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1	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-10
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) Is Applied As An Adjuvant For Lead (Pb) And Iron (Fe) Metals In Water Rahmatul Fajri, Jofrishal, Muslimah, Yulida Amri Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416 Abstract The quality of drinking water can be affected by many things, one of which is due to contamination of Lead (Pb) and Iron (Fe). An alternative that can be done to reduce the concentration of Pb2+ and Fe3+ metal ions in water is through an adsorption process using an adsorbent from Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) material. ZIF-8 was synthesized by solvothermal method using methanol as solvent. ZIF-8 sample characterization was tested using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared). The adsorption process of Pb2+ and Fe3+ metals in this study was carried out by varying the mass of the adsorbent and varying the contact time. Based on the influence of ZIF-8 mass, the highest adsorption capacity value was at 0.1 g ZIF-8 mass and the adsorption capacity decreased at 0.2 g ZIF-8 mass. Based on the effect of contact time, the highest adsorption capacity value was at 60 minutes contact time, the adsorption capacity value decreased when the contact time was increased to 90 minutes and decreased again at 120 minutes contact time. The synthesized ZIF-8 was effectively applied as an adsorbent for metals Pb2+ and Fe3+, this was indicated by the high adsorption proportion of ZIF-8 Keywords: Water, ZIF-8, Adsorption, Metal, Pb, Fe Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahmatul Fajri)

2	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-14
The Integration of Soluble Solid Content (SSC) Data : Classification and Prediction of Oranges Quality Ida Ratna Nila (a*), M.Ari Fahril (a), Sabrian Tri Anda (a), Rachmad Almi Putra (a), Fajriani (a), Afrahun Naziah (a), Fira Lita Ananda (b) Evalina Siahan (b), Rahmatul Fajri (c) (a) Physics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 (b) Physics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 (c) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 *idaratnanila[at]unsam.ac.id Abstract Oranges fruit ripeness is an important factor in determining the quality and selling value of the fruit. Currently, orange fruits are classified through visual analysis of fruit skin color, which proves both ineffective and inefficient. This research aims to classify orange fruits by sweetness level using digital image processing techniques, validated through Soluble Solid Content (SSC) measurements. The ripeness level of orange fruits is measured based on color and texture features extracted from digital images, and subsequently validated using a refractometer for sugar content measurement. This method aims to provide a non-destructive alternative in determining the ripeness of orange fruits. The study employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for classifying orange fruits quality based on physical characteristics (color texture, size, and weight). The sample used consisted of 98 orange fruits with three maturity categories: unripe, ripe, and overripe. The results show that this method can identify the ripeness of orange fruits with an accuracy of up to 93%, providing potential for practical applications in the agricultural and fruit processing industries. Keywords: oranges maturity classification- digital image processing- Soluble Solid Content (SSC)- quality control- non-destructive. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ida Ratna Nila)

3	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-15
Thermal Properties of Soil in Relation to Foundation Stability and Heat Transfer in Subsurface Environments Radhiyullah Armi (a*), Rachmad Almi Putra (b), T. Andi Fadly (a), Fajriani (b), Sabrian Tri Anda (b), Afrahun Naziah (b), M. Ari Fahril (b), Adriya Egi Widana (b), Rahmatilla (b) a) Department of Physics, Science and Technology Faculty, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416 *radhiyullah[at]unsam.ac.id b) Department of Geophysics, Science and Technology Faculty, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416 Abstract Understanding soil thermal properties, particularly thermal conductivity, is crucial for assessing foundation stability and subsurface heat transfer in various engineering applications. Despite the increasing importance of thermal analysis in geotechnical engineering, there remains a gap in the application of high resolution, field measurement techniques in small scale or localized areas, such as urban campuses, where thermal conditions may vary significantly due to environmental factors. This study utilizes the state of the art transient line source method for measuring soil thermal conductivity, using the TCR24 device, known for its high resolution and accuracy. The research was conducted at Universitas Samudra, located in Kota Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia, a region with varying soil compositions and environmental conditions. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal properties of the soil in relation to foundation stability and heat transfer behavior in subsurface environments. By quantifying the thermal conductivity of local soil, the research aims to provide insights into how thermal properties influence foundation design, particularly in areas with variable thermal fluxes. Methodologically, TCR24 was employed to measure thermal conductivity at several locations on the university campus. The results are analyzed in the context of how heat transfer within the soil affects the long term stability of structures, especially in Langsa tropical climates , where temperature fluctuations and soil moisture variations are significant. The findings have direct implications for improving foundation design strategies, enabling more accurate assessments of heat transfer in geotechnical systems, and contributing to better informed decisions in civil engineering projects in regions with similar soil and climate conditions. Keywords: Thermal conductivity, Soil Thermal Conductivity, Heat Transfer, Thermal Analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Radhiyullah Armi)

4	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-17
Facile Synthesis of Chlorophyll-based Spirulina Biotransducer via Calcium Nitrate Preparation for Diabetes Detection Mulia Safrida Sari1*, Rachmad Almi Putra2, Yonadiah Dwitya3, M Ari Fahril4, Tia Triska5 1,3,5 Department of Biology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra 2,4 Department of Geophysics, Faculty Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of calcium nitrate as a specific nutrient capable of enhancing the chlorophyll content in spirulina. The experimental design employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with Two Factors, consisting of 12 treatments and 3 replications. Each research group was conditioned with varying salinity levels: 0 ppt (S0), 25 ppt (S25), and 35 ppt (S35). In the treatment groups, calcium nitrate was added at different concentrations: 2.5 g/L (P1), 3.5 g/L (P2), and 4.5 g/L (P3). Biomass accumulation and specific growth rate were monitored and data were collected throughout the experiment. At the end of the treatment period, chlorophyll was extracted and its concentration was measured using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis. Data were analyzed using Two-Factorial ANOVA, followed by Duncan^s post-hoc test at a 5% or 0.05 significance level. The results indicated that the addition of calcium nitrate at a concentration of 4.5 g/L combined with 35 ppt salinity increased the average biomass productivity over 15 days by 5.1 g/L, which correlated with a specific growth rate in the stationary phase of 0.12 per unit time. Furthermore, the addition of calcium nitrate at a concentration of 4.5 g/L in 35 ppt salinity was found to increase total chlorophyll concentration to 70.15 &#956-g/mL, further supporting its potential as a supplementary nutrient to enhance the biotransducer properties of spirulina chlorophyll. Keywords: Calcium nitrate, Spirulina, Chlorophyll, Biomass productivity, FTIR, Biotransducer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mulia Safrida Sari)

5	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-42
Immunoinformatics Approach for the Identification of T-Cell Epitopes from 6-Cysteine P48/45 Protein of Plasmodium falciparum for Malaria Vaccine Development Jofrishal (a), Rizarullah (b*), Rahmatul Fajri (c), Tirta Setiawan (d) a) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, 24415, Indonesia b) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Abulyatama University, Jl. Blangbintang Lama, Aceh Besar 23372, Indonesia *rizarullah_fk[at]abulyatama.ac.id c) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, 24415, Indonesia d) Program Study of Data Science, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, South of Lampung, Indonesia Abstract Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is one of the deadly parasitic diseases that requires new strategies in vaccine development. In this study, we used an immunoinformatic approach to explore the target protein 6-Cysteine P48/45 of Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7, which is known to have an important role in the infection process and parasite life cycle. This protein was chosen for its ability to trigger a strong immune response, making it a potential candidate for malaria vaccine development. This study aims to identify and predict cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and helper T cell (HTL) epitopes derived from the 6-Cysteine P48/45 protein as potential vaccine candidates through an immunoinformatic approach. Immunoinformatic studies were conducted using several bioinformatics software to predict CTL and HTL epitopes of 6-Cysteine P48/45 protein. Epitope prediction was based on affinity to MHC class I and class II molecules. The resulting epitopes were further evaluated based on immunogenicity, allergenicity and conservation across strains. The assessment is done to ensure the candidate epitopes generated have potential as effective vaccine targets. Potential epitopes were linked with AAY and GPGPG linkers. The multi-epitope vaccine protein sequences obtained were predicted for their terse structures using alphafold 3. This study successfully identified five cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and five helper T cell (HTL) epitopes that have high affinity to MHC class I and MHC class II molecules. The results of interaction analysis with Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) obtained a binding free energy value of 109.26 kcal/mol. Immune response simulation results show that the multiepitope vaccine candidate can activate the adaptive and humoral immune systems and generate long-term B cell memory. Based on these results, the development of this multi-epitope malaria vaccine is a significant step forward in the effort to create a potential malaria vaccine. Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Immunoinformatics, 6-Cysteine P48/45, Malaria vaccine, Multiepitope vaccine, Molecular dynamic simulation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizarullah Rizarullah)

6	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-54
Total Phenolic Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Tingkem (Bischofia javanica Blume) Leaves Extract Collected from Lawe Gurah Forest, Ketambe Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah (a*), Ulil Amna (a), Vivi Mardina (b), Misdi Misdi (b) a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Samudra University, Langsa, 24416 Indonesia *halimatussakdiah[at]unsam.ac.id b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Samudra University, Langsa, 24416 Indonesia Abstract The leaves of Tingkem (Bischofia javanica Blume) are recognized for containing various secondary metabolites with potential as natural antioxidants. This research aims to determine the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity in Tingkem leaves methanol extract (B. javanica Blume) collected from Lawe Gurah Forest, Ketambe. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics in the methanol extract, each contributing to its biological activity. The total phenolic content was measured using the Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) standard, yielding 2.152 mg GAE/g extract. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed through the DPPH radical scavenging method, establishing the IC50 value as an indicator of antioxidant potency. Results showed that Tingkem leaves methanol extract had an IC50 of 50.139 ppm, suggesting strong antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that Tingkem leaves extract could serve as a valuable natural antioxidant source, aiding in the reduction of oxidative stress and contributing to health preservation through the prevention of degenerative diseases. Based on the phenolic content and substantial free radical scavenging ability, this extract shows promise for future applications in the pharmaceutical and health sectors as a plant-derived antioxidant. This study encourages further investigation into the active metabolites and toxicity profiling to support the broader use of Tingkem as a source of valuable phytochemicals. Keywords: Antioxidants- Phenolics- Bischofia javanica Blume- Tingkem- Ketambe. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah)

7	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-55
Ovicidal Potential of Magnolia sumatrana var. glauca Leaf Extract Against Golden Apple Snail Eggs *Fitriani1, Beni Alfajar1, Adnan2, Muslimah3, Syamsul Bahri2, Ratna Lestari1, Aulia Syahputri1, Neli Permata Sari1 1.Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi,Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia 2.Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia 3.Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia Abstract The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) is a significant pest in rice fields, with its prolific egg-laying contributing to rapid population growth and substantial crop damage. This study investigates the ovicidal potential of Magnolia sumatrana var. glauca leaf extract as an eco-friendly method for controlling P. canaliculata populations by targeting its eggs. The experiment employed a randomized complete design (RCD) with seven treatments and five replicates, testing leaf extract concentrations as follows: F0 (positive control - chemical agent), F1 (negative control), F2 (6% extract), F3 (8% extract), F4 (10% extract), F5 (12% extract), and F6 (14% extract). Egg clusters were treated in laboratory conditions, and observations were conducted over a 14-day period to assess egg viability, mortality rates, and structural changes in the eggshell. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA. The results indicated that application of M. sumatrana leaf ethanol extract at 12% and 14% effectively inhibited egg hatching by 100%, reducing the hatching rate to 0% and preventing hatching for up to 14 days post-treatment.The results indicate that M. sumatrana leaf extract has potent ovicidal effects, highlighting its potential as a sustainable alternative for controlling golden apple snail populations. Further research is recommended to assess its broader applications and impact on non-target species in agricultural ecosystems. Keywords: Eco-friendly pest control- Golden apple snail- Magnolia sumatrana- Ovicidal potential Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitriani Fitriani)

8	Applied Physics and Chemistry	ABS-66
Active Biopack: Innovation in Food Packaging Application Technology from Essential Oil Active Biopolymer and its Application in Science Learning Ratih Permana Sari(a,b)*, Muzzazinah(c), Sulistyo Saputro(a) a) Doctorate Program of Science Education, FKIP, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36A, Surakarta, Indonesia b) Chemistry Education Study Program, FKIP, Universitas Samudra, Jalan Prof. Dr. Syarief Tayeb, Langsa, Indonesia *ratihps[at]student.uns.ac.id c) Biology Education Study Program, FKIP, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36A, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract This research aims to describe clearly based on a literature review of the technological innovation of Active Bio pack as a food packaging application made from biopolymers made from essential oils, as well as its application in learning Natural Sciences (IPA). Active Bio pack is designed to overcome environmental problems due to plastic waste by providing a biodegradable packaging solution that has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties from essential oils. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research that includes the study of Active Bio pack using different biopolymers and essential oils, testing its mechanical and functional properties. In addition, this study also describes effective learning elements involving students in the process of making and testing Active Bio pack. The results showed that Active Bio pack is effective in inhibiting microbial growth and slowing down the oxidation process in food products, thus extending their shelf life. In the context of learning, some integration of learning elements on the Active Bio pack material can be done to be able to improve students^ understanding of the concepts of biotechnology, chemistry, and ecology, as well as develop critical and collaborative thinking skills. Limitations of the study include challenges in large-scale production, essential oil stability, and limited facilities and knowledge in schools. This research concludes that Active Bio pack not only provides an innovative and eco-friendly solution for food packaging, but also has the potential to be an effective learning tool in science education. Further support from various parties is needed to overcome the limitations and maximize the benefits of this technology. Keywords: Biopolymer- Essensial Oil- Active Packaging- Science Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ratih Permana Sari)

9	Curriculum and Learning Innovation	ABS-1
Conceptual Understanding of the Students using Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) Learning Nurhasana Siregar, Sri Utami Kholilla Mora Siregar Universitas Graha Nusantara Abstract This study present an investigation of student^s conceptual understanding, using quasi-experimental method. This study using two type of class, first, an experiment class with 27 students where the ADI method is given and, second, the control class eight 30 students with conventional learning method. Pre-test and post-test are given to take data from both classes, using the essay test about wave concept. The average scores of the conceptual understanding of control class and experiment class is respectively 46.20 and 55.61and the t-test result is tcount > ttable (4.256 >1.673). The result show that there^s a significant impact of ADI learning to the understanding of wave concept. This also supported by the N-gain scores of the class experiment by (0.43) which is in medium category, while the control class is (0.28) which is in low category. ADI is a learning method that emphasizes the scientific argumentation process that can give an positive impact on the student^s understanding on wave concept. Keywords: conceptual understanding, waves, scientific argumentation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurhasana Siregar)

10	Curriculum and Learning Innovation	ABS-16
Interconnection between students ability to understand concepts and scientific argumentation skills through flipped-problem based learning Mentari Darma Putri (a*), Tariza Fairuz (b), Tulus Setiawan (c) a) Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Samudra, Indonesia *mentari_darmap[at]unsam.ac.id b) Science Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia c) Physics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia Abstract This correlational study aims to analyze the interconnection between students^ ability to understand concepts and scientific argumentation skills through flipped-problem based learning on material pressure. Data on the ability to understand concepts and scientific argumentation skills were obtained from the data pre-test and post-test and then the average score N-Gain was calculated. The average score N-Gain is used to determine how much an increase in a variable is, in this case, the test results of the ability to understand concepts and scientific argumentation skills of students after participating in learning with the flipped-PBL model. To analyze the correlation between the two variables, the correlation test formula is used Product Moment from Pearsons. The results of the correlation analysis using data on increasing the ability to understand concepts and scientific argumentation skills obtained a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.002, which means that there is a positive and significant relationship between increasing students^ ability to understand concepts and scientific argumentation skills. The correlation coefficient between the increase in the ability to understand concepts and argumentation skills of students obtained is equal to 0.519- meaning that the interconnection between increasing the ability to understand concepts and increasing students^ scientific argumentation skills is in the moderate category (strong enough). Keywords: understand concepts- argumentation skills- flipped-problem based learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mentari Darma Putri)

11	Curriculum and Learning Innovation	ABS-20
Instagram-Based Element Chemistry Poker Card Game in Improving Students^ Critical Thinking Dwi Bagus Rendy Astid Putera, Wiwin Puspita Hadi, Dea Adira Agustina Trunojoyo University of Madura Abstract Learning media in chemistry subjects is needed so that students can better understand chemical materials that are very complex. Developing media by combining game elements is one innovative solution to improve chemistry learning in the classroom.. Instagram-based Poker Chemistry Card game media as an alternative media in learning elemental chemistry. Critical thinking is a whole series of cognitive activities that are used by individuals in dealing with problems. This study aims to analyze the effect of applying the Instagram-based poker Chemistry Elements card game to increasing students^ critical thinking. This research is a quasi-experimental research with Non-equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. This research was conducted in class XI SMA with a total sample of 70 students. The selection of samples was done randomly. The test instrument consists of 10 items that are arranged based on critical thinking indicators, namely elementary clarification, basic support, inference, advances clarification, strategies and tactics. Critical thinking tests were given to control and experimental classes before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using a single ANCOVA with pretest as the covariate. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the application of instagram-based elemental chemistry poker cards on students^ critical thinking in elemental chemistry material. These results indicate that instagram-based elemental chemistry poker cards can improve students^ critical thinking in learning chemistry. Keywords: educational games, poker card, instagram, chemical, critical thinking Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Bagus Rendy Astid Putera)

12	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-11
Identification of Aquifers and Groundwater Availability Potential in Gampong Meurandeh Using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) Method Fajriani(a*), Sabrian Tri Anda(a) Afrahun Naziah(a), Rachmad Almi Putra(a), M. Ari Fahril(a), Ida Ratna Nila(a), Radhiyullah Armi(b), Thania Alisya(a) a) Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jl. Prof. Dr. Syarif Thayeb, Langsa 24416, Indonesia *fajriani[at]unsam.ac.id b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jl. Prof. Dr. Syarif Thayeb, Langsa 24416, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to identify the groundwater potential in the residential area of Gampong Meurandeh using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. This method was chosen for its effectiveness in detecting aquifer layers and the geological characteristics beneath the surface. The VES analysis results indicate that the aquifer layer is identified at depths ranging from 19 to 25 meters. Additionally, water discharge measurements show an average discharge of 349.37 m3/day, indicating a considerable potential for groundwater utilization in the area. The availability of adequate groundwater is crucial for the community, particularly for meeting daily needs, agriculture, and health. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for sustainable groundwater resource management and to support the well-being of the community in Gampong Meurandeh. Keywords: Groundwater- Gampong Meurandeh- Vertical Electrical Sounding- Aquifer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fajriani Fajriani)

13	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-13
MEASUREMENT OF SKY BRIGHTNESS USING SKY QUALITY METER FOR DETERMINING DARK LOCATION OF ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATION AND DETERMINATION OF TWILIGHT IN BANGKA ISLAND Mega Sukma (a*), Dhani Herdiwijaya (b), Fadilah Sabri (a), Abu Yazid Raisal (c) a) Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technique and Sciences, Muhammadiyah University Bangka Belitung, Pangkalanbaru 33684, Indonesia *mega.sukma[at]unmuhbabel.ac.id b) Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Abstract Light pollution is a broad term that refers to a number of problems, all of which are caused by the inefficiency of using artificial light. By utilizing Sky Quality Meter (SQM), the light pollution can be measured objectively. This study examines light pollution in six locations using SQM LU DL, especially in Bangka Island. The data obtained from SQM is graphed so that it can be seen the transition from night to morning. The darker the sky, the higher the night sky brightness (NSB) level and the better as a place for astronomical observations. Results The darkest location is in the Bangka Induk area Bakam Village 22.24 mpsas and the brightest location is in the Ketawai Beach area, Central Bangka Regency with a NSB value of 16.54 mpsas. Areas with high light pollution have NSB of around 12 mpsas in the horizon direction, and 16 mpsas in the zenith direction. Areas with low light pollution have a NSB of around 17mpsas in the horizon direction, and around 20 mpsas in the zenith direction. Regression correlation between sky brightness and solar depression angle is 0.79 with depression angle range between 10.80 and 17.46 below horizon. The zenith direction SQM tends to have a deeper depression angle than the east direction Keywords: Sky brightness, SQM, Solar depression angle Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mega Sukma)

14	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-19
Exploring Subsurface Water Resources: A Dual Approach Using Gravity Anomalies and Electrical Properties to Track Aquifers and Recharge Areas Radhiyullah Armi (a*), Sabrian Tri Anda (b), Rachmad Almi Putra (b), Fajriani (b), Afrahun Naziah (b), M. Ari Fahril (b), Ida Ratna Nila (b) a) Department of Physics, Science and Technology Faculty, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416 *radhiyullah[at]unsam.ac.id b) Department of Geophysics, Science and Technology Faculty, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416 Abstract The study addresses the gap in understanding the significant disparities in groundwater quality across Langsa City, where certain areas suffer from poor water quality, whereas others benefit from cleaner, uncontaminated water. Consequently, state-of-the-art methods, including the integration of satellite gravity data, geological surveys, and geoelectric measurements, are applied to thoroughly investigate the subsurface water resources. The primary purpose of this research is to identify the location of the main aquifers and delineate recharge zones, which are essential for understanding groundwater system of the city. To achieve this, the methodology involves the analysis of gravity anomalies and electrical properties of subsurface formations, combined with ongoing well water sampling. As a result, the study is expected to pinpoint key aquifers and recharge areas, thus providing critical insights into the structure and behavior of the groundwater. In conclusion, the findings underscore the need for sustainable water resource management, with implications including practical recommendations for local authorities to mitigate water quality degradation and prevent further land subsidence. Keywords: Gravity anomaly, Resistivity, Aquifer investigation, Water resources Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Radhiyullah Armi)

15	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-21
Potential Development of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott as a Sustainable Vegetable and Nutraceutical Source in Serbajadi, East Aceh, Indonesia Adnan (a*), Zidni Ilman Navia (b), Sara Gustia Wibowo (b), Parlindungan Lubis (b), Ariq Fahliansyah (a), Agus Putra A. Samad (c) a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Samudra, Indonesia, 24416 *adnan[at]unsam.ac.id b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Samudra, Indonesia, 24416 c) Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Indonesia Abstract Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, also known as Deng, is a tuber plant that the Gayo tribe of East Aceh has long used as a food source. This plant is known for its high carbohydrate content, dietary fiber, and critical micronutrients. This research aims to investigate X. sagittifolium^s dietary content and potential as a sustainable food source. According to the study, X. sagittifolium is high in starch and contains vital elements like potassium and magnesium. In addition, beneficial substances such as phenolics and antioxidants were found. Field observations show that this plant is very versatile, surviving in various conditions including aquatic, wetland, and dry land areas. These characteristics, dietary value, and ecological adaptability indicate that X. sagittifolium has the potential to play an important role in addressing food security and enhancing health through its usage in nutraceutical products. These findings emphasize its significance in promoting sustainable food production and satisfying the growing need for functional foods, particularly in light of climate change and food insecurity Keywords: Xanthosoma sagittifolium- Tuber crops- Nutritional composition- Sustainable food source- Nutraceuticals Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adnan Adnan)

16	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-27
Assessment of Groundwater Potential Using Self-Potential Method and Geological Data: A Case Study in Langsa City Hamdani (a), Sabrian Tri Anda (b*), Zul Fadhli (c), Rachmad Almi Putra (b), Fajriani (b), Ida Ratna Nila (b), Afrahun Naziah (b), Muhammad Ari Fahril (b), Radhiyullah Armi (d) (a) Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 (b) Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 *sabriantrianda[at]unsam.ac.id (c) Geophysics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief No.441, Kopelma Darussalam, Kec. Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111 (d) Physics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 Abstract Langsa City faces significant challenges in ensuring a stable supply of clean water, as it currently depends heavily on the local water supply company (PDAM). This study aims to provide an alternative by investigating the potential of groundwater as a sustainable clean water source. The research applies the Self Potential (SP) method alongside geological base maps and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) to analyze groundwater distribution patterns. The initial focus of the study covers three key areas in Langsa City which are Birem Puntong, Lengkong, and Meurandeh. By integrating the SP method with geological data, this study seeks to establish a correlation between subsurface electrical potentials and groundwater flow, offering a more detailed understanding of the hydrogeological conditions. A two dimensional (2D) modeling approach is used to map the distribution of SP values, revealing the relationship between geological formations and potential groundwater reservoirs. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the spatial variation of groundwater resources in Langsa City. The findings are expected to contribute valuable data for local water resource management, helping to identify viable groundwater sources that could serve as a reliable alternative to the current water supply system. Ultimately, this study could pave the way for more sustainable solutions to meet the growing demand for clean water in Langsa, reducing dependency on PDAM and improving water security for the region. Keywords: Groundwater, Langsa, Self-Potential, DEM Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sabrian Tri Anda)

17	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-28
Geophysical Exploration of Groundwater Resources in Langsa City: Integrated SP, VES, and Geological Data Modeling Sabrian Tri Anda (a), Zul Fadhli (b*), Marwan (b), Ida Ratna Nila (a), Rachmad Almi Putra (a), Fajriani (a), Muhammad Ari Fahril (a), Afrahun Naziah (a), Radhiyullah Armi (c), Sindi Aulia Permata Sari (c) (a) Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 (b) Geophysics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief No.441, Kopelma Darussalam, Kec. Syiah Kuala, Kota Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111 zulfadhli[at]usk.ac.id (c) Physics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa Lama, Langsa City, Aceh 24416 Abstract Increasing challenges in securing sustainable water sources necessitate the exploration of aquifer potential and groundwater distribution patterns in Langsa City, specifically in Birem Buntung, Lengkong, and Meurandeh. This study integrates Self Potential (SP) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) geophysical methods, supported by geological base maps and Digital Elevation Models (DEM), to validate the presence of groundwater and map its distribution. By combining SP and VES techniques, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of subsurface hydrogeological conditions and aquifer potential. The integration of geophysical data with geological information and satellite imagery enhances the accuracy of groundwater identification and distribution analysis. A two dimensional (2D) modeling approach is employed to detail the spatial variation of subsurface features, offering a thorough evaluation of the groundwater potential of the area. The results of this research are expected to support more effective water resource management and policy development, aiding in the identification of viable aquifers that could serve as alternative clean water sources. These findings have broader implications for improving water security and contributing to more sustainable and resilient water systems in Langsa City. Keywords: sustainable water source, VES, SP, DEM Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sabrian Tri Anda)

18	Earth and Environmental Sciences	ABS-71
Mathematical Modeling to Analyze the Spread of Coronavirus Disease in Aceh Province Ulya Nabilla, Anayya Alfatiha, Fitra Muliani Universitas Samudra Abstract Abstract is submitted as file Keywords: Covid, SEIR, Next Generation Matrix Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ulya Nabilla)

19	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-9
Comic as a Physics Learning Media: A Systematic Literature Review Abu Yazid Raisal*, Muhammad Hidayat, Arwin Juli Rakhmadi, Rahimah Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Jl. Kapt. Mukhtar Basri No. 3 Medan, 20238, Indonesia abuyazidraisal[at]umsu.ac.id Abstract This study aims to systematically review the literature on using comic as a physics learning media. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) framework was used as a formal systematic review guideline for data collection. Data were obtained from research results during the period 2015-2024. This analysis includes a total of 27 papers from the Scopus database. Our findings show that most comics used as a medium for learning physics are in digital form. The physics materials discussed include electricity, parabolic motion, momentum and impulse, force, work and energy, Newton^s laws, global warming, temperature and heat, and optical instruments. Most studies focus on the development of comics, while others focus on the effectiveness and implementation of comics in learning. Using comics as a medium for learning physics can improve mathematical representation, vector representation, verbal representation, critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, conceptual understanding, motivation, scientific attitudes, character, and cognitive achievement. Comics can also map cooperative attitudes, process skills, and motivation and train conceptual understanding. Keywords: Comic, Physics learning media, Systematic review Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abu Yazid Raisal)

20	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-18
Revealing the Story Behind Conflict Monuments: Conflict History Narratives as an Enrichment of History Learning Resources for High School Students Aulia Rahman (a), Okhaifi Prasetyo (b), Imam Hadi Sutrisno (c), Mufti Riyani (d), Madhan Anis (e) (a) Departemen History Education, Universitas Samudra, Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416, Indonesia (b) Departemen History Education, Universitas Samudra, Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416, Indonesia (c)Departemen History Education, Universitas Samudra, Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416, Indonesia (d) Departemant Primary teacher education, Universitas Samudra, Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416, Indonesia (e) Departemen History Education, Universitas Samudra, Jl, Prof. Dr. Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Kec. Langsa Lama, Kota Langsa, Aceh 24416, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to uncover the story behind the conflict monuments in Sedie Jadi Village, focusing on how the narrative of the Aceh conflict can be utilized as an enrichment for history learning resources for high school students. The Aceh conflict, which lasted for several decades, left a profound impact on various regions, including Sedie Jadi Village. The monuments built in this village serve as important symbols of the collective memory of the community related to the struggles and suffering endured during the conflict. Through a qualitative approach, this study explores the narratives embedded in the monuments and the oral stories of local residents about the Aceh conflict, analyzing their potential integration into school history lessons. The study finds that the historical narrative of the Aceh conflict from the monuments in Sedie Jadi Village not only enriches students^ understanding of local history but also imparts lessons on reconciliation, resilience, and peace. By involving students in understanding the Aceh conflict through a local perspective, it is expected that they will be more connected to the national historical context and its impact on society. This study recommends utilizing monuments and local historical narratives as integral parts of more interactive and relevant history education for younger generations. Keywords: historical narrative- conflict monument- Aceh conflict- learning resources- high school- Sedie Jadi Village- history education Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aulia Rahman)

21	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-25
The Analysis of Science Concept for Junior High Schools in the Mangrove Context of Labuhan Village, Sepulu District Yamin(a*), Try Hartiningsih(a), Ahmad Zulfi(a), Silvi Eka Pratiwi(a) a) Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Trunojoyo Madura University Jl. Raya Telang, PO BOX 2 Kamal, Bangkalan, Jawa Timur 69162, Indonesia *yamin[at]trunojoyo.ac.id Abstract Science learning is one of the education systems that makes the natural environment as an object of learning. One of the natural environments that can be used as teaching materials is mangroves by utilizing the ecological value of the mangrove ecosystem. It is important to analyze the science material for junior high school in the context of the Mangrove in Labuhan Village, Sepulu District, which can later be used as a source of science learning for junior high school students. The purpose of this study was to analyze the science learning material contained in the local wisdom of the mangrove in Labuhan Village, Sepulu District. This study uses a quantitative descriptive research design with a literature study approach. The location of data collection is at the Mangrove Learning Park in Labuhan Village, Sepulu District. The results of the analysis show that the material contained in the Sepulu mangrove ecology is the classification of living things- Ecology and biodiversity of Indonesia- structure and function of the body of living things- Substances and Their Changes- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures- Energy, Work and simple machines- and a concept about vibration. Keywords: Science Material- Local Wisdom- Ethnoscience- Labuhan Village Mangrove Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yamin Yamin)

22	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-38
LITERATURE REVIEW: INTEGRATION ETHNOSCIENCE IN LEARNING SCIENCE Nursamsu, Muhammad Khalil, Rizky Nafaida 1.2 Department of Biology Education, Samudra University , Langsa, Indonesia 3 Department of Physics Education, Samudra University, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia Abstract Ethnoscience is a learning approach that uses local knowledge as a source or object Study, Which can integrated in learning Which served in a way contextual. This approach is designed to create a learning environment that designs experience Study as part from process learning school base. Ethnoscience enter ethnography to in learning, Which can explain details material learning, room class, environment Study, method learning, And approach culture-based learning. The main objective of this study is to understand How integration ethnoscience in learning Science. Method Which used in This research is a literature study, which involves collecting data from various sources. relevant articles or literature. The results obtained from 6 articles that have been researched that importance enter element ethnoscience (culture, tradition, And values local) in process learning Knowledge Knowledge Natural (science). This Because ethnoscience can give perspective Which unique And deep about How natural can understood And valued in context culture local. Keywords: Literature Review- Integration Ethnoscience- Learning Science Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (nursamsu nursamsu)

23	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-39
FEASIBILITY AND PRACTICALITY OF TEACHING MATERIALS TO TRAIN PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS Marjanah, Elfrida, Ayu Wahyuny 1Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Samudra University. Jl. Prof Dr Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa 24354, Aceh, Indonesia. Tel./Fax. 085359725073, &#61609-email: Abstract his study aims to assess the feasibility and practicality of teaching materials in training problem solving skills in students. Effective teaching materials play an important role in improving students^ ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve complex problems. The research method used is a development method based on the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data collection was carried out through questionnaire and observation techniques to measure the feasibility and practicality of teaching materials tested by experts and users. The results showed that the teaching materials developed were classified as very feasible based on the evaluation of experts in the aspects of content, language, and presentation. In terms of practicality, the trial results showed that this teaching material was easy to use by teachers and students, and was able to significantly improve students^ problem solving skills. Thus, this teaching material can be recommended to be applied in learning, especially to train critical thinking and problem solving skills. Keywords: Teaching materials- feasibility- practicality- problem-solving skills, learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marjanah Marjanah)

24	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-40
Diversity of coastal medicinal plants as a foundation for health resilience in local communities of Aceh, Indonesia Elfrida, Marjanah, nursamsu, yuliani Samudra University Abstract The diversity of coastal medicinal plants is a natural wealth that has not been fully utilized as a key strength in maintaining community health resilience. In a world increasingly faced with emerging diseases and growing resistance to conventional drugs, the use of coastal medicinal plants becomes relevant as a healthier, safer, and more sustainable alternative. This research aims to identify and explore the diversity of coastal medicinal plants in Aceh and propose innovative strategies to integrate them as an essential part of community health resilience.The study was conducted in five villages in East Aceh Regency, Aceh, Indonesia, namely Kuala Idi, Gampong Aceh, Blang Geulumpang, Ulee Blang, and Titi Baro, using field survey methods and semi-structured interviews. The results identified 125 taxa from 55 families, primarily the Poaceae family. Use Value (UV) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) indicated that plants such as Cocos nucifera and Pandanus amaryllifolius are highly important and popular in traditional medicine. High Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR) values, especially for malaria, reflect the community^s consistent knowledge of using plants for specific diseases.The most commonly used plant part is the leaf, chosen for its bioactive content and ease of processing. Common processing methods include squeezing, boiling, and direct consumption, with the most frequent uses being drinking and direct consumption, reflecting simple practices adapted to local materials. Medicinal plants not only contribute to public health but also strengthen the sustainability of traditions and community self-reliance, especially in areas with limited access to modern medical services. Collaboration between communities, government, and the younger generation is crucial to preserving medicinal plants and supporting local health and well-being in the future. Keywords: Coastal medicinal plants, coastal communities, diversity, public health, sustainable innovation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elfrida Elfrida)

25	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-49
The Role of Project-Based Learning in Enhancing HigherOrder Thinking Skills and Science Literacy Elfrida, Nursamsu, Marjanah Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Samudra University. Jl. Prof Dr Syarief Thayeb, Meurandeh, Langsa 24354, Aceh, Indonesia Abstract This research aims to develop project-based learning to enhance students^ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and science literacy in project-based learning, as well as to assess the improvement of HOTS and science literacy based on class grouping. The research method used is a development method with both qualitative and quantitative data, involving 30 students from Muhammadiyah High School in Langsa as research subjects. The sampling technique applied is purposive sampling, and the instrument used is a multiple-choice test. The research results show a HOTS percentage of 0.86% (categorized as excellent) and science literacy of 82% (categorized as excellent). From this data, it is concluded that students^ HOTS and science literacy in project-based learning fall into the excellent category. These two abilities are not influenced by gender, as the average percentage scores are nearly the same. Project-based learning has been proven effective in improving HOTS for certain groups of students. Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elfrida Elfrida)

26	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-56
Development of Digital Storytelling Media based on Local Wisdom to Improve Students^ Speaking Skills and Support the Strengthening of Local Culture Irma Dewi Isda, Purwati, Rahmiati Universitas Samudra Abstract The purposes of the study were to determine the need and implementation for the development of digital storytelling media based on local wisdom to improve students^ speaking skills and strengthen Acehnese culture- To determine the results of the validation of the feasibility of digital storytelling instruments to improve students^ speaking skills. The method that will be used in this study is to use the development method or Research and Development (R&D). The stages of the study are determining the material, preliminary research, analysis-, design creation, material creation, initial product development, valid, feasibility test, valid, practicality test,. The results obtained by digital storytelling media based on local wisdom based on validation from media experts were 94% and material experts obtained an average score of 97% which indicates that this teaching media is suitable for use. Through this stage, teaching materials were tested on a small group of 35 students at SMA N 1 Manyak Payed. After using the Digital storytelling Media based on Local Wisdom that has been developed, Through a small group test questionnaire, an average score of 88% was obtained, which means that this teaching material is ready to be tested. Keywords: Digital storytelling- local wisdom- Speaking- strengthening culture Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (irma dewi isda)

27	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-70
Understanding the Science Concept of Animal Life Cycles: An Analysis of Primary School Students^ Comprehension Jofrishal(a), Haris Munandar(b*), Fakhrurrazi(c) (a) Science Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia (b) Department of Elementary Teacher Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Univeristas Bina Bangsa Getsampena, Banda Aceh, Aceh , Indonesia (c) Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Serambi Makkah, Banda Aceh, Aceh , Indonesia Abstract Understanding students^ concepts is important in measuring feedback from the learning process that occurs. The level of students^ understanding can be seen when the students are able to re-explain the concepts they have understood using their own sentences according to their level of ability without changing the substance of the meaning. The aim of this research is to determine elementary school level students^ understanding of the concept of animal life cycles. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. Sampling for the subjects of this research was determined using the Nonprobability Sampling technique. The data collection techniques used were tests and interviews. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, information was obtained that of the five indicators of conceptual understanding studied, the indicator explained the lowest percentage achieved by students, namely 45.83%, while the highest indicator was obtained in the classifying section, namely reaching 90.83%. These results show that students^ ability to explain the concept of animal life cycles is still very low, this is due to their limited mastery of the material. Students have difficulty giving explanations related to the concept of metamorphosis, food webs and also the adaptation process. Keywords: Understanding, Concepts, Animal Life Cycle Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jofrishal Jofrishal)

28	Education and Pedagogy	ABS-73
Implementation of a Team-Based Project in the Industrial Chemistry Course at Universitas Samudra Cyndi Prasetya, Maisarah, Lailissa^adah Universitas Samudra Abstract This study focuses on the implementation of a team-based project in the Industrial Chemistry course at Samudra University. The project aims to foster student creativity and innovation through the development of four products: soap, yogurt, milk candy, and tempe made from red beans. These products represent the application of chemical principles in creating environmentally friendly and value-added solutions. A qualitative approach was used to analyze the creative processes, challenges faced, and solutions developed by students in each project. The findings reveal that students were able to successfully apply their chemical knowledge to design and produce products that not only have commercial potential but also offer healthier and more sustainable alternatives. Additionally, the project enhanced students^ teamwork, problem-solving, and scientific communication skills, which are essential in both academic and industrial settings. It is expected that the outcomes of this project will enrich students^ academic experiences and contribute to the development of locally sourced, environmentally friendly products. Keywords: Team-based project, innovation, creativity, industrial chemistry, collaboration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Cyndi Prasetya, M.Pd.)

29	Energy and Sustainable Engineering	ABS-12
Analysis of Photovoltaic Infrastructure Quality Services in Indonesia Elieser Tarigan(1,2*), Fitri Dwi Kartikasari(2,3), Veronica Indrawati (1), Fenny Irawati (1,4) 1) Electrical Engineering, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia 2) Center for Environtmental and Renewable Energy Studies, PuSLET, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292 Indonesia 3) Informatics Engineering, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia 4) Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60292, Indonesia *) email : elieser[at]staff.ubaya.ac.id Abstract The photovoltaic (PV) sector in Indonesia has witnessed substantial growth, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of its quality infrastructure services to ensure sustainable development and operational efficiency. This paper provides a holistic perspective on the PV sector and related quality infrastructure services in Indonesia. It examines the key actors involved in the PV industry and their roles in quality assurance, focusing on the complexities of the current regulatory framework. The paper reviews the Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNIs relating to PV, most of which are adopted from the International Electrotechnical Commission standards, underscoring Indonesia^s alignment with international benchmarks. Major quality challenges in the PV sector and related gaps in quality infrastructure services were identified through stakeholder engagement, including workshops, interviews, and industry surveys involving representatives from the Indonesian PV industry, quality infrastructure institutions, and relevant ministries. These challenges include inconsistent product quality, a shortage of skilled personnel, and inadequate regulatory enforcement. The findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced quality infrastructure services to address these challenges. Recommendations include the development of local certification services, strengthening regulatory measures, improving testing facilities, and implementing comprehensive training programs for industry personnel. A coordinated effort among stakeholders is essential to establish a robust quality infrastructure that can support the long-term growth and reliability of the PV sector in Indonesia. Keywords: Photovoltaic sector, Quality infrastructure, Regulatory framework, Standardization, Indonesia Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elieser Tarigan)

30	Energy and Sustainable Engineering	ABS-22
Climate and Material Approach: Building Comfort Level Index Analysis Nova Purnama Lisa (a*), Firdasari (b), and Ellida Novita Lidya (c) (a*,b,c) Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Samudra, Langsa 24416, Indonesia Abstract This research is highly relevant due to the phenomenon of differences in thermal comfort based on the SNI 03-6572-2001 standard for concrete and steel-roofed or zinc-roofed buildings. This study aims to analyze the comfort index of indoor spaces using a climate and building materials approach. The main goal is to evaluate and understand indoor thermal comfort by considering factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, air speed, and radiation, as well as materials like thermal insulation, thermal mass, and thermal conductivity. This research also aims to provide recommendations to enhance indoor thermal comfort by considering the impact of materials on occupants, such as heat conductivity, acoustics, humidity regulation, aesthetics, and texture. The results of this study are expected to aid in designing interior spaces that are aesthetically pleasing, comfortable, and functional, thereby improving occupants^ quality of life through energy savings and increased productivity. Keywords: Thermal comfort- climate- material- building- energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nova Purnama Lisa)

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