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1	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-7
Performance of slow-release crab shells based on hydroxyapatite fertilizer on the growth of Cucumis sativus plants Yusuf Wibisono1,2,*, Farhan W. Daniswara1, Susi Rokhmatul Ummah1, Mochamad B. Hermanto3, Gunomo Djoyowasito3, Alfian Noviyanto4 1 Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 Indonesia- 2 MILI Institute for Water Research, Kawasan Industri Jababeka, Bekasi, Indonesia 17530 3 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 Indonesia- 4 Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 Indonesia- * Corresponding author: Y_Wibisono[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The crab shell is the impact resulting from the high demand for crab commodities. Crab shells are obtained apart from waste, but they have several benefits. Such as the benefit of calcium content. Calcium in crab shells can be used in the manufacture of hydroxyapatite. The adsorption ability of hydroxyapatite can be utilized in the manufacture of slow-release fertilizer (SRF). SRF can release nutrients slowly and minimize the impact of environmental damage. In this study, SRF was made by mixing hydroxyapatite with inorganic fertilizers. The steps are cleaning and drying the crab shells, then crushing using a ball mill and calcining at 1000C. The calcium precursor (CaO) also known as hydroxyapatite powder was synthesized using a wet chemical precipitation method with calcination treatment at 600C. Furthermore, the encapsulation process between inorganic fertilizer and hydroxyapatite powder is carried out. The SRF produced was applied to cucumber to observe plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits, total fruit, and soil pH which was measured every 7 days. Observations were made with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions, namely treatment without fertilizer, ZA fertilizer, ZA-HA fertilizer, Urea fertilizer, and Urea-HA fertilizer. The observational data was analyzed using Randomized Block Design (RBD). The best results from all observation parameters are shown in the treatment with ZA-HA fertilizer. The usage of fertilizer containing hydroxyapatite is thought to be more efficient and gave a better result than using single fertilizer for plant growth. Keywords: crab shell- cucumber- growth performance- hydroxyapatite- slow-release fertilizer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Wibisono)

2	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-12
Development of Corn Moisture Content Prediction Model Using Portable Spectrometer and Machine Learning Dimas Firmanda Al Riza1*, Harki Himawan1, Choirul Umam2, Nurwahyuningsih3, and Zaqlul Iqbal1 1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, Indonesia 2Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia 3Food Engineering Technology Study Program, Department of Agricultural Technology, State Polytechnic of Jember, Indonesia *dimasfirmanda[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Corn moisture content is one of the parameters used to determine harvest time. The standard method of measuring corn moisture content is destructive (oven method), which has limitations in terms of time, labor, and measurement accuracy. A better method is to use infrared wave optical sensors, but the cost is expensive. There were several stages carried out, the first stage as many as 50 corn samples were dried using a drying house. The drying process was carried out for two weeks, and data acquisition was carried out once every two days from day 0 to day 14. Data acquisition was carried out which included measurement of corn moisture content and corn spectrum using a portable spectrometer. Then, a prediction model was developed from the data using Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods. The best model from the PLSR analysis results show that preprocessing Moving Average (MA) with R2 Train and R2 Test of 0.9843 and 0.9826 and RMSE error values from each Train and Test of 1.8661 and 1.9743. Then the best results from ANN show R2 Train and R2 Test of 0.951 and 0.905 with RMSE error values of 3.234 and 4.853. Based on the results of the study, the portable spectrometer has the potential to be developed into a detection tool for predicting corn moisture content in the field. Keywords: Machine Learning, Moisture content, Non-destructive, Spectroscopy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Harki Himawan)

3	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-15
Study of Pasting and Texture Properties of Dual Modified Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpus Altilis) Using Heat-Moisture Treatment and OctenylsuccinylationOctenyl Succinic Anhydride Herlina Marta (a*), Mohamad Bayu Dwipriastama (a), Yana Cahyana (a) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro&#8208-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia *herlina.marta[at]unpad.ac.id Abstract Starch is the most abundant carbohydrate store found in various plant organs such as tubers, roots, leaves, fruits, and seeds. In the food industry, starch is used as a food thickener, stabilizer, and/or emulsifier, but native breadfruit starch is hard to retrograde and thickens. Modification of breadfruit starch is expected to improve the lack of native breadfruit starch. The study aimed to examine the impact of both single modification treatments- heat-moisture treatment (HMT) and Octenylsuccinylation (OSL) and both dual-modification treatments, combination of HMT and OSL in reverse sequence on pasting and texture properties of native breadfruit starch. All treatments, both single and dual modifications decreased the setbackk of native breadfruit starch. HMT treatments and treatments involving HMT can increase the pasting temperature. The OSL treatment had the highest peak viscosity compared to the other treatments, while the HMT-OSL treatment had a higher hold viscosity and final viscosity which indicated that the starch was more stable. Modified OSL and OSL-HMT increased gel hardness and gumminess of native starch. Keywords: breadfruit starch, dual modification, pasting properties, texture properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamad Bayu Dwipriastama)

4	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-38
Frying kinetics and physical properties of air-fried french fries La Choviya Hawa, Syifa Rahadian Izzati, Rini Yuianingsih, Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho Agriculture Engineering, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Veteran street Malang, East Java, Indonesia *la_choviya[at]ub.ac.id Abstract French fries are processed products in the form of partially cooked frozen potatoes. The technological process of making french fries consists of frying, aiming to produce soft and crunchy products. This study aims to determine the effect of time and oil usage in air frying, finding the best frying method for french fries using some attributes of Zeleny, such as the frying rate, and a mathematical model of changes in water content during the frying process. Frying was controlled at a constant temperature of 180C with time variations of 10, 13, and 16 minutes, as well as oil usage variations of without oil, 0.02 oils, and 0.04 oils. The sample used was frozen french fries from the supermarket. The results showed the moisture content (26.85 until 45.56 percents). Based on the accuracy test, the best frying kinetics prediction models are the Midili et al. and Wang-Singh models. The texture analysis results indicated hardness (120.83 until 559.8 g), springiness (1.15 until 2.82 mJ), chewiness (0.33 until 3.98 mm), gumminess (28.6 until 213.43 g), and cohesiveness (0.2 until 0.41). The color analysis showed L values (64.437 until 68.660), a (0.013 until 4.780), b (21.32 until 35.54), and color differences (4.567 until 10.603). The chemical characteristic of french fries showed fat content (5.78 to 22.42 percent). The air frying method without oil use for 13 minutes is the best for frying french fries. Keywords: air fryer, french fries, frying kinetics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Choviya Hawa)

5	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-50
Wahyunanto A. Nugroho Wahyunanto A. Nugroho, Hanaul Rofiq, Yusuf Wibisono Brawijaya University Abstract The increase in human population demands an increase in the number of goods to fulfil their basic needs, one of which is food. Protein is an essential nutrient that must be available in food to satisfy human needs. Microalgae is an aquatic species that contains protein up to 75% of protein per dry weight. Among all species, Chlorella vulgaris can be a candidate for the future protein source as it is easy to cultivate, non-pathogenic and significantly low in uric acid. The standard media for cultivating Chlorella vulgaris is a bold basal medium (BBM). However, the price of the medium is relatively expensive in developing countries. Hence, hydroponic fertilizer (AB Mix) can be an alternative for providing the culture medium. AB Mix consists of A parts, which is the macronutrients, and B part, which is the micronutrients. This study is to observe the optimum mixing composition and compound concentration in regard to the highest possible growth rate of the Chlorella vulgaris. The ratio of Part-A and Part-B was set to be 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. A control was set using BBM as the growth medium. Each ratio was carried out in three different concentrations of both Part-A and Part-B: 3.5 ml- 4.9 ml- dan 7 ml. The highest biomass dry weight (34.3889 mg/ml) was achieved by the 1:2 ratio in the highest fertilizer concentration with the average growth rate was 0.212 1/day. The proximate composition as well as the production cost per mass of dry weight is in the progress of analysis. Keywords: microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, hydroponics fertilizer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho)

6	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-63
The Effect of Root Zone Cooling on the Growth of Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa L.) in a Hydroponic System with Different Temperature Treatments Joko Prasetyo, Gunomo Djojowasito, Wiryaningtyas Setya Winahyu, Annisa Noor Sasmita Universitas Brawijaya Abstract Climate and weather in Indonesia pose significant challenges to improving vegetable crop productivity. Hydroponics is one cultivation system used to overcome these issues by allowing the regulation of environmental conditions around the plants. In addition to proper water and nutrient management, temperature is a crucial factor to consider in hydroponic cultivation. High environmental temperatures can disrupt morphogenesis and hinder plant growth. Root zone cooling technology has emerged as a solution to maintain low temperatures in the root area, aiming to stimulate cell elongation and enhance the productivity of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). The objective of this research is to design a wick hydroponic system with the addition of root zone cooling treatment and compare the effects of temperature variations and cooling duration on lettuce plant growth. A simple cooling system composed of several components, including the Peltier TEC 12706, temperature sensor, and controller XH W109, was utilized in this research. The research was conducted using an experimental research method. The treatments applied in this study involved variations in cooling temperatures, which included 15, 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. The cooling treatment was conducted for 4 hours, starting from 12.00 PM to 4.00 PM Western Indonesia Time (WIB). Based on the research, the best results were obtained from the treatment at 20 degrees Celsius, where the average plant height was 20.45 cm, the average leaf count of 8 leaves, the average leaf greenness index was 16.44, and the leaf area was 104.31 cm2. This study shows that the cooling treatment at 20 degrees Celsius has a positive effect on lettuce plant productivity compared to the control plants. Keywords: Productivity, root zone cooling, hydroponic, Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wiryaningtyas Setya Winahyu)

7	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-64
The Effect of Discoloration on Red Betel Leaves on the Phenol, Flavonoid, and Anthocyanin Content Retno Damayanti*, Mitha Sa^diyah, Rut Juniar Nainggolan, Siska Ratna Anggraeni, Ariv Fajar Matoga Sinaga, Sandra Malin Sutan, Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia. *damayanti[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Red betel has active substances such as antioxidants, anti-bacterials, anti-inflammatories, etc. Red betel leaves contain several types of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and anthocyanins. Morphology changes in plants have an influence on color of leaves. The research purposes to determine the effect of discoloration on red betel leaves on the content of phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. This research uses three levels of discoloration test based on the percentage of the green area on leaves (25-50%, 51-75%, 76-100%). The discoloration on leaves measurement uses ImageJ software, while the secondary metabolites measurements (phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) is do with the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. Discoloration had a significant value on the phenol testing, with the largest average value of 4,522 g gallic acid/g sample. Flavonoid values at the three discoloration levels had no significant effect, with the highest mean value of 12,688 g quercetin/g sample. Color discoloration on anthocyanin testing result a significant value, with the largest average value of 8,808 g/l. Keywords: Anthocyanin- Discoloration- Flavonoid- Phenol- Red betel leave Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Retno Damayanti)

8	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-74
Neural Network Model for Estimating Total Chlorophyll Laboratory Measurement Based on Chlorophyll Meter (SPAD) Value in Oil Palm Muhdan Syarovy, Rana Farrasati, Iput Pradiko, Winarna, Indonesia Oil Palm Researh Institute Abstract Chlorophyll is one component that is often an indicator of plants experiencing environmental stress. Quantitatively, the value of chlorophyll can be measured using a chlorophyll meter and in the laboratory. Chlorophyll meter measurements can be done quickly, but do not produce actual values like chlorophyll measurements in the laboratory. Meanwhile, measurement of chlorophyll in the laboratory requires special treatment and a long time to get results. This study aims to estimate the chlorophyll content of chlorophyll meter and laboratory measurements using a neural network model. The input that will be used in this study is the age group and SPAD value, while the output is the estimated total chlorophyll in laboratory measurements. The number of datasets used in this research is 1,066 data which is divided into 80% training and 20% test data. The neural network model can predict the chlorophyll content in the laboratory with a mean square error (MSE) and a Mean Absolute Error (MAPE) of 0.0330 and 0.1333 respectively. Keywords: Neural Network, Chlorophyll, SPAD, Oil Palm Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhdan Syarovy)

9	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-86
Effect of Moisture Content on Physical and Mechanical Properties of East Java Local Unhulled Rice Varieties. Darmanto(a), Andri Paska Ginting(a), La Choviya Hawa(a), Sandra(a*) (a) Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering,Universitas Brawijaya *sandra.msutan[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The purpose of this study is to obtain physical and mechanical properties of some East Java local unhulled rice as well as its quality based on Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI). The properties measurement comprised geometrical dimension, gravimetric property, density, static friction coefficient, compressive strength, compressive strain, and elastic modulus. The local unhulled rice varieties were cempo rogo, mahameru, glutinous rice mentok Ponorogo. The research method used was an experimental method by conditioning the moisture content of the unhulled rice with the addition of water then measured and tested its physical and mechanical properties, calculated the percentage of grain milled, and according to the variation in the moisture content determined by 3 repetitions of each treatment. The results of this study were that the geometrical properties, such as average diameter, surface area, volume, and roundness, increased with increasing water content around 0,8-0,9 mm- 0,6-0,9 mm2- 0,7-0,9 mm3- and 0,6-0,8 %, respectively. For gravimetric properties, measurement of the mass per 1000 seeds resulted increasing 0,9 gram mass. The average bulk density increasing was around 0.7-0.9 gram/cm2, the true density tended to increase around 0.01- 0.9 gram/cm2, while the pororsity tend to decrese with the water content increasing around 0,8-0,9 %. Frictional properties (bulk angle and static friction coefficient) tended to decrease with increasing water content which was influenced by the level of hardness on the plywood, iron plate, and glass skirting boards of 0.8-1o and 0.8-0.9o, respectively. The mechanical properties in the form of compressive strength tended to drop with water content rising at range 1,39 - 2,23 N/mm2, however the strain increased at range 0,059 - 0,2. The milling results showed that the percentage of headed rice was still up to SNI grade with water content increasing which is 25,6 - 65,5 %, however broken and groats rice were out of SNI grade. Keywords: Unhulled rice, mechanical properties, physical properties, East Java, SNI Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Darmanto Darmanto)

10	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-111
Study of the Effect of Passion Fruit Concentration Variation and Fermentation Time on Organoleptic Quality, Alcohol Content, Antioxidant Activity and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Rosella-Passion Fruit Kombucha. Dewi Pujiastuti Pratiwi Pribadi*, Muhammad Reza Pratama, Candika Pambayun Putra, Bambang Dwi Argo Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia, dewipujiast[at]student.ub.ac.id Abstract Kombucha is a traditional fermented drink obtained from the fermentation process of tea and sugar solutions with the help of microorganism cultures. Kombucha fermentation in this study used rosella tea as raw material and added passion fruit. The addition of passion fruit is done to increase the content of vitamins, organic acids and other antioxidants, which can add properties to the health of the body. The fermentation process in kombucha is carried out using two treatments, namely variations in the concentration of adding passion fruit 8%, 10%, and 12% (w/v) and variations in fermentation time of 4, 8, and 12 days. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of treatment on organoleptic quality, alcohol content, antioxidant activity value, and several chemical physical characteristics, such as acidity (pH), total dissolved solids, and total acid. This study used a Group Randomized Design with the Two Way ANOVA data analysis method and continued DMRT further test with a level of alpha = 5%. From the organoleptic test, kombucha rosella with 10% passion fruit administration and fermentation for 4 days was the best sample, while 8% passion fruit administration and fermentation for 12 days were the worst samples based on panelists^ acceptability. In addition, the results showed that variations in both treatments resulted in an increase in alcohol content, an increase in antioxidant activity, an increase in total titrated acid, a decrease in total dissolved solids, and a significant decrease in pH. The value of the tested variable experienced a rapid change from the 4th fermentation day to the 8th fermentation day and the change decreased from the 8th fermentation day to the 12th fermentation day. Variations in fermentation time caused more significant changes in the test variable compared to variations in the concentration of passion fruit addition. Keywords: Alcohol content, Antioxidant activity, Kombucha, Organoleptic, Passion Fruit, Physical and chemical properties, Rosella tea Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Pujiastuti Pratiwi Pribadi)

11	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-121
The Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Spectrum and Light Duration on Growth and Yield of Brassica sinensis L. using Floating Raft Hydroponic System Budi Priyonggo*, Arvi Regia Putri, Andy Saryoko Agricultural Water Management, Indonesian Agriculture Engineering Polytechnic, Ministry of Agriculture. Jl. Sinarmas Boulevard, Pagedangan,Kab. Tangerang, Banten, Kode Pos 15338, Indonesia *corresponding author: priyonggobudi20[at]gmail.com Abstract Recent technology in agriculture allows vegetable cultivation in controlled environment by utilizing energy derived from artificial light. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) is a source of artificial light which produce light with the wavelength ranged from ultraviolet - 100 nm to infrared - 3,000 nm. Under natural or artificial light condition, plants require energy for photosynthesis from light between 380 nm to 700 nm. In this study we examined the use of two types of 45 watt LED (red and blue - C1, full spectrum - C2) with three different light durations (12 h - D1, 16 h - D2, and 18 h - D3) on the growth and yield performance of brassica under hydroponic technique. Research result showed that full spectrum LED provided better performance in plant height, leaves number and width, fresh yield, root length, and biomass in all combinations with light duration as compared to red and blue LED. The combination of full spectrum LEDs with a duration of 16 h showed the best fresh yield (3.96 kg m-2) followed by 18 h (3.57 kg m-2) and 12 h (3.22 kg m-2). Although the highest production was resulted from the combination of full spectrum LED and 16 h light duration, the most efficient in electric energy utilization was showed in the combination of full spectrum LED and 12 h light duration. All in all, we concluded that the use of full spectrum LED in combination with 16 h light duration feasible to be implemented in brassica cultivation under controlled environment. Keywords: hydroponic, LED, light, spectrum, vegetable Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Budi Priyonggo)

12	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-126
Root Zone Cooling in the Vegetative Stage of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) using Hydroponics Wick System with Time and Temperature Treatments Gunomo Djoyowasito, Annisa Noor Sasmita, Wiryaningtyas Setya Winahyu, Joko Prasetyo Department of Biosystem and Agricultural Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia Abstract Hydroponics is currently an alternative as an effort to overcome the problem of limited land. Hydroponics can be done with various techniques, one of which is by using a wick system using rockwool as the planting medium. To provide optimal results in the use of hydroponic wick systems, namely by using a root zone cooling system. Root zone cooling is a method of modifying the microclimate through limited cooling of the plant environment in the root or crown area of plants that can stimulate endogenous gibbrellins cell division and increase the activity of auxin hormones in plants, one of which is in shallots. The object of this research is to design a hydroponic wick system and compare the effect of temperature variations and cooling duration on the shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) vegetative period (35 days after planting). This research uses simple Peltier TEC-12706 cooling, XH-W109 controller, and temperature sensor. The cultivation technique used in the study used three cooling temperatures (15, 20, and 25OC) and two cooling exposure times (4 and 8 hours). The cooling exposure was carried out from 08.00 AM to 04.00 PM Western Indonesian Time (WIB). The results of research conducted for 35 days showed that the highest plant height was obtained at 25OC for 8 hours with an average of 20.8 cm. For the number of leaves, the highest data was obtained in the 20OC treatment for 8 hours with an average of 15 leaves. As for the greenness index, the highest data was obtained at 25OC for 8 hours with an average of 26.8. Keywords: Hydroponic,, Wick System, Root Zone Cooling, Shallot Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ANNISA NOOR SASMITA)

13	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-129
Tropical Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biofuel Production: A Comprehensive Review Dwi Setiawan, Inggit Kresna Maharsih, Agung Cahyono Biosystems Engineering Department, Agricultural Technology Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract Biofuel generation is a viable alternative to fossil fuels, but it necessitates the use of effective and sustainable catalysts. Tropical waste-based heterogeneous catalysts are promising candidates because they may take advantage of abundant and low-cost biomass supplies like agricultural wastes, animal manure, and food waste. These catalysts can be prepared by various methods, such as calcination, impregnation, and sol-gel, to enhance their activity, selectivity, and stability. They can also overcome the drawbacks of homogeneous and enzymatic catalysts, such as high cost, corrosion, separation difficulty, and low reusability. This study summarizes current breakthroughs in the synthesis, characterization, and use of heterogeneous catalysts based on tropical waste for biofuel generation. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities for future research and development in this field. Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysts, biofuel, tropical, waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Setiawan)

14	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-131
Modular System Of Jajar Legowo Rice Transplanter Supports The Optimization Of Utilization In Terraced Fields Athoillah Azadi (a,b*), Tineke Mandang (a), Wawan Hermawan (a), Mardison S. (b) a) Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural Institute Jalan Raya Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor 16680, Indonesia *athillah.azadi[at]gmail.com b) Indonesian Agricultural Engineering Polytechnic, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture Jalan Sinarmas Boulevard No 1, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15338, Indonesia Abstract One of the challenges in operating rice transplanters in terraced fields is the difficult access to farm roads, varying heights of terraces, and the size of the terraced plots. One solution to these problems is to use a modular or knock-down method, allowing the machine, which has an average weight of 168-180 kg per unit, to be divided into several parts so that farmers or operators can carry the machine through terraced roads. The machine can be divided into three modules, which are the main driving and transmission unit, right and left wheel transmission unit, and feeding system unit. The consideration in determining the module is the ease and speed of assembly and disassembly, human transportation ability, the strength and reliability of module connections, and ergonomic aspects. Most of the module components of the rice transplanter are made of ST37 steel and S45C carbon steel hardened. Various metal joining methods, such as clamping systems, bolts, threads, pins, and welding, are used for connection. The modular frame of a planting machine will undergo repeated dynamic loads during use, such as shocks, vibrations, and repeated stresses. This can cause material fatigue and reduce the lifespan of the planting machine frame. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct natural frequency and dynamic load analyses on the planting machine frame to ensure its strength and durability against the received loads. Keywords: Rice transplanter, Terraced fields, Modular, Jajar Legowo, Dynamic load analyses Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Athoillah Azadi)

15	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-135
Whiteness Index of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Ika Atsari Dewi*, Ezra Ambarita, Ardhina Sevi Agselina, Dewi Zharfaningsih, Arie Febrianto Mulyadi, Hendrix Yulis Setyawan Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia *ikaatsaridewi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are a waste product from palm oil processing and contain 45.95% cellulose. Nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) is a cellulose derivative product isolated from cellulose crystalline zones with good physical properties. CNC isolation can generally be carried out by the strong acid hydrolysis method, but it tends to damage the environment,low yield, and cause corrosion. Therefore, the ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method was developed because it has low toxicity, high solubility, and low operating costs. The CNC isolation process is affected by process conditions, which include reagent concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. In this study, CNC was obtained through the APS oxidation method with a combination of APS concentration (1M-1.5M-2M) and oxidation temperature (60C, 70C, 80C) for 16 hours. The highest yield (42.42%) was obtained in a treatment with an APS concentration of 1M and an oxidation temperature of 80C. CNC with the highest whiteness index (81.94%) was obtained in treatment with 2M APS concentration at 80C. Keywords: APS Oxidation, Nanocrystalline Cellulose, OPEFB, Whiteness Index, Yield Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ezra Ambarita)

16	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-139
Effect of KOH Solvent Concentration and Ultrasonication Time in Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) Pretreatment on Lignocellulosic Characteristics of Empty Oil Palm Bunches Ika Atsari Dewi (a*), Dewi Zharfaningsih(a), Ezra Ambarita (a), Ardhina Sevi Agselina (a), Sri Suhartini (a), Hendrix Yulis Setyawan (a) Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Barwijaya, Jl Veteran< Malang 65145, Indonesia *Ikaatsaridewi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Tittle : Effect of KOH Solvent Concentration and Ultrasonication Time in Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) Pretreatment on Cellulose Characteristics of Empty Oil Palm Bunches Oil Palm Empty Bunch (EFB) has a lignocellulosic component containing lignin (25.83%), hemicellulose (23.24%) and cellulose (33.25%). The high cellulose component in OPEFB can be maximally utilized as a raw material, one of which can be used as a reinforcing agent of various polymer composites. This is because cellulose has a degree of crystallinity and characteristics that can form hydrophilic properties, high mechanical properties, large surface area, low density, and biodegradable. To obtain cellulose with a high degree of crystallinity and suitable characteristics, a pretreatment process is required. The pretreatment process used the Akali-Ultrasonic combination method using variations in the concentration of KOH solution of 2%, 5%, and 8% w/v and ultrasonic time lengths of 10, 30, and 50 minutes with the control sample used being OPEFB without Alkali-Ultrasonic treatment. In this study, the results of the pretreatment process obtained a yield of 41.32% obtained at 2% KOH concentration and 30 minutes of ultrasonic time. The best treatment for the lignocellulosic test obtained was 5% KOH concentration and 50 minutes ultrasonic time with 15.53% lignin, 5.73% hemicellulose, and 72.85% cellulose. Keywords: Cellulose, Lignocellulosic, Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEFB), Pretreatment, Ultrasonic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Zharfaningsih)

17	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-144
Design and Performance of Soybean Seeds Sorting Machine Based on Image Processing Mas Wisnu Aninditya (a*), Wawan Hermawan (b), Slamet Widodo (b) a) Indonesian Agricultural Engineering Polytechnic, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture Jalan Sinarmas Boulevard No.1, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15338, Indonesia b) Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University Jalan Raya Dramaga, Babakan, Kec. Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680 *maswisnua[at]gmail.com Abstract One of the obstacles in increasing soybean production in Indonesia is the ability to supply good quality soybean seeds. Indonesia is still constrained by the manual sorting system, which has low capacity and relatively low quality of sorting results. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to design a machine that is able to sort soybean seeds with a higher capacity, good results quality, and at an affordable price for farmers. The designed machine has a sieving system for sorting standard-sized seeds, a seed image capture and image processing system for selecting mature seeds, and an ejector system for removing rejected seeds. The prototype then was tested to evaluate the sorting performance, using soybean seeds of Anjasmoro var. The test results showed that the accuracy of the image processing was 79% and the accuracy of the ejector was 89%. The sorting capacity is directly proportional to the seed feeding rate, in which the sorting capacity was 3.5 kg/h at 3 seeds/s feeding rate. Keywords: Image processing, Performance, Sorting machine, Soybean seed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mas Wisnu Aninditya)

18	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-160
Investigating the Performance of Electric Rotary Mini Tiller Dahna Shofie Hanifah (a*), Muhammad Daniswara (b), Arief Wicaksono (a), Muharfiza (a) a) Indonesian Agricultural Engineering Polytechnic, Ministry of Agriculture. Jl. Sinarmas Boulevard No. 1, Pagedangan, Kab. Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. 15338 b) PT. Honda Power Products Indonesia. Kawasan Industri Pulogadung, Jakarta (JIEP). Jl. Rawa Gelam IV No. 14, Jatinegara, Cakung, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia. 13930. *) Correponding Author: dahnahanifah[at]gmail.com Abstract Mini tiller is one of the agricultural machineries used as a secondary soil processing for narrow fields. In general, it is equipped with a 4-stroke gasoline engine. Internal combustion engines are considered as one of the contributors to carbon emissions in the world, so it is necessary to find alternative energy uses. One of the famous alternative energies is electricity. Nowadays, the utilization of electrification in human life is widespread, for example, for an electric vehicle. However, the implementation of electrification in the agricultural sector has not been extensively adopted. This research investigated the performance and energy consumption of a local brand mini tiller (Cakar Baja) coupled with a Honda electric powertrain. Results showed that applying an electric mini tiller on flat and dry land can smoothly process the soil. Furthermore, the field capacity of this electric mini tiller showed 0.11 ha/h with an effective field capacity of 0.07 ha/h. During performance testing, it showed a field efficiency of 80%, which means low energy use costs. This electric mini tiller demonstrates the opportunity to use it as future agricultural machinery for a household with a small agricultural ground. Keywords: Mini tiller, Agriculture electrification, Field capacity, Effective field capacity, Energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dahna Shofie Hanifah)

19	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-162
Validation of Grain Moisture Meter for Tropical Vegetable Seeds Moisture Content Chotimatul Azmi (a)*, Imas Rita Saadah (a), Asih K. Karjadi (a), Prasodjo Soedomo (a), Astiti Rahayu (b), Nurmalita Waluyo (b) a) Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java Indonesia *chotimazmi[at]yahoo.com b) Indonesian Institute for Testing Instrument Standard of Vegetable Crop, Indonesian Center for Testing of Horticulture Standard Institute, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Instrument Standardization, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Tangkuban Perahu 517 Lembang, West Bandung, 40391, West Java, Indonesia Abstract The standard method for seed moisture determination is the low-constant temperature oven method. Rapid determination of seed moisture content can use a moisture meter, but we must calibrate and validate first with the standard method. LDS-1G Grain Moisture Meter is recommended for only twenty types of samples (seed or seed meal). Seven tropical vegetable seeds (chickpeas, chili, cucumber, kangkong, long beans, tomatoes, and spinach) were used to validate the LDS-1G Grain Moisture Meter compared to the oven method. The paired t-test result showed no significant difference between the Oven Method and LDS-1G Grain Moisture Meter on moisture content measurement of cucumber, kangkong, long beans, and tomato. The LDS-1G Grain Moisture Meter could predict seed moisture content significantly differently with the chickpea, chili, and spinach seeds oven method. The recommended codes when measuring the moisture content of tropical vegetable seeds using LSD-1G Grain moisture meter, are as follows: cucumber on P6 and P7 codes- kangkong on codes P5, P6, P10, P11, and P12- long beans on codes P6, P7, P10, P11, and P12- and tomatoes on codes P3, P6, P10, P11, and P12. Keywords: Determination- LDS-1G Grain Moisture- Learning machine- Rapid machine Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chotimatul Azmi)

20	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-163
Feature Selection based on Wrapper Method to Classify Purity of Palm Civet Coffee Shinta Widyaningtyas (a*), Muhammad Arwani (a), Sucipto (b), Yusuf Hendrawan (c), Ircham Ali (d) (a) Department of Agroindustrial Techonology, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia, Jl.Taman Amir Hamzah 5, Jakarta Pusat, 10320, Indonesia (b) Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia (c) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia (d) Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Indonesia, Jl.Taman Amir Hamzah 5, Jakarta Pusat, 10320, Indonesia Abstract Palm Civet Coffee is one of the specialty coffee and well known as the rarest coffee due to their limited production. This causes green bean palm civet coffee counterfeited with regular green bean coffee. However, the absence of tools and methods to classify Palm Civet Coffee coffee counterfeiting makes the sensing methods development urgent. Classify purity in Palm Civet Coffee can be utilize machine vision as nondestructive sensing. Machine vision can extract 101 image features consist 8 color features, 3 morphological features, and 90 textural features. The purpose of this study is identify the optimal subset features to classify purity of palm civet coffee. In this study, wrapper method feature selection based on K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) Classifier with 13 algorithms used to select informative image features based on accuracy and f1-score. The result showed that Sine Cosine Algorithm had best performance as a feature selection technique with accuracy and f1-score at 0,975 with the selected features are S_HSV Contrast, Blue_Variance, Gray_Variance, S_HSV Variance. Keywords: Feature Selection, Machine Vision, Palm Civet Coffee, Purity, Wrapper Method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shinta Widyaningtyas)

21	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-165
Kinetic Study of Ethanol Removal from Kombucha Using Vacuum Bubbling Dina Wahyu Indriani, Muhammad Yusuf Ibrahim, Yusron Sugiarto, Anang Lastriyanto* Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran Malang, 65145 Indonesia Email corespondence: anangl[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage that contains alcohol produced by the metabolic activity of yeast cells during fermentation. However, excessive alcohol content in kombucha can be undesirable for some consumers. Therefore, a kinetic study is needed to understand the process of ethanol removal from kombucha. The objective of this research is to investigate the kinetics of ethanol removal from kombucha using vacuum bubbling. Vacuum bubbling is a technique that involves subjecting the kombucha to reduced pressure, which can enhance the removal of volatile compounds such as ethanol. The research is expected to provide insights into the kinetics of ethanol removal from kombucha using vacuum bubbling. The results will help optimize the vacuum bubbling process for efficient ethanol removal while preserving the desired sensory characteristics of kombucha. This research is significant as it addresses the need for developing methods to reduce the ethanol content in kombucha, making it suitable for consumers who prefer low-alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages. The result show that more than 78% ethanol was remove by using vacuum bubbling. The findings can contribute to the development of commercial processes for ethanol reduction in kombucha production. Keywords: Ethanol- Kombucha- Removal- Vacuum Bubbling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dina Wahyu Indriani)

22	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-187
Drying Kinetics of Aster (Chrysanthemum morifolium var. Remix Purple) and Rose (Rosa sp.) Flowers under Vacuum Drying La Choviya Hawa, Dimas Firmanda Al Riza, Dwi Setiawan, Gendis Salsa Andhayu, Khansa Nadelia Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem Study Program Universitas Brawijaya Abstract The processing of flowers into dried blooms can reduce the moisture content and yield more enduring artistic products, especially for Rustic-themed artworks. Vacuum drying holds significant potential for flower drying applications. Vacuum drying accelerates the drying process compared to natural drying and can be carried out at lower temperatures than conventional drying. The objective of this study is to analyze changes in moisture content and drying rates for the roses and asters, establish mathematical kinetic models for drying rates, and analyze color changes occurring during the drying process. The research findings indicate that the drying rate of roses is faster than that of asters, and the addition of adsorbents slows down the drying process. The lowest moisture content for the roses and asters, either with and without adsorbents were 54.84 percent, 45.41 percent, 70.40 percent, and 64.97 percent, respectively. The best kinetic model for the drying of the roses and asters, with and without the addition of adsorbents, is the Two-term model. Pink rose change in color to purplish-pink, becoming dry on the outer surface and shrinkage. As a result of the drying process, the petals and tips of purple asters get shrinkage and acquire a darker purple tint. Keywords: vacuum drying, roses, asters, flower, drying kinetics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Choviya Hawa)

23	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-193
Photostability and antimicrobial study of different phases of TiO2 thin films Endrika Widyastuti1, Jue-Liang Hsu2, Claire Chung3, and Ying Chieh Lee 4,5* 1 Department of Food science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia- endrika_w[at]ub.ac.id 2 Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan- jlhsu[at]mail.npust.edu.tw 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA- cchung43[at]jh.edu 4 Institute of Precision Electronic Components, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan- yc56[at]mail.nsysu.edu.tw Abstract Direct current magnetron sputtering was used for generating titanium thin films on glass substrates. In order to develop TiO2 thin films, Ti thin films were thermally oxidized to promote oxygen diffusion from the air to the thin film layer. The influence of oxidation temperature on Ti thin film^s structural, morphological, photocatalytic, photostability, and antimicrobial properties has been addressed in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the non-stochiometric TiO2 (Ti0.895O.77) was found at a 400 oC oxidation temperature. However, increased oxidation temperatures will transform Ti0.895O.77 into the anatase/rutile TiO2 phase. Moreover, the mixed anatase-rutile phase on Ti thermally oxidized at 500 oC exhibits 54% photocatalytic performance under UV irradiation, with high photostability after five degradation cycles. The optical and photocatalytic properties of these thin films depend on the film^s phase structure and morphology, which are affected by oxidation temperature. The rate of microbial inhibition increased considerably (p < 0.05) with increasing irradiation time against effectiveness values of around 98.70, 99.87, and 93.67 % for E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively. These findings suggest that a critical factor in producing effective photocatalytic activity and antimicrobial effectiveness of Ti thin films is thermal oxidation temperature. Therefore, the thermal oxidation process for oxide surface growth of Ti to form TiO2 gives a simpler, more efficient, and better cost-effective method. Keywords: Thermal oxidation- Photostability- TiO2 thin films- Irradiation time Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Endrika Widyastuti)

24	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-197
THE INFLUENCE OF SEED SEPARATION TECHNIQUES AND DRYING TEMPERATURE IN A DEHUMIDIFIED DRYING MACHINE FOR TOMATO SEED PRODUCTION Hermanto M B, Susilo B, Lutfi M, Damayanti R, Yanti A F, Irshafiyah Z M Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, Jawa Timur, 65145 1ndonesia corresponding author: mbhermanto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a horticultural plant that has high economic value consumed as fresh fruit or as a processed product. However, this plant still requires serious handling, especially in tomato seeds. Because they are coated with quite slimy flesh, tomato seeds need to be extracted using the right method so that the flesh layer can be cleaned optimally. Apart from that, tomato seeds that have been extracted generally have a high water content so the seeds will be damaged and the viability of the seeds will decrease more quickly. Therefore, it is also necessary to dry the seeds properly so that the water content in the seeds can be lower, but the quality of the seeds is maintained. The research was carried out experimentally using a 2 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, namely separation technique (soaking for 24 hours, with HCl, with 10% Na2CO3) and temperature in a dehumidified drying machine (30 C, 40 C, 50 C, 60 C). Based on research results, the drying time of tomato seeds is influenced by the temperature and initial water content of the tomato seeds. The highest germination and vigor index percentage was found in the soaking treatment with HCl for 2 hours with a drying temperature of 40 C. The interaction between separation technique and drying temperature has no significant effect on germination and vigor index, while separation technique and drying temperature each have a significant effect on germination and vigor index of tomato seeds. Keywords: Tomato Seeds, Drying, Separation, Temperature, RH, Germination, Vigor Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochamad Bagus Hermanto)

25	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-198
Machine Learning Driven by Fluorescence Imaging for Predicting Piperine Content in Javanese Long Pepper Sandra, Retno Damayanti, Rut Juniar Nainggolan, Mitha Sa^diyah, Anita Sekar Kusumastuti, Siska Ratna Anggraeni, Yusuf Hendrawan Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia *damayanti[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The conventional method for determining piperine content involves a series of labor-intensive steps, including drying the pepper samples, grinding them, and then extracting them using high-grade ethanol through a reflux method. While effective, this process is time-consuming and resource-intensive, posing limitations in terms of efficiency and the ability to address potential variations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore more efficient and rapid approaches for accurately measuring and predicting piperine content, with machine learning approach. This research aims to explore the potential of using fluorescence imaging methods and ANN models to increase the efficiency of measuring piperine content on Javanese long pepper. We propose a machine learning approach using UV-induced fluorescence imaging of Javanese long pepper. UV LEDs (365 nm) induced fluorescence, with color variation indicating piperine content. An artificial neural network (ANN) model, trained on color texture features from fluorescence images, predicted piperine content, achieving an R2 value of 0.88025 with ten selected features using the One-R attribute. The final ANN, configured with ^trainoss^ learning, ^tansig^ activation, 0.1 learning rate, and 10-40-10 nodes, demonstrated a testing R2 of 0.8943 and MSE of 0.0875. LED-induced fluorescence enhances machine learning^s piperine content prediction. This research contributes to more efficient piperine content measurement methods. Keywords: Artificial neural network- Fluorescence imaging- Piperin- Wavelength Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Retno Damayanti)

26	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-199
Exploring Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Microbial Bioprospecting and Enzyme Characteristics (A Review) Elya Mufidah1*, Yusuf Wibisono1, Bambang Dwi Argo1, Mamoru Wakayama2, Dyah Muji Rahayu3 1 Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 2 Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525- 8577, Japan 3Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-Muaro Bulian Street, 36361, Jambi, Indonesia *Email correspondence: elyamufidah1985[at]ub.ac.id Abstract This review delves into the burgeoning field of lactic acid production, a versatile compound with applications spanning various industries. Lactic acid^s diverse applications, from food preservation to bioplastics, have fueled research into efficient production methods. Lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a sustainable and abundant feedstock for lactic acid production, mitigating environmental and ethical concerns associated with conventional sources. However, converting lignocellulose into lactic acid poses challenges, necessitating innovative strategies for effective valorization. The review identifies the need for a sustainable increase in lactic acid production from lignocellulose, highlighting the limitations of current production methods and emphasizing the potential of lignocellulosic biomass. The complex structure of lignocellulosic materials necessitates thorough pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for efficient conversion, while inhibitors from pretreatment processes can affect microbial growth and decrease conversion efficiency. The objective of this review is to explore lactic acid production potential through microbial bioprospecting for lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms and a detailed analysis of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme characteristics. Microbial bioprospecting aims to identify microorganisms capable of efficient lignocellulosic substrate degradation, concurrently yielding lactic acid. This dual-benefit approach aligns with circular economy principles and waste utilization. Additionally, understanding lactate dehydrogenase enzyme characteristics, central to the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, offers insights into optimizing production processes and expanding industrial applications. Overall, this multifaceted approach encompasses scientific advancements, environmental sustainability, and industrial progress, embodying interdisciplinary exploration and discovery in the pursuit of sustainable lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass. Keywords: Lactic Acid- Lignocellulosic Biomass- Microbial- Bioprospecting- Enzyme Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elya Mufidah)

27	Agricultural Engineering	ABS-204
Optimization of D-lactic acid production using unutilized biomass as substrates by Multiple Parallel Fermentation Yolanita Sari Pradhita(1), Elya Mufidah(1)*, Mamoru Wakayama(2) (1)Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia (2)Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525- 8577, Japan *email correspondence: elyamufidah1985[at]ub.ac.id Abstract This study investigated the optimization of D-lactic acid production from an unutilized biomass, banana peel and corncob by Multiple Parallel Fermentation with Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Aspergillus awamori. Keywords: Optimization- D-lactic acid- Unutilized Biomass- Multiple Parallel Fermentation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elya Mufidah)

28	Agricultural product technology	ABS-2
Optimization of Ohmic Heated Oil Extraction from Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) Pulp using Response Surface Methodology Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah (a, b*), Olivia Janam Dani Lalo (a), Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah (a), Rosnah Shamsudin (c), Abd Halim Md Ali (d), Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri (c), Hasfalina Che Man (a, b), Sukardi Gatuk Abdulloh (e) a) Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *hazwanhamzah[at]upm.edu.my b) SMART Farming Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia c) Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia d) Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e) Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia Abstract A proposed method for dabai essential oil was developed with the application of ohmic heated extraction (OHE). The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology based on central composite design. The optimum parameters were determined as reaction time: 15 minutes, voltage: 40 V, temperature: 70C, resulting in dabai pulp oil yield of 22.07%. The reliability of regression model was demonstrated through experiments utilising same optimum parameters, which produced an average oil yield of 23.12%. The dabai pulp oil extracted from OHE yielded higher than Soxhlet method (SE) which yielded 19.49%. The chemical, physical and morphology properties of dabai oil and pulp extracted using both extraction methods were determined. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy was performed and results indicated that major constituents of dabai pulp oils for different extraction methods were nonanal, 2-Decenal, nonanoic acid and octanal. The results of refractive index and specific gravity at 20C for OHE and SE were 0.623 and 1.01 and 0.625 and 1.02, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of dabai pulp of OHE provided evidence pores and agglomerates structure in comparison to SE and raw material. Results of this research revealed that OHE could be introduced as an alternative technology to conventional methods. Keywords: dabai, essential oil, extraction, ohmic heating, response surface methodology Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah)

29	Agricultural product technology	ABS-6
Effect of Different Sweetener and Concentration on Sensory and Chemical Attributes of Peeled and Un-peeled Coffee Kombucha Kiki Fibrianto(*) and Fadila Artameivia Aunura Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia *kiki.fibrianto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract In some parts of Indonesia, coffee is traditionally produced by conventional processes without peeling the bean^s outer skin (exocarp and mesocarp). Even though it has been a long practice among traditional coffee farmers, unpeeled coffee has a very limited market due to its sensory weakness and thus hardly meets international coffee standards. Therefore, product diversification can be a strategic approach to improving this sub-grade coffee^s economic value. One of the alternatives is developing the coffee into kombucha. Kombucha processing has been well known for its ability to transform non-delightful sensory attributes into something more acceptable. In this study, the effects of different sweeteners and concentrations were investigated and designed as a nested experiment. Both peeled and unpeeled coffee were brewed with the French-press technique and used as a medium for kombucha. Different sweeteners, such as sucrose, glucose, and a mixture of sucrose and honey, were also applied in ratios of 5, 10, and 15%. It was observed that both peeled and unpeeled coffee kombucha have a competitive level of sensory preference with similar total sugar, total acidity, and total dissolved solids (p-value > 0.05). Those were achieved by adding 15% sucrose for peeled coffee kombucha and 10% sucrose-honey mix for the unpeeled one. Keywords: Kombucha- sweetener- unpeeled coffee Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kiki Fibrianto)

30	Agricultural product technology	ABS-8
Physical Properties of Fresh Paddy (Oryza sativa) Cultivar MR297 Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah (a,b), Rosnah Shamsudin (a,c,*), Roseliza Kadir Basha (a), Radhiah Shukri (d), and Syahmeer How (a) a) Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia b) Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, 65145, Indonesia c) Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia d) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Email corresponding author: rosnahs[at]upm.edu.my Abstract An examination of the physical attributes of Fresh Harvested Paddy (Oryza sativa) MR297 is crucial in designing a post-harvest system that integrates sorting, cleaning, drying, milling, and storage. In this study, the length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter (Da), geometric mean diameter (Dg), equivalent diameter (De), true volume, calculated volume, surface area, projected areas (PAL, PAW, PAT), criteria projected area (CPA), true density, and bulk density of MR297 fresh paddy were measured to estimate the mass of MR 297 fresh paddy using sigmoid, power, linear, and quadratic functions. This study was performed at 17.5 % of moisture content. The models with the highest coefficient of determination (R^2) and lowest standard error of estimate (SEE) were recommended. Based on the observations, quadratic models became the best fit for mass prediction based on several physical parameters. However, the highest R^2 of the mass prediction was obtained by a model which utilized the calculated volume Y= 0.02766 + 0.00022 Vc with R^2=0.9770. Measuring three different axes toward the best-fitted model would still be required. For a model based on one single axis, the quadratic model with thickness is recommended for mass prediction (R^2 = 0.9665). The information obtained from this study will be useful in improving MR297 fresh paddy post-harvest handling. Keywords: Mass modeling, MR297 paddy, Physical properties, Prediction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah)

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