk. The guinea pig in euthanasia and seen the number of fibroblast cells and the density of type 1 collagen on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. The research results of the number of fibroblasts using Oneway ANOVA (p<0.05) and type I collagen density were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test (p<0.05). Result: There is a significant difference between the treatment group and control with the significance value in the average density of type 1 collagen (0.009) and the fibroblast cells (0.001). Conclusion: DDM has the effect of increasing fibroblast cells and density of type I collagen on the -7th, -14th and 21st days, and might be associated with the increase of bone remodeling. Keywords: Bone graft, Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM), Fibroblast, Type I Collagen Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Renie Kumala Dewi)

115	Regenerative Medicine	ABS-90
Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Hyaluronic Acid Combination Effects on Macrophage and Fibroblast Proliferation Post-Tooth Extraction Desak Made Hari Wijayanti* Armelia Sari Widyarman**, Melanie Hendriaty Sadono** *Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia **Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Abstract Background: Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) or hyaluronic acid (HA) has been proposed as supportive therapies to promote the wound healing process. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the histopathological features of macrophages and fibroblasts during the wound healing process post-tooth extraction following treatment with a combination of HA and L. reuteri gel. Methods: Probiotic lozenges (L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) were made into a gel form. White male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups (HA, L. reuteri, probiotic, a combination of HA and L. reuteri, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and a control group (no therapy and assessed on days 3, 7, and 14 post-left mandibular central incisor extraction. The histopathological appearance of macrophages and fibroblasts were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the number of macrophages between the combination treatment group (L. reuteri and HA) compared with the other treatment groups on days 3, 7, and 14 (P < 0.05). The results also revealed a significant difference in fibroblast proliferation in the combination treatment group compared to other groups on days 3, 7, and 14 (P < 0.05), with the number of fibroblasts significantly increasing on days 3 and 7, followed by accelerated proliferation on day 14 which was marked a reduction in the number of fibroblasts. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential ability of L. reuteri combined with HA to promote wound healing post-tooth extraction by enhancing macrophage and fibroblast proliferation. Keywords: Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Probiotic, Hyaluronic Acid, Macrophage, Fibroblast Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Armelia Sari Widyarman)

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