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91	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-83
Government Public Relations: Indonesian Government Crisis Communication Strategy Towards the Impact of Hazardous Geopolitical Condition in Iran due to 2026 Conflict Dyah Meita Nugraheni UIN Salatiga Abstract In this globalization era, the world unstable geopolitical condition could have a significant impact towards economic resilience of a country. This paper reflects on how Indonesian government communicates the energy related issues recently happens in Indonesia due to conflict among Iran-U. S- Israel publicly through digital media due to the increase of internet and social media users in communal activities. This research aims to analyze the substance of the content, and the messages conveyed. Crisis communication strategy in government public relations will be used as the research scope and limitation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach that focuses on analyzing the use of Instagram social media by related ministries and government agencies in Indonesia. This method aims to provide a comprehensive picture of government digital activities implementing the crisis communication strategy. The research results show how related ministries and government agencies respond to the crisis aiming to gain public trust. The results of this research suggest that the government can improve the substance of the digital media content so that it can more optimally convey information while maintaining a conducive situation during the crisis. Keywords: government public relations, crisis communication, political communication Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dyah Meita Nugraheni)

92	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-89
Inclusive Communication and Digital Social Capital in Disability-Based Civil Society Organizations: A Case Study of Roemah Difabel Indonesia Natalia Sari Pujiastuti, Suhariyanto, Viro Dharma Putra, Agus Edy Laksono Department of Communication Science, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication, Universitas Semarang, Indonesia Email: natalia[at]usm.ac.id Abstract Digital interconnectivity has created new opportunities for civil society organizations to promote inclusion, participation, and social responsibility. However, for disability-based community organizations, digital communication is not merely a matter of technological access, but also a communicative practice for building recognition, trust, and collective participation. This study examines how inclusive communication practices in Roemah Difabel Indonesia contribute to the formation of digital social capital and the public representation of persons with disabilities. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and organizational documentation. Roemah Difabel Indonesia was selected because it develops communication practices that are open, participatory, adaptive, and responsive to diverse disability needs. The findings indicate that inclusive communication enables persons with disabilities to participate not only as beneficiaries, but also as facilitators, content managers, public speakers, and organizational representatives. Interpersonal communication, community-based interaction, and digital platforms work together to strengthen internal trust, public legitimacy, and collective action. This study argues that inclusive communication functions as a social infrastructure that connects digital interconnectivity with social capital and community resilience. The study contributes to discussions on inclusive and ethical digital societies by showing that technological innovation must be accompanied by communicative practices that empower vulnerable groups as active social actors. Keywords: inclusive communication- digital social capital- disability representation- civil society organization- community resilience Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Natalia Sari Pujiastuti)

93	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-92
Data in Social Media Content: Raising Audience Awareness in Environmental Issue Sekartaji Anisa Putri*, Husnaeni Fauziah Amani, Amelia Yeza Pradhipta Open University of Indonesia Abstract Environmental damage is becoming increasingly widespread and has increasingly serious impacts. Environmental damage, whether caused by human actions or extreme climate change, has a significant impact on life. Awareness of this damage needs to be raised so that the wider public is willing and able to immediately participate in environmental conservation actions. One means of raising this awareness is environmental content disseminated through social media. Social media, as the most popular communication tool today, can be an excellent platform for spreading environmental awareness messages through the use of data. One social media account for environmental activists that has become top of mind is Green Peace. In its environmental content, Green Peace frequently displays data to demonstrate the severity of environmental damage. Conveying data through content is seen as a strategic communication effort to foster environmental awareness in the minds of its audience. This importance necessitates researchers to understand how data is used as a strategic communication tool to raise public awareness regarding environmental issues. This study is a mixed methods study. First, a content analysis will be conducted on Green Peace Indonesia^s Instagram content over the past three months regarding the use of data in its content. The frequency of data usage in Green Peace Indonesia content over the past three months will be calculated. The distribution of data types will then be examined. Finally, the strategy for using data in Green Peace Indonesia content as a strategic communication tool to raise environmental awareness in the community will be examined qualitatively and descriptively. Validity in this study is achieved through intercoders. Keywords: Audience Awareness, Data-Driven Approaches, Data in Content, Environmental Issue, Strategic Communication Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sekartaji Anisa Putri)

94	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-96
Generative AI, Governance, and the Transformation of Academic Communication: A Conceptual Review from the Perspective of Political Economy of Communication Hasanuddin (a*) and Ace Sriati Rachman (b) Hasanuddin (a*) Universitas Terbuka, Ace Sriati Rachman (b) Univeristas Terbuka, Abstract The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has transformed academic communication by changing how academic communities produce, access, and disseminate knowledge. This transformation offers opportunities to support learning innovation while raising concerns about transparency, accountability, and integrity in digital knowledge production. This article aims to examine the transformation of academic communication resulting from the use of Generative AI and its implications for university governance and social responsibility. This study employs a qualitative approach through a conceptual literature review of scholarly articles, policy documents, and reports from international organizations on AI in higher education. The analysis is based on the political economy of communication, particularly Mosco^s concept of structuration, to explain the changing relationships among AI platforms, universities, lecturers, and students in digital knowledge production. The analysis is further supported by the concept of AI Governance to examine governance principles for the responsible use of AI in higher education. The study argues that Generative AI is not merely a learning support tool but also reshapes academic communication by requiring clear governance, AI literacy, transparency, and institutional accountability. Effective AI governance is therefore essential to maintain academic integrity while encouraging innovation and social responsibility in higher education Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hasanuddin Hasanuddin)

95	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-103
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) pada Pengalaman Penggunaan Teknologi Komunikasi Mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Terbuka Angkatan 2023 Bela Amelia dan Endang Tri Irianingsih Universitas Terbuka Abstract Abstract The development of digital communication technology has encouraged the transformation of learning in higher education into an online-based system, including at Universitas Terbuka, which utilizes digital media in academic activities. This study aims to analyze the level of technology acceptance, motives for digital media use, and the quality of students^ digital communication. The research employed a quantitative approach using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Uses and Gratifications (U&G), and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) as the theoretical frameworks. Data were collected through a survey method involving 40 students from the Communication Science Study Program of Universitas Terbuka, Class of 2023. The data were gathered using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that the TAM variable obtained a mean score of 3.76 (high), U&G 3.70 (high), and CMC 3.55 (moderate). These findings indicate that students have a good level of technology acceptance and actively use digital media in learning activities- however, the quality of digital communication has not yet reached an optimal level. This study concludes that improving the quality of digital communication remains necessary to support the effectiveness of online learning. Keywords: Keywords: Computer Mediated Communication, online learning, communication technology, Technology Acceptance Model, and Uses and Gratifications. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bela Amelia)

96	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-117
Digital News Media and Citizen Trust: An Analysis of Credibility Indicators in Social Media Content Yeni Kartika University of Bengkulu Abstract Public trust poses a significant challenge for digital news media amidst the rising flow of information and disinformation on social media. In this context, information credibility is a crucial factor influencing public trust in the media. This study aims to analyze how credibility indicators are constructed within public policy content published on the Instagram account of Detik.com, one of Indonesia^s leading digital news outlets. The research focuses on public policy content uploaded between April and June 2026. A qualitative approach utilizing qualitative content analysis is employed. The data consists of public policy content posts from Detik.com^s Instagram account, selected purposively to align with the research focus. Analysis involves identifying and interpreting credibility indicators present in the content, such as the clarity of information sources, the use of data and facts, information balance, transparency in news presentation, and information verification practices. Through this approach, the study seeks to understand how digital news media construct credible narratives within the social media landscape as part of a communication strategy to gain the trust of social media-consuming audiences. This research is expected to contribute to the fields of digital media studies, digital journalism, and strategic communication, particularly in understanding the relationship between content credibility and efforts to build public trust in the digital era. The findings are also intended to provide insights for digital news media managers on developing more credible, transparent, and responsible communication practices on social media to maintain public trust. Keywords: digital news media, citizen trust, media credibility, social media, Instagram. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yeni Kartika)

97	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-124
Characteristics of AI-Based Disinformation: A Comparative Content Analysis of AI and Non-AI Hoaxes Based on TurnBackHoax Mafindo Data 2025 Muhamad Handar (1) 1) Communication Studies, Indonesia Open University, East Jakarta. DKI Jakarta Province. 13230. *muhamadhandar01[at]gmail.com Abstract The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has opened a new chapter in disinformation production that is increasingly difficult to detect with the naked eye. This study aims to map and compare the characteristics of hoaxes produced using AI technology with conventional (non-AI) hoaxes circulating in Indonesia throughout 2025. The research employed a quantitative content analysis method on 1,544 clarification articles published on TurnBackHoax.id by the Mafindo. Each case was categorized based on theme, type of mis/disinformation, dissemination tools, channels, narrative type, evidence of claims, impersonated parties, and geographic context. The results show that of the total cases, 215 cases (13,9%) were identified as involving AI technology, while 1,323 cases (85.7%) remained non-AI. Political themed hoaxes dominated overall findings (55.2%), with Facebook as the primary dissemination channel (53.8%) and text-video combination as the most dominant tool (65.1%). AI generated content tended to leverage more convincing visual manipulation to strengthen the credibility of wedge-driver narratives aimed at fostering social polarization. The Indonesian government was the most frequently impersonated entity (37.1%), yet ironically, official clarification efforts from the government accounted for less than government, fact-checking communities, and mass media in responding to the evolving threat of synthetic disinformation driven by AI adoption, in order to strengthen Indonesia^s digital information resillience. Keywords: artificial intelligence, content analysis, disinformation, hoax, TurnBackHoax Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhamad Handar)

98	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-125
Tutorial Online dan Jejaring Belajar Informal: Peran WhatsApp Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi pada Pedidikan Jarak Jauh Arifah Bintarti Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi FHISIP-Universitas Terbuka Abstract The development of digital technology is driving the transformation of distance education through the use of online tutorials. However, formal online tutorials are often considered rigid and less interactive, so students turn to informal media such as WhatsApp groups to build learning networks. Based on the theory of connectivism, this study aims to examine the effect of online tutorial quality on students^ perceived learning outcomes. This study also examines the mediating role of learning connectivity and the moderating role of interaction preferences through WhatsApp groups. The method used is empirical quantitative to test the mechanism of the relationship between these variables. The results of this study are expected to bridge the gap between formal and informal learning systems to create a more interactive, autonomous, and sustainable distance learning experience. Keywords: Distance Education, Online Tutorials, Learning Connectivity, WhatsApp Groups, Perceived Learning Outcomes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arifah Bintarti)

99	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-126
Platform-Mediated Capital Inversion: Extending Bourdieu^s Theory of Capital in Platform Society Nila Kusuma Windrati, Irsanti Widuri Asih Universitas Terbuka Abstract Content creators who present ordinary, working-class lives-often blended with local or traditional cultural markers-have become a common presence on Indonesian social media. Yet while research on platform micro-celebrities has grown substantially, it has mostly examined how influencers perform curated authenticity from an already privileged position, or how marginalized creators struggle against algorithmic invisibility. Less attention has been paid to how such creators actively convert the absence of economic and cultural capital into symbolic capital through platform-mediated communication, particularly in Global South contexts. This article addresses that gap by examining two Indonesian Instagram creators, @sibliwira from Bali and @oratoto_id from Klaten, Central Java, to understand how their everyday communicative performances turn ordinary, working-class identities into symbolic authenticity, digital social capital, and eventually economic value. Drawing on Bourdieu^s theory of capital and Turner^s idea of the demotic turn, we propose the concept of platform-mediated capital inversion: a process where the lack of conventional economic and cultural capital is reframed as symbolic authenticity, gains validation through audience engagement, and is then converted into economic value via platform visibility and brand partnerships. Using multimodal discourse analysis of their Instagram content, we examine how their communication style, self-presentation, and place-based identity help them gain audience recognition and visibility. The findings suggest that symbolic capital does not always come from accumulated economic or cultural capital, as Bourdieu^s theory usually assumes-it can also emerge from material scarcity itself, through carefully performed communication. By naming this process platform-mediated capital inversion, the article extends Bourdieu^s framework to a Global South context and contributes to how we understand strategic communication, digital social capital, and visibility in today^s platform society. Keywords: Platform-mediated, Capital Inversion, Bourdieu^s Theory of Capital, Platform Society Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irsanti Widuri Asih)

100	Strategic Communication in the Digital Sphere: Cultivating Civic Trust through Data-Driven Approaches (Digital Communication- Public Communication Strategy- Civic Trust)	ABS-131
Public Perception of Cyberbullying: Analysis of Changes in Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior through Educational Intervention Webinar Public Education Cyberbullying. Tatik Yuniarti, Najli Aidha Nuryani, Ria Nita Anggreani, Pendy Wijanarko, Andini Wulan Pratiwi, Rohimat Nurbaya, Irfan, Alan Firmansyah, Gabid Hanafie Paramadina University Abstract Data indicate that 48% of Indonesian children experience cyberbullying after accessing the internet. Social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok are the most frequent sites where digital bullying occurs. Therefore, this study analyzes changes in public perceptions of cyberbullying through a comprehensive educational intervention implemented via the webinar ^Public Education Cyberbullying.^ The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained from pre-test surveys involving 60 respondents and post-test surveys involving 30 respondents, while qualitative data were derived from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted interactively via Zoom. Participants included students from SMKS Bina Nasional Informatika Cikarang, SMK Negeri 1 Kusan Hilir, South Kalimantan, university students from Universitas Djuanda, the IPB Vocational School, Universitas Paramadina, as well as members of the general public. The findings demonstrate a significant increase related to cyberbullying across three domains: cognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes), and behavioral. Cognitively, there was an average increase of 15.3%, particularly in understanding the ITE Law, which increased by 28%. In the affective domain, 87.4% of participants expressed rejection of permissive attitudes toward cyberbullying. In the behavioral domain, there was an average increase of 8.2%, with especially high commitment to reporting cyberbullying content (100%). FGD results reveal that effective cyberbullying prevention requires a multidimensional approach that integrates factual education, value internalization, support for behavioral change, and sustained reinforcement through systematic integration into education, government policies, and community engagement. Keywords: Attitude and behavior, Cyberbullying, digital literacy, education, perception, digital literacy, education, attitude and behavior Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tatik Yuniarti)

101	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-1
Digital Intrusion Industri Pinjol Ilegal: Kajian Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Data Telepon dan Galeri Foto Hanif Hardianto1, Lazuardi2 1Universitas Terbuka 2 Unpad Abstract Digital Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhamad Lazuardi)

102	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-3
The Digital Waqf: Reconstructing Classical Perpetuity and Cyberspace Jurisdiction in a Blockchain Era Saumya Verma Soundarya Group of Institutions, Bangalore, India Abstract In history, the Islamic waqf has been considered a strong force for socio-economic growth. ^Waqf^ is created on the principle of ^perpetuity^, which means once dedicated, the property becomes inalienable, implying it cannot be sold, inherited, or gifted, as ownership is transferred to Allah for an indefinite period. But modern waqf institutions often have problems with mismanagement, legal contests, and losing assets, which goes against this principle. At the same time, the rise of blockchain technology and smart contracts offers a paradigm-shifting solution, but their integration raises basic legal issues: Can code make takbid happen? What is the jurisdiction of a decentralised digital waqf? The Islamic waqf has historically been a strong force for socio-economic progress. Its assets must be unalterable and its goal must be perpetual. However, the modern waqf institutions often come across the issues with mismanagement, litigation, and losing their assets, which goes against this principle. Simultaneosly, the rise of blockchain technology offers a solution that changes the game, but its use brings up certain important legal issues like ^whether a blockchain code can make things last forever?^, ^what is the jurisdiction of a decentralised digital waqf?^ etc. Therefore, this study examines the significant disparity among Islamic waqf jurisprudence and the modern legal challenges arising from the digitization of Waqf. This study examines the significant disparity between traditional waqf jurisprudence and the contemporary legal challenges arising from its digitisation. This study combines classical Islamic law with modern technology law. This paper utilises a doctrinal legal research methodology. It undertakes a systematic examination of primary classical fiqh sources (from the Hanafi and Shafi^i schools) regarding the prerequisites for a valid (sahih) waqf. This is compared to a study of the architectural aspects of blockchain technology i.e. immutability, transparency, and smart contract automation to see if they are doctrinally compatible. Initial analysis shows a strong link between blockchain^s inherent immutability and the classical principle of takbid. This suggests that a ^Digital Waqf^ could be a noble idea. However, considerable legal challenges are recognised, especially regarding the establishment of a governing legal jurisdiction for decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) and the necessity to encode intricate Shariah governance principles into rigid code. Keywords: Islamic Finance, Islamic Waqf, Digital Waqf, Smart Contracts, Perpetuity. Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Saumya Verma)

103	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-9
AI Administrative Due Process: A Procedural Rights Model for Automated Government Decision-Making in Indonesia Johanes Marcelino Matmey Universitas Terbuka Abstract The growing use of artificial intelligence in Indonesian public administration marks an important shift toward digital governance. AI can improve efficiency and also raise concerns about the protection of citizens^ procedural rights. This study argues that Indonesia^s legal framework has not kept pace with the rapid adoption of AI in government decision-making, creating a procedural gap in which algorithm-based decisions are often difficult to explain, challenge, or hold accountable. Using a juridical-normative approach, this research finds that Law No. 30 of 2014 and Law No. 27 of 2022 still provide limited safeguards against automated administrative systems. These laws have not fully addressed the risks of opaque black box technologies, including biased outcomes and systemic discrimination. To respond to this issue, the study proposes an ^AI Administrative Due Process^ framework to ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical responsibility in the state^s use of AI. The findings show that without risk-based regulation, AI-based administrative decisions may conflict with the General Principles of Good Administration and weaken public trust. Therefore, this study recommends mandatory external algorithmic audits, a legally recognized right to explanation, and an independent dispute-resolution body. Ultimately, AI should be governed not only as a tool for efficiency, but as a supervised legal instrument that supports justice, accountability, and institutional legitimacy. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Accountability, Administrative Due Process Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Johanes Marcelino Matmey)

104	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-14
AI-Based Data Fabrication as a Tort: Civil Liability in Conference Fraud Vina Rohmawati Universitas Terbuka (Open University) Abstract The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant transformation to the world of research, while also creating serious new avenues for abuse. This study analyzes an alleged case of research falsification by a group of Indonesian citizens at the International Symposium on Pneumonia and Pneumococcal Diseases (ISPPD) 2026 conference in Copenhagen, Denmark. The focus is on AI-based data fabrication actions directed at illegally obtaining travel grants, examined as a Tortious Acts (onrechtmatige daad) based on Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, along with the civil liability of the perpetrators. The research method is normative juridical, using case, statute, and conceptual approaches. This study examines: (1) the qualification of AI based data fabrication as a Tortious Act under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code- (2) the construction of the perpetrators civil liability toward the victims (grant making institution, universities, and conference organizers)- and (3) the legal implications of AI use on academic integrity and digital evidence. The results show that fabricating research data and manipulating identity through AI to obtain travel grants fulfills all elements of a Tortious Act under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Furthermore, these actions also constitute violations of electronic information manipulation as stipulated in Article 35 of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). The perpetrators civil liability includes material damages for costs incurred by the grantor, as well as potential moral claims, this study recommends establishing a collective legal response mechanism for the digital research ecosystem of Indonesia. Keywords: AI data fabrication - academic fraud - civil liability - tortious acts - travel grant. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vina Rohmawati)

105	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-19
The Constitutional Law Integration of People^s Defense and State Intelligence to Prevent Balkanization Al Fadel Arman Rizzy Universitas Terbuka Abstract The threat of Nusantara Balkanization, defined as national disintegration driven by horizontal conflicts, digital propaganda, and foreign interference, poses a real challenge to the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This study analyzed the role of constitutional law in integrating the Total People^s Defense and Security System (Sishankamrata) with state intelligence functions as a preventive instrument. A normative juridical method with a qualitative descriptive approach was used, reinforced by PESTEL and SWOT analyses. Data from the World Justice Project (WJP) 2025 showed Indonesia ranked 69th out of 143 countries with a score of 0.52, Criminal Justice at 0.38, and Fundamental Rights at 0.47. The controversial statement by the Minister of Defense regarding the potential ^collapse of Indonesia by 2030^ served as a stress test. PESTEL analysis identified technological (disinformation) and social (polarization) factors as the highest risks (5/5). SWOT analysis recommended a Weaknesses-Threats strategy: regulatory harmonization, strengthening coordination, and youth empowerment through digital civic defense. The study concluded that without coherent normative integration and strong democratic oversight, prevention of Nusantara Balkanization remains fragile. Keywords: Constitutional Law - National Disintegration - Nusantara Balkanization - Sishankamrata - State Intelligence. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Al Fadel Arman Rizzy)

106	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-31
Victim-Centred Asset Recovery in Money Laundering Cases in Indonesia: Balancing Legal Certainty and Substantive Justice Fahrizal S.Siagian (a*), Mahmud Mulyadi (b), Marlina (c), Rosmalinda (d) a) PhD student in Law at Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia *fahrizalsiagian[at]students.usu.ac.id b) Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia c) Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia d) Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Abstract Money laundering offences not only affect the stability of the financial system, but also cause direct losses to victims, who often have not yet received adequate compensation. In practice, law enforcement against money laundering in Indonesia still tends to focus on punishing perpetrators and confiscating assets for the state, whilst the victims^ interests in obtaining compensation for their losses have not yet been fully prioritised. This study aims to analyse the concept of victim-oriented asset recovery in money laundering cases in Indonesia, with an emphasis on striking a balance between legal certainty and substantive justice. This study employs a normative legal methodology using legislative and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that asset recovery for victims requires the strengthening of legal mechanisms that not only ensure that assets derived from criminal offences can be traced, frozen, seized and confiscated, but also returned to victims in a fair and proportionate manner. Legal certainty is required to guarantee clear, measurable and enforceable procedures, whilst substantive justice is necessary to ensure that the recovery process does not stop at formalities but genuinely addresses the victims^ losses. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen regulations and judicial practices that place victims at the centre of asset recovery mechanisms in money laundering cases in Indonesia. Keywords: Assets-Certainty-Money Laundering-Recovery-Money-Victims Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fahrizal S Siagian)

107	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-36
Normative Construction of Criminal Liability under Article 49 of the Banking Law for Artificial Intelligence Based Fraud Hijriani (a*), La Ode Abdul Manan (b), Subardin (c) a) Master of Law Program, Graduate School, Sulawesi Tenggara University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. *hijriani[at]gmail.com b) Faculty of Economics and Business, Sulawesi Tenggara University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. c) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Abstract The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the banking sector by enhancing operational efficiency, risk management, and fraud detection. At the same time, AI has facilitated new forms of banking crimes, including deepfake fraud, synthetic identity fraud, algorithm manipulation, and AI-powered phishing, which pose significant risks to financial institutions. These developments raise legal concerns regarding the adequacy of Article 49 of the Indonesian Banking Law, which was enacted before the emergence of AI technologies and does not explicitly regulate AI-related criminal conduct or the liability of parties involved in developing, operating, or benefiting from AI systems. This study aims to examine the adequacy of the criminal liability framework under Article 49 in addressing AI-based fraud, identify its normative gaps, and formulate an adaptive model of criminal liability. This research employs a normative legal method supported by empirical data through statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative-law approaches. Data were obtained from legal literature, legislation, international regulations, and interviews with regulators, banking practitioners, and academics. The findings reveal that Article 49 remains primarily oriented toward human actors and is not fully capable of addressing the autonomous, algorithmic, and cross-system characteristics of AI-based fraud. Normative gaps are identified regarding the liability of AI developers, system operators, and corporate users. Accordingly, a more adaptive framework integrating corporate criminal liability, strict liability principles, and risk-based technological accountability is required. The study concludes that reformulating Article 49 is necessary to ensure legal certainty, strengthen financial system protection, and enhance law enforcement against AI-based banking fraud. Keywords: Criminal Liability- Article 49 Banking Law- Artificial Intelligence- Banking Fraud Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hijriani Hijriani)

108	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-38
Reconciling Citizenship and Land Rights for Indonesia^s Mixed-Marriage and Their Children Dian Andriani (1,2), Zulpikar (3), Rini Suryanti (1) 1. Universitas Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi, Jln Kusuma Bhakti No. 99, Bukittinggi 2. Universitas Terbuka, Jalan Cabe Raya, Pondok Cabe, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan 3. Universitas Primagraha Serang, Jl. Trip Jamaksari, Kota Serang-Banten e-mail: newdian2280[at]gmail.com (corresponding author) Abstract This study examined the legal consequences of mixed marriages and limited dual citizenship in Indonesia, focusing on the risk of losing citizenship under Law No. 12/2006 on Citizenship (UUK 12/2006) and the loss of land ownership rights (Hak Milik) under Law No. 5/1960 on Basic Agrarian Regulations (UUPA). A normative juridical empirical approach was applied through library research, combining a statutory method with interpretive analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Findings show that Indonesian citizens who marry foreigners risk losing citizenship where the foreign spouse^s national law automatically transfers citizenship upon marriage, unless a timely declaration is filed to retain Indonesian citizenship. Absent an asset separation agreement, land acquired during marriage becomes joint marital property, disqualifying the Indonesian spouse from holding undivided Hak Milik. Children of mixed marriages, though recognized as Indonesian citizens under UUK 12/2006, remain barred from holding Hak Milik during their dual-citizenship period, since Article 21(4) of the UUPA treats dual-citizenship holders as equivalent to foreigners. A structural gap was identified between the inclusive Citizenship Law and the rigid nationality principle of the UUPA, which has not been updated to reflect modern demographic realities and disproportionately burdens women under Indonesia^s CEDAW obligations. The study concludes that legislative reform is necessary: children of mixed marriages should receive conditional land rights tied to retention of Indonesian citizenship, with automatic forfeiture upon formal renunciation at adulthood, aligning Indonesian agrarian law with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection and Indonesia^s CEDAW obligations. Keywords: citizenship rights, dual citizenship, Hak Milik, land ownership, mixed marriage. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (DIAN ANDRIANI)

109	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-39
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PATENT LAW IN INDONESIA: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR) ON CHALLENGES IN RECOGNIZING AI AS AN INVENTOR Rachmat Arnanda (a*), Angelina Anne Fernandez (b) (a) Graduate school and Management, Management and Science University, Malaysia. (b) Bachelors in law and commerce, Management and Science University, Malaysia. Abstract The explosive growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and generative AI in particular, has posed great difficulties for traditional patent systems, which have traditionally limited invention rights to humans. The purpose of this research is to discuss difficulties in recognising AI as an inventor and to discuss the implications for the Indonesian patent law in coping with technology development. The study uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a qualitative approach in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 framework. Literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar and Emerald database by using the keywords of artificial intelligence, inventorship and patent law in Indonesia. After multiple stages of screening, nine studies were identified that were relevant to the research question and analyzed. The results show that the debate over who can be an inventor of AI is increasing in various jurisdictions. In certain countries, the attitudes and approaches have been more accommodating, but numerous jurisdictions still require a human-based definition of inventorship for inventions. In addition to several legal challenges identified in the study are issues related to inventorship recognition and determination of ownership, legal responsibility and the sufficiency of existing legal and regulatory frameworks. The results indicate that patent legislation in Indonesia needs to be adapted to balance the incentives for new innovations, legal security, and public interests, given the growing presence of AI in technological developments. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Patent Law, Inventorship. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rachmat Arnanda)

110	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-43
Medical Liability in Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnosis: Toward a Collective Legal Response Framework Muhammad Dawud Ashari (a*) a) Faculty of Law, Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Terbuka Gedung Fakultas III, Jalan Cabe Raya, Pondok Cabe, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan 15437, Indonesia *muhammad.dawudashari[at]gmail.com Abstract The increasing use of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis has exposed a structural gap in the allocation of medical liability because clinical decision-making occurred at the point of care, whereas the design, deployment, validation, monitoring, and correction of artificial intelligence systems were distributed across multiple actors. This study was conducted to address the lack of a comprehensive legal framework for assigning responsibility when harm resulted from artificial intelligence-assisted clinical decisions. A qualitative legal research design was employed using a PubMed scoping review, purposive legal review, comparative legal analysis, and framework development. Two PubMed exports yielded 481 records, after the removal of eight duplicates, 473 unique records remained, of which 310 were included in the analysis. The study also examined 27 legal sources, four jurisdictions, and 18 selected judicial, enforcement, and safety records. The findings showed that existing scholarship primarily emphasized governance and explainability, whereas institutional accountability, evidentiary responsibility, and compensation mechanisms remained insufficiently developed. Legal analysis further revealed fragmented liability where control, evidence, and corrective capacity were distributed among clinicians, healthcare institutions, developers, vendors, and regulators. Based on these findings, the Collective Legal Response Framework was developed to allocate legal responsibilities across preventive, operational, monitoring, corrective, and compensation phases. The study concluded that the framework provided a structured approach for analyzing medical artificial intelligence liability within existing legal systems and offered practical guidance for strengthening Indonesias emerging regulatory framework. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, medical liability, clinical decision-making, legal responsibility, regulatory framework Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Dawud Ashari)

111	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-54
Technology-Based Moderation in Government Procurement as a Collective Legal Response to Corruption Gerry Anderson Gultom, Maria, Mahmud Mulyadi, Mahmul Siregar, Rosmalinda Faculty Of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jalan Dr. T. Mansyur 9, Medan 20155, Indonesia Abstract Technology-based moderation in government procurement facilitated by the Electronic Procurement System (SPSE) and E-Purchasing represents a strategic approach to enhancing transparency and accountability while preventing corruption. Although digitalization has curtailed opportunities for irregularities through transparent procedures and digital audit trails, procurement fraud persists, this indicates that technology alone cannot effectively prevent corruption without collaborative oversight and legal compliance. Furthermore, it remains unclear how technology based moderation can function as a collective legal response to strengthen corruption prevention in government procurement. This study aims to analyze the role of technology-based moderation as a collective legal response in preventing corruption within Indonesian government procurement. Employing a juridical-normative method, the study utilizes statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and academic literature. The findings demonstrate that digital technology is crucial for reinforcing transparency, accountability, and multi-stakeholder oversight mechanisms, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of legal responses to potential corruption. Consequently, optimizing digital technology, strengthening data integration, increasing information transparency, and fostering inter-agency collaboration are essential to establishing a government procurement system characterized by integrity, accountability, efficiency, and long-term sustainability, while simultaneously boosting public trust in procurement governance. Keywords: Collective Legal Response-Corruption Prevention-Digital Governance-Electronic Public Procurement-Technology based Moderation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gerry Anderson Gultom)

112	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-60
The Centralization of Authority and the Challenges of Technological Self-Reliance in the Development of Indonesia^s Defense Industry in the Aftermath of the Job Creation Law Al Fadel Arman Rizzy Universitas Terbuka Abstract This study analyzes regulatory changes in Indonesia^s defense industry following the Job Creation Law (2023) and their implications for authority centralization, foreign technological dependency, and collective legal responses. Using a normative juridical approach with descriptive qualitative methods, this research examines amendments to Law No. 16/2012 on the Defense Industry, particularly Articles 11, 21, and 69A. Secondary data were derived from LAB45 (2026), IISS (2025), and various regulations. The findings reveal that the Job Creation Law shifts the paradigm from state-led to hybrid state-market governance, weakening interministerial checks and balances. Foreign dependency remains critically high: Indonesia produces only 9 of 132 weapons system types (6.8%). Minimum Essential Force (MEF) achievement stands at 27%, and the Nusantara Trisula Shield (PTN) program reached only 62%, with critical gaps in maritime (24%) and C4ISR (38%). Unplanned acquisitions demonstrate weak accountability. This study recommends strengthening the Defense Industry Policy Committee^s role, introducing a national security screening clause, reinforcing offset and domestic content regulations, establishing an independent audit mechanism, and raising defense R&D allocation to 5-10% of the procurement budget. Keywords: authority centralization, defense industry, Job Creation, legal response, technological dependency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Al Fadel Arman Rizzy)

113	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-68
Regulating Algorithmic Appraisal: A Normative-Juridical Study of AI-Generated Decision Systems in Indonesia^s Digital Gold Pawn Industrybmit This Sample Abstract Evyta Rosiyanti Ramadhani, Ayudya Rizqi Rachmawati, Roro Hera Kurnikova Faculty of Law, University of Jember Abstract This study examines the critical regulatory challenges posed by algorithmic appraisal systems within Indonesia^s rapidly digitizing gold pawn industry. While the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automated valuation models (AVMs) enhances operational efficiency, it introduces significant legal risks, including valuation errors, algorithmic bias, and accountability gaps. The primary objective is to analyze the adequacy of Indonesia^s existing legal framework and to propose a coherent regulatory model grounded in normative-juridical research. Employing a doctrinal methodology, the research utilizes statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze key regulations, including the Civil Code, financial service authority rules (POJK), and laws on electronic transactions, consumer protection, and personal data. The analysis identifies substantial regulatory deficiencies, particularly the absence of mandatory algorithmic audit standards, unresolved liability structures, and insufficient procedural guarantees for consumer explanation and redress. In response, the study proposes a four-pillar reform agenda. This includes the formal classification of AI-based appraisal as a high-risk financial system, mandatory algorithmic audits and impact assessments, binding explainability standards, and a reconstructed liability regime centered on strict deployer responsibility. This model imposes primary accountability on pawn operators, simplifying consumer redress and aligning with international norms on AI accountability. The study concludes that implementing this integrated framework is essential to balance technological innovation with consumer protection, legal certainty, and equitable economic participation in Indonesia^s digital pawn sector. Keywords: AI-Generated ,Digital Pawn Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ayudya Rizqi Rachmawati)

114	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-71
CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMATIC OF BANKING INDUSTRY SERVICES IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF DIGITALIZATION INNOVATION Febri Noor Hediati, May lidya Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mulawarman Abstract Dynamic technological advancements have led to significant transformations within the banking industry. Digital transformation is regulated under POJK Number 12/POJK.03/2021, which encompasses not only the transition from conventional to digital banking but also digital innovations that generate substantial operational cost efficiencies, system optimizations, and enhanced convenience for customers to transact independently. While digitalization in the banking sector benefits both banks and customers, it simultaneously poses challenges, legal protection issues, and legal consequences regarding the loss of customer funds in digital banks. This study employs a doctrinal research method with a statutory approach. The findings indicate that challenges faced by the banking industry in the digitalization era include building public trust, technological and cybersecurity risks, operational risks, regulatory and supervisory challenges, as well as public financial literacy. To address the issues concerning customer funds in the banking sector, banks must ensure reliable security systems, transparency of product information and risks, strict Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), secure and robust IT systems, and the preservation of system and data security. Under Articles 4 and 7 of Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, the principle of presumption of liability serves as the foundation for fund losses resulting from phishing or system failures- hence, banks are obligated to prove the implementation of cybersecurity in compliance with POJK No. 6/POJK.07/2022 and Article 245 of Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (UU P2SK). The legal consequence for the loss of customer funds in a digital bank includes compensation for unlawful acts (Perbuatan Melawan Hukum) if the bank is proven negligent in maintaining its system security. Keywords: Challenges, Problematics, Banking, Digitalization Keywords: Challenges, Problematics, Banking, Digitalization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Febri Noor Hediati)

115	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-75
The Impact of Deepfake Voice Artificial Intelligence on the Music Industry in Indonesia Christofher Dylan Antonio, Erna Susanti, Febri Noor Hediati Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mulawarman, Jalan Sambaliung No. 1, Samarinda, Indonesia Abstract Intellectual property rights constitute legal entitlements over creative works that possess economic and moral value. Among the various forms of intellectual property, copyright has recently experienced dynamic developments, particularly in relation to artificial intelligence technologies. The advancement of Artificial Intelligence, specifically Deepfake Voice technology, has facilitated the modification of songs and musical works while simultaneously raising significant concerns regarding copyright protection in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of AI Deepfake Voice utilization on the economic rights of creators resulting from the unauthorized commercialization of their works. The research employs a normative legal methodology incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The findings demonstrate that the commercial exploitation of Deepfake Voice technology without the creator^s consent results in the deprivation of economic rights, particularly royalties- the transfer of economic benefits to unauthorized parties- and the undermining of the copyright protection framework. Such practices contravene the provisions of Article 9 paragraph (2) of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, Article 3 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021, and Article 22 of Minister of Law Regulation Number 27 of 2025. Beyond inflicting financial losses upon creators, this phenomenon engenders legal uncertainty and potentially impedes the sustainability of the national music industry. Accordingly, strengthened regulatory implementation is imperative to ensure that copyright protection adequately accommodates the evolving landscape of AI technology. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Deepfake Voice, copyright, economic rights, commercialization. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Erna Susanti)

116	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-78
Combating Fake Order Cybercrimes Throughout Collective Legal Responses in Samarinda Rini Apriyani, Erich Extrada Neuflafu Law Faculty of Mulawarman University Abstract Digital platforms theoretically promise efficiency, yet the empirical reality demonstrates that online ride-hailing drivers are increasingly exposed to predatory cybercrimes, specifically fake order fraud. This research addresses a single critical inquiry: how can a comprehensive collective legal response dismantle the systemic barriers that currently deny legal protection to Maxim drivers in Samarinda? Utilizing a non-doctrinal socio-legal methodology, this study integrates primary data gathered through qualitative interviews with the Samarinda City Police and local management of PT. Maxim, alongside quantitative insights from questionnaires involving 56 active drivers. The findings reveal a distressing protection gap, as 94.6% of respondents confirmed being victims of fake orders, suffering significant financial losses without any compensatory relief from the platform provider. This vulnerability is sustained by the friction between obsolete Criminal Code frameworks and modern digital delicts, combined with overly rigid evidentiary requirements that stifle law enforcement efforts. Furthermore, the absence of explicit, protective legal clauses within corporate service guidelines exacerbates the precarious position of these digital workers. Ultimately, this research argues that moderating such digital abuse necessitates a robust collective legal response uniting statutory reform, proactive law enforcement, and mandatory corporate accountability to ensure absolute legal certainty and social protection for vulnerable gig workers. Keywords: Cyber Crime, Fake Orders, Legal Protection, Collective Legal Response, Gig Economy Workers. (minimum 3 and maximum 5 keywords from paper, in English, TNR size-11 pt, italicized, align justify, alphabetical order). Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rini Apriyani)

117	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-79
Combating Fake Order Cybercrimes Throughout Collective Legal Responses in Samarinda Rini Apriyani, Erich Extrada Neuflapu Law Faculty Of Mulawarman University Abstract Digital platforms theoretically promise efficiency, yet the empirical reality demonstrates that online ride-hailing drivers are increasingly exposed to predatory cybercrimes, specifically fake order fraud. This research addresses a single critical inquiry: how can a comprehensive collective legal response dismantle the systemic barriers that currently deny legal protection to Maxim drivers in Samarinda? Utilizing a non-doctrinal socio-legal methodology, this study integrates primary data gathered through qualitative interviews with the Samarinda City Police and local management of PT. Maxim, alongside quantitative insights from questionnaires involving 56 active drivers. The findings reveal a distressing protection gap, as 94.6% of respondents confirmed being victims of fake orders, suffering significant financial losses without any compensatory relief from the platform provider. This vulnerability is sustained by the friction between obsolete Criminal Code frameworks and modern digital delicts, combined with overly rigid evidentiary requirements that stifle law enforcement efforts. Furthermore, the absence of explicit, protective legal clauses within corporate service guidelines exacerbates the precarious position of these digital workers. Ultimately, this research argues that moderating such digital abuse necessitates a robust collective legal response uniting statutory reform, proactive law enforcement, and mandatory corporate accountability to ensure absolute legal certainty and social protection for vulnerable gig workers. Keywords: Cyber Crime, Fake Orders, Legal Protection, Collective Legal Response, Gig Economy Workers. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Erich Extrada Neuflapu)

118	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-86
LEGAL CERTAINTY AND REGULATION OF PATENT TYING PRACTICES IN THE TELEMATICS SECTOR: A PERSPECTIVE FROM COMPETITION LAW AND PATENT LAW IN INDONESIA Rohaini, Ria Wierma Putri, Rasyid Agung Prawira Universitas Lampung Abstract This study examines the legal contradiction between Indonesia^s Patent Law, which grants exclusive rights to patent holders, and Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, with a specific focus on patent tying practices. This regulatory gap has widened following the 2024 revision of the Patent Law, which has not explicitly formulated boundaries for tying within licensing agreements, creating tension between Article 15(2) of the Competition Law and Articles 76-78 of the Patent Law. Using normative legal research with statute, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study aims to: (1) construct the juridical basis of patent tying practices from the perspective of competition and patent law- (2) formulate critical parameters distinguishing lawful patent tying from practices that violate competition principles- and (3) design an ideal legal arrangement for patent tying in Indonesia^s telematics industry. Comparative analysis is drawn from the United States (Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.) and the European Union (Huawei v. ZTE, Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation) to extract universal principles adaptable to the Indonesian legal context, particularly regarding Standard Essential Patents (SEP) and the Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) principle. The study is expected to contribute clearer legal parameters for assessing the legality of patent tying based on market power, innovation efficiency, and the risk of market foreclosure, as well as policy recommendations to harmonize the authority of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI) and the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) in regulating patent licensing within the digital economy. Keywords: Patent Tying, Competition Law, Patent Law, Telematics Industry, Standard Essential Patent Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rohaini Rohaini)

119	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-107
The Convergence of Quantum Computing and Criminal Evidence Law: Rethinking the Admissibility of Electronic Evidence in the Digital Era Abdurrahman (1*), Qorina Khoirunisa (2) (1) Faculty of Law, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia *abdurrahman[at]fh.unsri.ac.id (2) Faculty of Sharia and Law, Raden Fatah State Islamic University (UIN), Indonesia Abstract The advancement of emerging digital technologies has created new challenges for existing legal frameworks, particularly concerning electronic evidence, which has been recognized as a valid form of evidence under criminal procedural law. The management of electronic evidence faces several challenges, including the vulnerability and volatility of digital data, encrypted technologies, and cross-border jurisdictional complexities. The emergence of quantum computing is expected to significantly transform digital security systems. Its ability to break current cryptographic algorithms may jeopardize the authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of electronic evidence, while simultaneously providing opportunities for law enforcement through enhanced decryption and digital forensic capabilities. These developments raise concerns regarding the preparedness of criminal procedural law in responding to technological advancement. This study examines the implications of quantum computing for electronic evidence admissibility, evaluates the existing legal framework, and proposes directions for criminal procedural law reform. Using a doctrinal legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study finds that quantum computing does not currently affect the legal admissibility of electronic evidence but may compromise the reliability of mechanisms ensuring authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation. Therefore, legal reform should focus on strengthening electronic evidence regulation, establishing authentication and integrity standards, harmonizing relevant regulations, and implementing post-quantum cryptographic standards. Keywords: Electronic Evidence, Quantum Computing, Criminal Procedure, Evidence Law Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdurrahman Abdurrahman)

120	Technological Moderation for Collective Legal Response (Legal Innovation- Collaborative Regulation- Technology and Law)	ABS-110
Can Artificial Intelligence Become an Advocate? Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Perspectives Muhammad Zerga Caesar Monarky Hutasuhut Universitas Terbuka Abstract Abstract The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming legal services by enabling automated legal research, contract drafting, case analysis, and predictive decision-making. These developments have sparked debate over whether AI could eventually perform functions traditionally carried out by advocates. This study aims to examine the potential of AI to assume certain advocacy-related roles while analyzing the legal, ethical, and regulatory implications of its implementation within the justice system. This research employs a normative legal research method using a statute, conceptual, and comparative approach. The analysis draws upon legal frameworks, scholarly literature, ethical principles governing the legal profession, and recent developments in AI-assisted legal technologies. The study finds that AI has significant potential to improve the efficiency, accessibility, and consistency of legal services, particularly in legal research, document preparation, and case management. However, AI remains unable to fully replace advocates due to limitations in legal reasoning, ethical judgment, client representation, confidentiality, and courtroom advocacy. Furthermore, the increasing use of AI raises important concerns regarding accountability, transparency, professional responsibility, data privacy, and regulatory oversight. This paper concludes that AI should be regarded as a complementary tool rather than a substitute for legal professionals. Establishing comprehensive legal and ethical governance frameworks is essential to ensure the responsible integration of AI into legal practice while preserving justice, public trust, and the fundamental values of the legal profession. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence- Legal Innovation- Legal Ethics- Technology and Law- Advocacy. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Zerga Caesar Monarky Hutasuhut)

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