Tropical Waste-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biofuel Production: A Comprehensive Review Dwi Setiawan, Inggit Kresna Maharsih, Agung Cahyono
Biosystems Engineering Department, Agricultural Technology Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya
Abstract
Biofuel generation is a viable alternative to fossil fuels, but it necessitates the use of effective and sustainable catalysts. Tropical waste-based heterogeneous catalysts are promising candidates because they may take advantage of abundant and low-cost biomass supplies like agricultural wastes, animal manure, and food waste. These catalysts can be prepared by various methods, such as calcination, impregnation, and sol-gel, to enhance their activity, selectivity, and stability. They can also overcome the drawbacks of homogeneous and enzymatic catalysts, such as high cost, corrosion, separation difficulty, and low reusability. This study summarizes current breakthroughs in the synthesis, characterization, and use of heterogeneous catalysts based on tropical waste for biofuel generation. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities for future research and development in this field.
