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211	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-22
Evaluating Renal Time-Integrated Activity Coefficient in [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE Therapy: Simultaneous vs. Separate Kidney Modeling Using Non-linear Mixed-effects Modeling Indra Budiansah1, a), Assyifa R. Hakim1, Fira Dwi Ananda1, Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro 1,b), Deni Hardiansyah1, c) 1Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Medical Physics and Biophysics Division, Physics Department, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia a)indra.budiansah[at]ui.ac.id- b)supriyanto.p[at]sci.ui.ac.id- c)denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract This study aimed to compare renal time-integrated activity coefficients (TIACs) in [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy using non-linear mixed-effects modeling (NLMEM), by evaluating the effect of the fitting setting method of left and right kidney biokinetic data to TIAC calculation. Renal biokinetic data of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE were collected from ten patients with neuroendocrine tumors from literature (PMID:33443063). SPECT/CT imaging was performed between days 1 and 7 after-injection. The bi-exponential function parameters were fitted to biokinetic data using NLMEM performed using NONMEM software, with two fitting approaches: simultaneous fitting of both kidneys and separate fitting of the left and right kidneys. TIACs from the simultaneous fitting were defined as simultaneous TIACs (siTIACs), and those from separate fitting as separated TIACs (seTIACs). The differences between siTIACs and seTIACs were assessed using relative deviations (RDs), with seTIACs considered equivalent to siTIACs if RD was below 5%. The bi-exponential function successfully describes the renal biokinetic data. seTIACs showed good agreement with the siTIACs, with median[min, max] RD of -1.6[-4.5, 0.8]%. Simultaneous fitting of left and right kidneys biokinetic data using the NLMEM approaches produced similar TIACs to those obtained from separate fittings. Therefore, TIACs from simultaneous and separate fittings of renal biokinetic data are comparable and clinically applicable. Keywords: TIAC, NLMEM, NONMEM, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indra Budiansah)

212	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-308
Innovation of PVA-Silica Xerogel Composite Film as a Packaging Material with Thermal Insulation Capability Yusmaniar, Intan Fadia Andani, Futi Kusuma Hati1, Afrizal Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jln. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13320, Indonesia Abstract Uncontrolled temperature fluctuations are a major factor contributing to the deterioration of food products, leading to quality degradation, microbial growth, and an increased risk of foodborne illnesses. Therefore, the development of effective thermal insulation materials for packaging is crucial to maintaining food temperature and ensuring safety. This research focuses on developing a packaging film based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), combined with silica xerogel synthesized from rice husk ash. The film was fabricated using the casting method, incorporating varying concentrations of silica xerogel-specifically 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The results showed that the film containing 3% silica xerogel exhibited the optimal tensile strength, reaching 25.27 MPa. Additionally, higher concentrations of silica xerogel in the PVA/xerogel composite film were associated with longer environmental degradation times. Overall, the incorporation of silica xerogel into PVA films has proven effective in maintaining food shape and integrity, supporting its potential as a thermal insulation packaging material. Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusmaniar Yusmaniar)

213	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-58
Discriminating Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions Using Shape Descriptors in Ultrasound Syahril Siregar1, Zahra Azizah2, Djarwani Soeharso Soejoko1 1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia 2. Department of Computer and Informatics Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Prof. Dr. G.A. Siwabessy, Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok, 16425, Indonesia Abstract Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions in ultrasound imaging is essential for timely and appropriate clinical decision-making. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated high classification performance, their lack of interpretability poses challenges in understanding the morphological basis of their predictions. To address this, the present study emphasizes the use of interpretable, shape-based descriptors rather than texture-based features. Six Shape Factor Analysis metrics-minimum-to-maximum axis ratio, circularity, solidity, extent, elongation, and eccentricity-were extracted from a publicly available dataset containing labeled ultrasound images of breast lesions. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) applied to these metrics revealed a clear separation between benign and malignant categories using three latent variables, achieving a cross-validated accuracy of 0.924 and an F1-score of 0.857. All shape features contributed significantly to class distinction, with solidity, extent, and elongation identified as the most influential. Benign lesions exhibited higher values in circularity, solidity, extent, elongation, and eccentricity, reflecting their typically regular and well-defined morphology. Conversely, malignant lesions showed lower values, consistent with their irregular and infiltrative structure. These results underscore the potential of shape-based analysis as an interpretable and physiologically meaningful approach to improving breast lesion classification in ultrasound imaging. Keywords: Breast Cancer Detection, Ultrasound Imaging, Shape Factor Analysis, PLS-DA, Benign and Malignant Lesions Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syahril Siregar)

214	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-62
Pipeline for Visual Interpretability in Breast Cancer Classification Using Grad-CAM Zahra Azizah, Syahril Siregar Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Dept. of Computer and Informatics Engineering Universitas Indonesia, Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Abstract Breast cancer is a major health challenge, where early detection significantly improves outcomes. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve high accuracy in breast lesion classification, their lack of interpretability limits clinical adoption. This study presents a computer-aided pipeline for mammogram classification using the pre-trained ResNet-50 model for feature extraction and classification. Preprocessing steps include CLAHE for contrast enhancement, YOLO for Region of Interest detection, and data augmentation to mitigate limited dataset challenges. To address interpretability, Grad-CAM is integrated, providing feature-based visualizations aligned with expert-identified abnormalities. Our pipeline demonstrates robust performance on CC view images with high precision and accuracy while highlighting challenges in MLO view analysis due to variability and model sensitivity. Grad-CAM enhances transparency, supporting radiologists in validating predictions. This approach improves diagnostic accuracy and trustworthiness, paving the way for more effective breast cancer screening. Future efforts will focus on refining MLO view performance and validating across larger datasets. Keywords: breast cancer, mammography, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), pre-trained ResNet-50, Grad CAM, data preprocessing, medical image analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zahra Azizah)

215	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-68
Effects of ion recombination on high dose rate electron using TRS-398, AAPM TG-51, and modified methods Ratna Sari Dewi (a*), Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro (a), Dwi Seno Kuncoro (a) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java Indonesia *ratna.sari14[at]ui.ac.id Abstract Aims: Precise dosimetry is essential for ensuring the effectiveness and safety of radiation therapy, particularly in High Dose Rate Electron (HDRE) beams, which exhibit a higher ionization density compared to conventional electron beams. At elevated dose rates, significant charge recombination effects may impose limitations on certain ionization chambers, potentially affecting measurement accuracy. This study aims to evaluate ion recombination (Ks) and polarity effects (Kpol) to determine the most appropriate dosimetry measurement protocol for clinical applications. Materials & methods: Measurement were performed on LINAC VersaHD, Elekta using ionization chamber IBA PPC40, FC65-P and CC13 at 6 MeV and 10 MeV in HDRE mode. The chambers were positioned at Z placement and a 100 cm SSD. Ks and Kpol were evaluated at voltages of 100 to 400 V using methods from TRS-398, AAPM TG-51, and Modified methods. The modified methods involves a Zplacement shifting correction = 1.39 mm (muir) for IBA PPC40. Results: Ks values decreased by approximately 0.1% to 0.2% as the voltage increased from 200 V to 400 V. The PPC40 exhibited the lowest Ks value of 1.0099 at 400 V, while the FC65-P exhibited the highest Ks value of 1.0735 at 200 V, exceeding TG 51 and TRS 398 recommendation (Ks<1.05). All Kpol values remained within the acceptable limits, with deviations of less than 0.4% from the ideal chamber readings. Conclusion: The results show that PPC40 with all three methods at a higher voltage (400 V) than the recommended (300 V) effectively reduces recombination effects, enhancing charge collection efficiency, lowering Ks values, and maintaining Kpol value at acceptable limits. Keywords: HDRE- Charge collection efficiency- Ionization chamber Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ratna Sari Dewi)

216	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-72
The Effects of Intra-Individual Variability Setting on the Accuracy of Time-Integrated Activity Calculations Fira Dwi Ananda (a), Assyifa Rahman Hakim (a), Rien Ritawidya (b), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id b) Research Center for Radioisotope Technology, Radiopharmaceuticals, and Biodosimetry, Nuclear Power Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Indonesia Abstract Background: Accurate estimation of kidney time-integrated activity (TIA) is essential for treatment planning in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). In the context of pharmacokinetic modeling, the intraindividual variability (IAV) setting-associated with measurement uncertainty-can influence TIA estimates. This study investigates the impact of varying IAV settings on TIA calculation. Methods: Kidney biokinetic data following [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE administration were obtained from 10 patients with neuroendocrine tumors using serial SPECT/CT imaging. A Nonlinear Mixed-Effects (NLME) model was used for TIA estimation. In Method 1, reference TIA (rTIA) was calculated by estimating both interindividual variability and IAV. In Method 2, IAV was fixed at half (hTIA) and twice (tTIA) the value obtained in Method 1. The influence of altered IAV on TIA accuracy was evaluated by comparing hTIA and tTIA against rTIA using relative deviation (RD), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results: Fixing IAV at half the reference value resulted in RMSE and MAPE of 4% and 3%, respectively. Furthermore, doubling the IAV led to an RMSE of 13% and MAPE of 10%. Conclusion: Modifying the IAV setting had a measurable impact on TIA accuracy when doubled, but a negligible effect when halved in our population biokinetic data. Keywords: PRRT, NLME, Intraindividual variability (IAV) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fira Dwi Ananda)

217	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-73
Preliminary Evaluation of AUC Estimation in Molecular Radiotherapy Using OpenDose and MATLAB CF Toolbox Chamrern Doeur1, Assyifa Rahman Hakim1, Deni Hardiansyah1*) 1Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, 16424 *) Corresponding author: denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract Aim: This study evaluated the accuracy of OPENDOSE software in calculating the area under the curve (AUC) in molecular radiotherapy, comparing its results with those from the Curve Fitting Tool (CFTool) with model selection in MATLAB. Methods: Patient data from the University of Michigan Deep Blue Data Repository (Patients 4 and 6) [1] injected with [177Lu] Lu-DOTATATE with activity of 7.21 GBq (patient 4) and 7.31 GBq (patient 6) were analyzed. Auto-segmented volumes of interest (spleen, kidneys, liver, and vertebrae) were processed in OPENDOSE to derive AUC values. In CFTool, time-activity curves were fitted using exponential models with different parameterization (f2, f3, f3a, and f3b), with model selection based on goodness-of-fit metrics (R2, adjusted R2, SSE, CV) and information criteria (BIC) to get the best exponential model. The best model for each organ was used to compute AUC, and relative deviations (RD) between OPENDOSE and CFTool results were assessed. The RD is considered acceptable if it is under 10% [2]. Results: We initially concentrated on assessing the RD of the AUC of the function utilized in CFTool following model selection, in comparison to the same function provided in OPENDOSE. In patient 4, the RD for the spleen, right kidney, left kidney, liver, L4, and L3 vertebrae were -0.44%, -0.11%, -0.34%, -0.68%, -0.55%, and -0.53%, respectively. In patient 6, the RD for the right kidney, left kidney, liver, L4, L3, and L2 vertebrae were 0.07%, -0.17%, -0.24%, -0.15%, -0.07%, and -0.01%, respectively. Conclusion: When the same fitting models are applied, OPENDOSE and CFTool exhibit a good agreement in AUCs, suggesting that both tools may provide accurate and comparable AUC values in molecular radiotherapy with very minor variations in most organs. This validation supports OPENDOSE as a reliable tool for dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy. References: [1] Dewaraja, YK., Van, BJ. (2021) [2] Hardiansyah D, et al. (2024) Keywords: Keywords: AUC, CFTool, Molecular radiotherapy, OPENDOSE Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chamrern Doeur)

218	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-81
Investigation of the Effect of Changing the Tolerated Dose for Kidney and Spleen on the Predicted Distribution of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE and Its Daughters in Alpha Therapy Rohma Novitasari (a), Asyifa Khoerunnisa (a), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) (a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract Background: Targeted radionuclide therapy with 212Pb-SSTA is a potentially effective approach for treating neuroendocrine cancers. Evaluating biodistribution and dosimetry in non-target organs like kidney and spleen, this study aims to minimize toxicity and improve therapeutic safety. Methods: A multicompartment model developed using SAAM II was used to analyze the kinetics of 212Pb-SSTA and its decay products (Bi-212, Tl-208, Pb-208) in kidney and spleen at graded doses of 1-6 Gy. This represents the fractional dose absorbed per cycle based on a total renal dose limit of 23 Gy over four treatment cycles. Area under the curve (AUC) calculated from the activity-time curves in each compartment, were used to assess radionuclide accumulation. Results: AUC analysis showed that Pb-212 contributed dominantly in most compartments. The highest activity in the kidney was found in the proximal tubule and excretory compartment. Using 6 Gy as a reference, the average relative deviation (RD) values of using the tolerated dose for kidneys of 1-5 Gy were 83%, 66%, 50%, 33%, and 16%, respectively. RD values at each dose showed a decrease with increasing dose. RD values did not show significant differences between radionuclide compartments. Conclusion: The radionuclide distribution has been analyzed, the effect of varying the maximum tolerated dose affects the AUC distribution in each compartment. Keywords: PBPK model, 212Pb-SSTA, compartment model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rohma Novitasari)

219	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-82
Study the Effect of Compartments in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of Alpha Therapy Using Ac-225 mcp-M-alb-PSMA to the AUC calculation Jenni Natalia Corebima (a), Rosa Desinta (a) Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract Background: [Ac-225]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA is used in targeted alpha therapy for prostate cancer. Compartmental modeling is essential to understand radiopharmaceutical distribution and identify high-risk organs. The kidneys, being critical organs susceptible to toxicity, require precise dose estimation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of each compartment in PBPK model on the AUC calculation for alpha therapy using [Ac-225]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA. Methods: Ex vivo biodistribution data for kidney uptake were obtained from 8-week-old LNCaP tumor-bearing SCID mice. PBPK modeling was performed using SAAM II software to estimate the area under the curve (AUC). The reference AUC (rAUC) was calculated based on a complete compartmental model structure of [225Ac]Ac-mcp-M-alb-PSMA. This rAUC was compared to the AUC estimates obtained after removal of each Ac-225 daughter (Fr-221, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209, and Tl-209) from the model. The effect was evaluated by comparing each modified AUC estimate to the rAUC using relative deviation (RD). Results: Removal of Fr-221-labeled pharmaceuticals showed the highest deviation in kidney AUC estimation, with an RD of 147%, followed by Fr-221-free (11%). Excluding other daughters showed a small effect on the calculated AUC. Conclusion: Fr-221-labeled pharmaceuticals significantly affected the AUC in the kidney. However, further validation with daughter radionuclide biokinetic data is needed to improve the reliability of the PBPK analysis. Keywords: Ac-225, PBPK, compartmental model, AUC Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jenni Natalia Corebima)

220	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-83
Investigation of the Effects of Compartments in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model on AUC Calculation in Alpha Therapy Using 212Pb-DOTAMTATE Asyifa Khoerunnisa (a), Rohma Novitasari (a), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a)Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract Background: [212Pb]Pb-DOTAMTATE has a purpose in targeted alpha therapy aimed at somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. Compartmental modeling, especially PBPK modeling, is crucial for understanding radiopharmaceutical distribution and estimating radiation doses to vital organs like the kidney and spleen. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of each compartment in the PBPK model on the calculation of area under the curve (AUC) during alpha therapy using 212Pb-DOTAMTATE. Methods: The 212Pb-DOTAMTATE-PBPK model was evaluated using published biokinetic data from [212Pb]Pb-DOTAMTATE in mice bearing AR42J xenografts. A complex model of 212Pb daughters (212Bi, 208Tl, and 208Pb) was created using SAAM II software. The effect of each compartment was assessed by removing the daughter radionuclides individually and comparing the resulting kidney and spleen AUC with the complex model AUC using relative deviation (RD). Results: The highest RD was observed for 212Bi-labeled compartments, with the kidney showing 397% and the spleen 285%. This was followed by 212Bi-free compartments, where the kidney showed 18% and the spleen 15%. Removal of 208Tl and 208Pb showed no significant impact. Conclusion: Dose estimates for kidney and spleen were significantly affected by the 212Bi-labeled compartment. The model requires further testing with radionuclides daughter data to be more reliable with the PBPK model. Keywords: 212Pb, PBPK, compartmental model, AUC Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asyifa Khoerunnisa)

221	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-84
Effect of Patient Gender on the Calculation of Time-Integrated Activity Coefficient in Radionuclide Therapy: A Study Using the Non-Linear Mixed-Effects Model Assyifa Rahman Hakim (a), Fira Dwi Ananda (a), Rien Ritawidya (b), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) (a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia * denihardiansyah[at]sci.ui.ac.id (b) Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia Abstract Purpose: This study investigates the influence of patient gender on the calculation of the Time-Integrated Activity Coefficient (TIAC) in radionuclide therapy. Methods: Kidney biokinetic data from 10 patients (6 males, 4 females) treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE were analyzed [1]. A bi-exponential function was used to model both the uptake and clearance phases. The reference TIAC (rTIAC) was determined by fitting bi-exponential parameters to the complete dataset using a Non-Linear Mixed-Effects Model (NLMEM). To assess gender impact, separate NLMEM fittings for male and female subgroups yielded estimated TIACs (eTIACs). rTIAC and eTIAC values were compared using Relative Deviation (RD) and Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE). Gender was deemed impactful if RD or RMSE exceeded 10%. Results: The RMSE was 7.2% for males and 8.8% for females. Among male patients, two individuals showed RD values exceeding 10% (i.e. 10.9% and -13.3%). Similarly, two female patients exhibited RD values beyond this threshold (i.e. -13.0% and 12.3%). Conclusion: For [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE therapy in this study^s tested biokinetic data, gender does not appear to be a major determinant in TIAC calculation, as deviations remain within an acceptable range for most patients. Reference: [1] Devasia TP, Dewaraja YK, Frey KA, Wong KK, Schipper MJ. J Nucl Med 2021-62:1118-25. Keywords: Gender, Time-Integrated Activity Coefficient, Radionuclide Therapy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Assyifa Rahman Hakim)

222	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-86
Study the accuracy of OpenDose3D Software Image Registration to Absorbed Dose Calculation of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE Patients Aulia Firma (a), Assyifa Rahman Hakim (a), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of image registration on absorbed dose calculations using OpenDose3D software. Patient imaging data were obtained from the Deep Blue Data repository at the University of Michigan Library. The dataset comprises imaging data from patients treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE, including three sequential quantitative SPECT acquisitions at 4-, 24-, 108- and 120- hours post-injection (p.i.), along with a corresponding CT scan acquired at 4 hours p.i. To simulate potential registration mismatches, linear transformations-consisting of rotational and translational adjustments-were systematically applied to the SPECT images. Relative deviation (RD) in absorbed dose (D) was then calculated by comparing transformed images to the original unaltered reference images. The RDs were found to be consistently close to zero in cases where the transformed images were registered to the reference volume. This indicates that the image registration functionality within OpenDose3D-particularly under appropriate acquisition conditions-performs with a high degree of reliability and precision. Therefore, it can be concluded that OpenDose3D is a robust and effective tool for image registration in the context of internal dosimetry following radionuclide therapy. REFERENCE [1] Dewaraja, YK., Van, BJ. (2021) Lu-177 DOTATATE Anonymized Patient Datasets: Multi-Time Point Lu-177 SPECT/CT Scans [Data set]. University of Michigan - Deep Blue. https://doi.org/10.7302/0n8e-rz46. Keywords: Lu-177- OpenDose3D- Registration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aulia Firma)

223	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-87
Impact of Varying the Maximum Tolerated Dose for Kidney on the Predicted Distribution of Ac-225-mcp-M-alb-PSMA and Its Daughters in Alpha Therapy Rosa Desinta (a), Jenni Natalia Corebima (a), Assyifa Rahman Hakim (a), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id Abstract Background: Actinium-225 is offering high cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy for prostate cancer. Accurate prediction of radiopharmaceutical biodistribution, organ dosimetry, and potential toxicity can be achieved through physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. This study aims to assess the impact of varying maximum tolerated renal doses on the predicted distribution of Ac-225-mcp-M-alb-PSMA and its daughters (Fr-221, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209, and Tl-209). Methods: A PBPK model adapted from Zaid et al. was evaluated using published biokinetic data from LNCaP tumor-bearing SCID mice. Simulations applied human physiological parameters with maximum renal absorbed doses ranging from 1 to 6 Gy per cycle. The area under the curve (AUC) for Ac-225 and its daughters was obtained from SAAM II for each compartment and analyzed relative to the 6 Gy reference dose. Results: The relative deviation (RD) of the AUC for Ac-225 and its daughters in each compartment was 83%, 67%, 50%, 33%, and 16% at doses of 1-5 Gy compared to 6 Gy. These RDs decreased with increasing dose. Conclusion: Variations in kidney dose influence AUC distribution. While daughter radionuclide toxicity may be inferred from parent data, further validation of PBPK model structures is needed to confirm these findings. Keywords: PBPK model, AUC, Ac-225 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rosa Desinta)

224	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-96
Effect of Manual Segmentation on the Accuracy of Calculated Absorbed Dose in Liver and Kidney: Comparison with the Automatic Mode in OpenDose3D Parinza Ananda (a), M. Dlorifun Naqiyyun (b), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id b) Nuclear Medicine Department, MRCCC Siloam Hospital, South Jakarta 12930, Indonesia Abstract Background: This study aimed to observe the effect of manual segmentation on the accuracy of absorbed dose calculations compared to automatic segmentation using OpenDose3D software in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) treated with Lu-177 DOTATATE. The clinical study included sequential quantitative SPECT/CT scan acquisition and rigid registration. Methods: The patient images used in this study were obtained from the University of Michigan Deep Blue data repository, including three SPECT/CT images acquired at multiple time points. For each volume of interest (VOI), absorbed dose values were calculated using both automatic (as the reference) and manual segmentation (as the comparison). The average relative deviation of the absorbed dose between manual and automatic segmentation was calculated to assess segmentation accuracy. Results: Based on absorbed dose values from manual segmentations compared to automatic segmentation, relative deviation varied across organs and time points. For the liver, deviations ranged from 1.74% to 8.66%- for the right kidney, from 5.82% to 10.35%. The left kidney showed the highest deviation, with values ranging from 4.69% to 19.15%. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the effect of manual segmentation on the accuracy of absorbed dose estimations relative to automatic segmentation. Keywords: Lu-177, OpenDose3D, Segmentation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Parinza Ananda)

225	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-121
Standard and Iterative Two Stage Approaches for Estimation of Area Under the Curve in Thyroid Disease Dosimetry Hany Putri Yuliati (a), Bisma Barron Patrianesha (b), Deni Hardiansyah (a*) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *denihardiansyah[at]ui.ac.id b) Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan Abstract Background: The optimal dose estimation of 131I for thyroid disease depends on the accuracy of the area under the curve (AUC) of time-activity curve. The individual fitting (IF) method is commonly used as the standard for AUC estimation. However, fitting with inclusion of population-information such as the Standard Two Stage (STS) and Iterative Two Stage (ITS) methods might provide alternatives. This study aims to evaluate and compare the calculated AUC from STS and ITS methods. Methods: Biokinetic data of 131I from 50 patients were simulated using a sum-of-exponential function as being measured at 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 120 h after administration. Individual AUC (AUCind) was obtained from IF of each patient. The same dataset was then analyzed using both the STS and ITS methods. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the relative deviation was calculated by comparing AUC values obtained from STS (AUCSTS) and ITS (AUCITS) against the AUCind. Results: The comparison between the AUCSTS and AUCind resulted in an RMSE of 0%, while the comparison between the AUCITS and AUCind resulted in an RMSE of 8%. Conclusion: The individual fitting approach demonstrated only marginal differences compared to the STS method, while the ITS approach exhibited a slightly higher deviation from the individual fitting than that of the STS. Keywords: 131I, Standard Two Stage (STS), Iterative Two Stage (ITS) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hany Putri Yuliati)

226	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-135
Risk-Based Evaluation of IMRT-Focused Linac Quality Control Protocols Using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Patrick Marcelino Wongso (a*), Endang Nuryadi (b), Wahyu Edy Wibowo (b), Supriyanto Ardjo Pawiro (a) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia *patrickjilc[at]yahoo.co.id b) Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia Abstract This study uses Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to assess and enhance quality control (QC) systems for application on linear accelerators (Linacs) Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT). Complex dose modulation, high monitor unit delivery, and tight geometric accuracy define IMRT- hence, it is necessary to have quality assurance (QA) processes reflecting its specific clinical requirements. In accordance with the AAPM TG-100 guideline, each quality control test is considered a failure mode (FM). A semi-quantitative method was used to assess the occurrence (O), severity (S), and detectability (D) parameters for each FM. For O assessment, data were extracted from the QC logs of two Linacs over an estimated three-year period. For S assessment, failure mode simulations were carried out in the treatment planning system. Additionally, a questionnaire was also distributed to medical physicists to seek expert opinion for the assessment of O, S, and D. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) was calculated as the product of these three parameters. The highest RPN was recorded for the backup monitor chamber constancy test (RPN = 111) and underscores its absolute necessity in maintaining dose safety. Among the most highly ranked failure modes were imaging-based procedures such as imaging and treatment coordinate coincidence (RPN = 82, 81) and positioning/repositioning by CBCT and planar imaging (RPN = 79, 54), indicating their significant contribution toward providing spatial accuracy in IMRT delivery. Dosimetric verification such as photon output constancy (RPN = 49) proved high occurrence and severity, showing evidence of being sensitive to high frequency of deviation and impact on patient dose. Meanwhile, mechanical tests such as distance indicator, laser position, treatment couch position indicators, and collimator size indicator though not the greatest RPN, showed consistently high severity. This supports their standard inclusion in daily QA routines where early detection is critical to prevent treatment error. These findings indicate that although RPN is a critical indicator, test priority in IMRT also needs to be informed by clinical tolerance limits in addition to modality-specific risk. Risk-based but treatment-sensitive QC practice ensures that frequency and effect are aligned with the demands of accuracy in IMRT. Keywords: FMEA- Linear accelerator- Quality control- TG-100- IMRT Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Patrick Marcelino Wongso)

227	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-164
A Continuous Flow UV-C Radiation and Ozone System for Yeast Reduction in Honey Agastya Surya Visinanda (1), Aina Mardhiyah (1), Amanda Alya Kamilla (1), Mergy Gayatri (2), Dewanto Harjunowibowo (1*) 1) Department of Physics Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia 2) National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom Abstract Honey is widely recognised for its nutritional benefits and inherent antimicrobial properties. However, due to its hygroscopic characteristics, it remains vulnerable to yeast contamination, particularly in humid conditions. This study evaluates a non-thermal preservation approach that combines UV-C radiation and ozone within a continuous flow system to inhibit yeast growth in honey. Two samples of local Klanceng (Trigona spp.) honey were examined: one serving as a control, and the other subjected to treatment with UV-C at 1.096 \pm 0.004 mW/cm^{2} and ozone at 10.3 \pm 0.3 ppm, each applied for 15 minutes, corresponding to total doses of 11.508 mJ/cm^{2} and 107.8 ppm \cdot s, respectively. The treated sample demonstrated a 48% reduction in yeast count. The \log reduction value reached 0.281, approaching the conventional 0.3 threshold commonly associated with a 50% microbial decline. This finding is particularly noteworthy given that the method avoids thermal degradation, thereby preserving the delicate qualities of honey. While the treatment did not completely eradicate yeast, it produced a measurable and meaningful impact. These results suggest that the combined use of UV-C and ozone may represent a promising, food-safe preservation technique. Further research exploring extended exposure durations, varied flow rates, and long-term effects would be valuable for the food industry to fully elucidate the potential of this approach. Keywords: Continuous flow processing- honey- Non-thermal pasteurisation- UV-C and ozone treatment- Yeast Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agastya Surya Visinanda)

228	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-186
Effect of Negatively Charged Amino Acid and Nanohydroxyapatite Concentrations on The Surface Hydrophilicity of PVA Nanofiber Scaffolds Rohul Rizki Mubaroq Hartman (a), Yessie Widya Sari (*a), Yusril Yusuf (b) (a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, IPB University. (b) Departement of Phyiscs, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Gadjah Mada University Abstract Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer with potential use in tissue engineering. However, its excessively high hydrophilicity potentially led to poor cell adhesion, thus limiting its suitability as a bone scaffold. This study investigates the modification of PVA nanofibers through the incorporation of amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to tailor their hydrophilicity. Electrospun nanofiber composites of Asp/PVA/nHA and Glu/PVA/nHA fabricated with varying nHA concentration and their wettability evaluated through contact angle measurements. Higher nHA content was seen to increase the contact angles, whereby Asp/PVA/nHA and Glu/PVA/nHA with nHA concentration of 3.5 percent were within the ideal range for optimal cell adhesion and proliferation (around 40 to 70 degree). Samples containing Glu exhibited a lower hydrophilicity compared to their respective Asp-containing samples. Statistically significant differences in wettability (p less than 0.05) suggest that nHA and amino acids effectively modulate surface characteristics. These findings support the potential of fine-tuning PVA hydrophilicity via nHA and amino incorporation for improved performance in bone tissue engineering applications. Keywords: Aspartic acid, Bone scaffold, Contact angle, Electrospinning, Glutamic acid Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rohul rizki mubaroq Hartman)

229	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-201
Computational Biophysics of Drug-Target Interactions: In Silico Investigation of 2-Anilino-4-Amino Quinazoline Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Aurellyallodia Faiza Kusuma (a), Muhammad Farhan Shadiq (a), Rizarullah(b)(c), Reza Aditama (b), Sparisoma Viridi (b), Trina Tallei (d), Fifi Fitriyah Masduki (b*) (a) Pradita Dirgantara High School, Boyolali (b) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology *f.masduki[at]itb.ac.id (c) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Abulyatama University, Aceh Besar (d) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado Abstract abstract Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is regarded as a major global health threat, further exacerbated by increasing resistance to current antimalarial drugs. Consequently, the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents is widely recognized. The 2-anilino-4-amino quinazoline scaffold has been identified as a promising candidate in antimalarial drug development. In this study, a series of substituted quinazoline derivatives were evaluated as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH), a key enzyme involved in the parasite^s pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate the binding modes and affinities of the compounds at the PfDHODH active site, with chloroquine being employed as a reference. Pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness were predicted using in silico ADMET analysis. The stability of the top ligand-PfDHODH complexes was subsequently examined through molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the computational results, favorable binding characteristics and pharmacokinetic profiles were exhibited by several quinazoline derivatives, indicating their potential as PfDHODH inhibitors. These findings are expected to provide a foundation for further structural optimization and experimental validation. Keywords: Plasmodium, antimalarial drug, molecular docking, PfDHODH, Molecular Dynamics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fifi Fitriyah Masduki)

230	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-205
Synthesis of Rice Husk Silica PVA Xerogel Film as Food Temperature Insulator Yusmaniar, Intan fadia Andani, Futi Kusuma, Afrizal universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract Temperature fluctuations during storage and transportation are among the leading causes of food degradation, promoting microbial growth, reducing product quality, and increasing the risk of foodborne illness. This study aims to develop a sustainable and thermally insulating packaging film based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) reinforced with silica xerogel synthesized from rice husk ash, an abundant agricultural waste. Silica xerogel was synthesized via the sol-gel method using rice husk ash reacted with an alkaline solution under controlled conditions. The resulting gel was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Packaging films were fabricated by the solution casting method with varying silica xerogel concentrations, and a plasticizer was added to improve flexibility. The film containing 3% silica xerogel exhibited the highest tensile strength (25.27 MPa) and demonstrated improved thermal insulating behavior. Higher silica xerogel content led to slower environmental degradation rates. Application tests showed the film effectively maintained the physical integrity of chocolate, confirming its insulating capability. The PVA/silica xerogel composite film presents a promising solution for eco-friendly thermal insulation packaging, combining mechanical strength, thermal performance, and environmental sustainability. Its development highlights the valorization of rice husk ash into functional packaging materials. Keywords: bioplastic,biodegradable, packaging film, PVA, silica xerogel. rice husk ash Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusmaniar Yusmaniar)

231	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-211
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite based Gonggong Snail Shell Waste (Strombus Canurium) using Precipitation Method Najla Maritza (a), Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti (b)*, and Leny Yuliatun (c)* (a,b) Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia (c) National Research and Innovation Agency Science Technology Area Dr. (HC) Ir. H. Soekarno, Cibinong, Indonesia Abstract The high calcium content (67.70) of gonggong snail shells presents a promising source for natural hydroxyapatite (HAp), a biomaterial known for its biocompatibility in bone substitution. This study successfully synthesized HAp using the precipitation method, with optimal results achieved at a calcination temperature of 900 for 4 hours, with a Ca P ratio of 2.76, closely approximating the stoichiometric value of HAp. SEM revealed a spherical morphology with granular aggregation. FTIR confirmed the presence of characteristic phosphate and hydroxyl functional groups, while XRD analysis identified HAp as the primary crystalline phase, consistent with JCPDS data. Bone scaffolds produced from this HAp exhibited a pH of 10 after immersion in distilled water and 8 in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Compression testing using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) showed that a HAp, alginate ratio of 2.5, 7.5 grams resulted in the highest mechanical strength, with an average maximum force of 123.3243 N and a maximum stress of 0.7599 MPa. Keywords: Gonggong snail shell, Hydroxiapatite, Precipitation synthesis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Najla Maritza)

232	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-214
Classification of Raw Minced Beef, Chicken, and Pork Using AS7341 Spectrophotometer Sensor with Naive Bayes Method Humaidillah Kurniadi Wardana (a*), (c), Endarko (a), Agus Muhamad Hatta (b) (a) Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia a* humaidillahwardana[at]unhasy.ac.id (b) Department of Physics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia (c) Electrical Engineering Studi Program, Universitas Hasyim Asy^ari Tebuireng, Cukir-Diwek, Jombag 61471, Indonesia Abstract Meat has a high nutritional source needed by the human body because it contains sources of protein, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids. The rise of cases of adulteration of beef and chicken meat mixed with pork often occurs every year. For this reason, a standard of meat purity is needed so that it is halal and safe for consumption. This research proposes the manufacture of a portable spectrophotometer that is easy to use, low in price, and able to distinguish beef, chicken, pork. The spectrophotometer is made using an AS7341 sensor equipped with 1 LED light source, 11 spectral channels with a range of 400-940 nm, raspberry pi 4B as a microcontroller, and the results are displayed on the LCD. The results show that the system can distinguish beef, chicken, pork, beef-pork mixture with a ratio of (7:3, 5:5, 1:9) grams, and chicken-pork mixture with a ratio of (7:3, 5:5, 1:9) grams using the Naive Bayes Classifier method. It is obtained that the evaluation value of the beef, pork, and beef-pork mixture classification system with a total data set of 753 data, training data and testing data has a ratio of (70:30), (80:20) getting an accuracy value of 1.0, precision 1.0, recall 1.0, F1-score 1.0, and AUC 1.0 (excellent classification). While the evaluation of the classification system for chicken, pork, and chicken-pig mixtures with a total data set of 758 data, training data and testing data has a ratio of (70:30), (80:20) getting an accuracy value of 1.0, precision 1.0, recall 1.0, F1-score 1.0, and AUC of 1.0 (excellent classification). Keywords: Meat Classification, Spectrophotometer, AS7341 Sensor, Naive Bayes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Humaidillah Kurniadi Wardana)

233	Physics Education	ABS-3
The Role of Student Well-Being in the Success of Physics Learning: A Literature Review Adi Setiawan (a), Sukarmin (a*), Yulianto Agung Rezeki (a), Sarwanto (a), Adventia Putri Pradita (a), Zainal Arifin (a), Dwikie Mahendra Sani (a) a) Department of Physics Education, Sebelas Maret University Ir. Sutami No.36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia *sukarmin67[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract Student well-being plays a crucial role in academic success, particularly in challenging subjects such as physics. It encompasses school-related, social, emotional, and academic aspects that interrelate to foster an optimal learning experience. This study aims to investigate the relationship between student well-being and achievement in physics learning while offering insights for educators to develop a supportive learning environment that enhances student well-being. The method employed in this article is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Data were gathered from articles published over the past six years, sourced from the Scopus database. The findings indicate that supportive learning environments, such as classrooms and laboratories, indirectly influence physics learning outcomes. Emotional well-being, including the ability to manage stress and maintain intrinsic motivation, directly impacts student engagement in physics education. Furthermore, social support from teachers and peers significantly contributes to boosting students self-confidence. This research confirms that student well-being not only affects academic success but also fosters essential social and emotional skills. Consequently, a comprehensive integration of teaching strategies is required to create inclusive learning experiences that promote student well-being. These findings offer valuable insights for educators and policymakers seeking to enhance the quality of physics education. Keywords: Education- Student Well-Being- Physics Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sukarmin -)

234	Physics Education	ABS-27
PHYCORE: Integrating Coding into Physics Education to Foster Computational Thinking for Sustainable Development Riskawati (a*), Dadi Rusdiana (b), Abdurrahman (c), Hendra B.(d) a) Science Education, Unieversitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia *riskawati[at]unm.ac.id a) Universitas Negeri Makassar, Physics Education, Makassar, Indonesia b) Science Education, Unieversitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesiac c) Universitas Lampung, Physics Education, Lampung, Indonesia d) Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Educational Research and Evaluation, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract In the era of rapid technological advancement, integrating coding into physics education offers a promising pathway to cultivate students^ computational thinking (CT) skills. This study introduces PHYCORE, an innovative instructional approach that embeds coding activities into physics learning to enhance CT competencies among university students. Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in promoting quality education (Goal 4) and industry innovation (Goal 9), PHYCORE aims to bridge conceptual understanding in physics with practical technological skills. The study employs a mixed-method design, involving pre- and post-intervention assessments and qualitative observations to evaluate the impact of PHYCORE on students^ CT abilities and engagement. Results indicate a significant improvement in students^ CT indicators-such as decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking-as well as increased motivation and conceptual clarity in physics. The findings underscore the potential of integrated coding approaches to advance both physics education and broader educational outcomes linked to sustainable development. Keywords: Physics education- computational thinking- coding- sustainable development- STEM- innovative learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riskawati Riskawati)

235	Physics Education	ABS-28
Enhancing Computational Thinking Competencies in Pre-Service Science Teachers for Sustainable Development: A GDINA Model Analysis Hendra B. (a*), Riskawati (b) a) Educational Research and Evaluation, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia b) Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to explore and enhance the computational thinking (CT) competencies of pre-service science teachers in the context of promoting sustainable development through physics education. Utilizing the Generalized Deterministic Inputs, Noisy ^And^ Gate (GDINA) model, this research analyzes CT skill profiles and provides insights into areas requiring targeted instructional interventions. A sample of 419 pre-service science teachers from two Indonesian universities participated in this study. Findings reveal significant variability in CT competencies, emphasizing the necessity for integrating computational practices into physics education to cultivate problem-solving skills essential for sustainable development. Keywords: Computational Thinking- Pre-Service Science Teachers- Sustainable Development Goals- GDINA Model- Skill Diagnosis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riskawati Riskawati)

236	Physics Education	ABS-31
Rancang Bangun Audiobook Materi Energi untuk Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus (Tunanetra) Maudi Endah Lestari, Hadi Nasbey, Upik Rahma Fitri, Budi Santoso Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun muka Raya No. 11, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Abstract Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa audiobook materi energi yang dirancang khusus untuk siswa tunanetra. Media ini dilengkapi dengan modifikasi visual berupa gambar taktil/perabaan dan tulisan dalam huruf Braille timbul guna memudahkan siswa dalam memahami konsep energi yang umumnya bersifat visual. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate), namun dibatasi hingga tahap Develop. Pada tahap Define dilakukan analisis kebutuhan melalui wawancara dengan guru SLB, observasi langsung terhadap proses pembelajaran, serta studi literatur yang relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya keterbatasan akses terhadap bahan ajar yang sesuai bagi siswa tunanetra, terutama dalam mata pelajaran IPA. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti merancang audiobook interaktif dengan narasi audio dan elemen taktil untuk menggantikan peran visual. Pada tahap Design dan Develop, dilakukan penyusunan konten, perancangan storyboard, pemilihan format audio, serta pembuatan prototipe produk. Audiobook ini dirancang agar dapat diakses melalui perangkat digital secara fleksibel dan mendukung proses pembelajaran inklusif di SLB. Produk akhir diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi media pembelajaran alternatif yang ramah tunanetra. Keywords: audiobook- energi- tunanetra- media taktil- huruf Braille Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maudi Endah Lestari)

237	Physics Education	ABS-33
Alat Peraga Medan Magnet Menggunakan Kawat Penghantar Vira Dermawanty Saputri (a), Hadi Nasbey (b), Upik Rahma Fitri (c) Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka Raya No. 11, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Abstract Mata pelajaran fisika sering dianggap sulit oleh peserta didik karena paradigma masyarakat yang menggiring opini fisika adalah pelajaran yang sulit dan tidak menarik. Berdasarkan teori kerucut pengalaman Edgar Dale, penggunaan media pembelajaran dapat membantu menvisualisasikan konsep-konsep fisika yang abstrak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), yang dibatasi pada tahap Develop karena fokus penelitian adalah pada pengembangan alat peraga medan magnet menggunakan kawat penghantar. Pada tahap Define dilakukan analisis kebutuhan melalui wawancara dengan guru fisika, observasi alat peraga medan magnet serta studi literatur yang relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 96,6% peserta didik menyatakan penggunaan alat peraga memudakan dalam memvisualisasikan konsep-konsep fisika. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat peraga medan magnet menggunakan kawat penghantar sehingga dapat memudahkan dalam menvisualisasikan garis-garis gaya magnet. Pada tahap Design dan Develop, dilakukan perancangan model alat peraga, pembuatan alat peraga, dan penguji coba alat peraga. Alat peraga ini dapat memvisualisasikan garis-garis gaya magnet dalam medan magnet menggunakan kawat penghantar. Keywords: Alat Peraga, Medan Magnet, Kawat Penghantar, R&D, Visualisasi Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vira Dermawanty Saputri)

238	Physics Education	ABS-34
The Development of Science Identity Self-Test to Measure the Level of Science Identity Based on PISA 2025 Framework S Wahyudhi, S E S Mu^aziyah, H Mulyastuti, M A Rais Natural Science Education Department Universitas Trunojoyo Madura Abstract In the face of rapid and complex global change, we need more scientists who apply scientific methods to generate new knowledge, and communities who apply this knowledge effectively. Previous research revealed that cultivating a science identity (SCID) or environmental identity (EID) can motivate individuals to develop skills, interests, and enthusiasm in addressing environmental issues. The literature study^s results reveal a lack of widespread use of science identity instruments in research. The PISA 2025 Science Framework announced the inclusion of the concept of science identity. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare a science identity instrument based on the PISA Framework 2025. The purpose of the study is to develop SIST (Science Identity Self-Test) to measure the level of science identity based on the PISA 2025 Framework and to test the validity and reliability of SIST. Using the Rasch measurement model, the psychometric evaluation revealed that the instrument demonstrated high reliability, with Person reliability (0.91) and item reliability (0.98) categorized as excellent. Out of the 49 items tested, 37 met the fit criteria, ensuring robust measurement properties. The dimensionality analysis validated the instrument^s uni-dimensionality, as measures explained raw variance at 35.7%, satisfying the threshold requirements. The SIST instrument provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing science identity among students and can serve as a basis for future research and practical applications in science education. Keywords: Science Identity, Science education, PISA 2025, Rasch Model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (SUNU WAHYUDHI)

239	Physics Education	ABS-35
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERAGA SPEKTROSKOP ANALISIS SPEKTRUM WARNA (SPEKTRA) Taufik Putra Nurdiansyah (a*), Hadi Nasbey (b), Upik Rahma Fitri (b) Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun muka Raya No. 11, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia. Abstract Pembelajaran berbasis hands-on semakin penting di Indonesia yaitu meningkatkan keterampilan siswa melalui pengalaman langsung salah satunya ialah dengan alat peraga pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa alat peraga spektroskop untuk menganalisis spektrum warna yang dirancang khusus untuk siswa. Alat ini dilengkapi dengan kustomisasi visual berupa webcam guna memudahkan siswa dalam melihat visualisasi spektrum warna pada berbagai macam sumber cahaya. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate), yang dibatasi hingga tahap Develop. Pada tahap Define dilakukan analisis kebutuhan melalui wawancara terhadap guru, observasi langsung terhadap pembelajaran, serta studi literatur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya kesulitan bagi siswa dalam memahami dan memvisualisasikan materi cahaya. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti merancang alat peraga spektroskop analisis spektrum warna (SPEKTRA) yang dilengkapi dengan buku panduan. Pada tahap Design dan Develop, dilakukan penyusunan kerangka alat dan bahan yang digunakan, perancangan storyboard, serta pembuatan prototipe produk. Alat peraga spektroskop ini diharapkan menjadi solusi media pembelajaran berbasis hands-on yang dapat menunjang siswa memahami pembelajaran fisika. Keywords: hands-on-alat peraga-spektroskop-media pembelajaran Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Taufik Putra Nurdiansyah)

240	Physics Education	ABS-36
Rancang Bangun Alat Peraga Termoskop Kareena Zalfa Elysia, Hadi Nasbey, Upik Rahma Fitri Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun muka Raya No.11, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Abstract Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat validitas dari alat peraga fisika berupa termoskop yang dirancang sebagai media pembelajaran dalam materi termodinamika. Alat ini berperan dalam membantu meningkatkan pemahaman konsep melalui keterkaitan langsung antara teori fisika dan pengalaman empiris siswa, sehingga memperkuat pemahaman teori. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan proses pengembangan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate), namun penelitian dibatasi hingga tahap Develop. Pada tahap Define dilakukan literatur terhadap prinsip kerja termoskop dan analisis kebutuhan melalui penyebaran angket, wawancara dengan guru, dan observasi langsung pada proses pembelajaran. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya ketertarikan pada pembelajaran apabila dilakukan peragaan terutama pada materi termodinamika. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti merancang alat peraga sederhana sebagai media pembelajaran. Pada tahap Design dan Develop, dilakukan perancangan gambar alat dan pembuatan kelayakan alat serta eksperimen pengguna. Alat peraga sederhana ini dirancang agar menciptakan situasi belajar yang menarik dan memotivasi serta dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pada materi termodinamika. Produk akhir diharapkan dapat membantu peserta didik memahami materi lebih baik. Keywords: Termoskop, alat peraga, termodinamika, media pembelajaran Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kareena Zalfa Elysia)

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