Exploring Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Microbial Bioprospecting and Enzyme Characteristics (A Review) Elya Mufidah1*, Yusuf Wibisono1, Bambang Dwi Argo1, Mamoru Wakayama2, Dyah Muji Rahayu3
1 Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2 Dept. of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525- 8577, Japan
3Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Jambi, Jambi-Muaro Bulian Street, 36361, Jambi, Indonesia
*Email correspondence: elyamufidah1985[at]ub.ac.id
Abstract
This review delves into the burgeoning field of lactic acid production, a versatile compound with applications spanning various industries. Lactic acid^s diverse applications, from food preservation to bioplastics, have fueled research into efficient production methods. Lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a sustainable and abundant feedstock for lactic acid production, mitigating environmental and ethical concerns associated with conventional sources. However, converting lignocellulose into lactic acid poses challenges, necessitating innovative strategies for effective valorization. The review identifies the need for a sustainable increase in lactic acid production from lignocellulose, highlighting the limitations of current production methods and emphasizing the potential of lignocellulosic biomass. The complex structure of lignocellulosic materials necessitates thorough pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for efficient conversion, while inhibitors from pretreatment processes can affect microbial growth and decrease conversion efficiency. The objective of this review is to explore lactic acid production potential through microbial bioprospecting for lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms and a detailed analysis of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme characteristics. Microbial bioprospecting aims to identify microorganisms capable of efficient lignocellulosic substrate degradation, concurrently yielding lactic acid. This dual-benefit approach aligns with circular economy principles and waste utilization. Additionally, understanding lactate dehydrogenase enzyme characteristics, central to the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, offers insights into optimizing production processes and expanding industrial applications. Overall, this multifaceted approach encompasses scientific advancements, environmental sustainability, and industrial progress, embodying interdisciplinary exploration and discovery in the pursuit of sustainable lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass.
