The Influence of Calcium Carbonate to Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Dental Bioactive Cement
Angela Evelyna, Hernindya Dwifulqi, Dicha Yuliadewi Rahmawati, Eklesia Regina Siagian, Indira Pramesti Cahyani, Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan Asri, Supriatno, Siti Sunarintyas

Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
Student of Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia
Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: angela.evelyna[at]dent.maranatha.edu

Abstract

Deep dental caries can be treated using restorative materials which can induce the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer, known as bioactive cement. Dental bioactive cement has recently received special attention because of its ability to replace damaged dentin structures. Dental bioactive cements mainly consist of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and calcium carbonate as setting accelerators. Meanwhile, adequate mechanical and antibacterial properties are also important to ensure the success of bioactive cement products. The role of calcium carbonate composition in mechanical and antibacterial properties has not been studied yet. This study aims to evaluate the influence of calcium carbonate on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental bioactive cement by testing three different calcium carbonate compositions. Tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) nanoparticles are combined with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) powder, calcium chloride (CaCl2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to produce dental bioactive cement. The research specimens were divided into three groups of calcium carbonate composition, which are 10%, 12.5%, and 15%. The samples were then tested for diametral tensile strength and the inhibitory ability of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The synthesized bioactive dental cement^s highest compressive strength result is obtained at 15% of specimens with 40.24 MPa values. The best inhibition zone diameter average was produced by 10% calcium carbonate which is 3.40 mm. Calcium carbonate significantly influences the mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental bioactive cement. The bioactive cement group with 15% CaCO3 content had the highest mechanical properties, while the 10% CaCO3 group had the best antibacterial properties

Keywords: Dental bioactive materials, Calcium carbonate, Mechanical Properties, Antibacterial Properties

Topic: Biomaterial and Technology in Dentistry