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1	Biochemistry	ABS-8
Effect Of Fermentation Time And Addition Of Rabbit Urine In The Manufacturing Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Tofu Waste On The Content Of N, P, K Budi Hastuti (a*) and Fabiola Caroline Novenza Hapsariningtyas (a) a) Study Program of Chemistry Education , Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, 57126 Surakarta, Central Java Indonesia *bhastuti.uns[at]gmail.com Abstract The process of fermenting liquid organic fertilizer tofu liquid waste and rabbit urine has been successfully carried out. The method is to dilute the EM4 bacteria, add 50 ml of distilled water and 5 grams of sugar, then let it sit for 5 days in an airtight state. Liquid organic fertilizer from tofu liquid waste and rabbit urine was fermented with variations in fermentation time of 7, 14, 21 days and variations in addition of rabbit urine 20, 40, 60 ml. Nitrogen content test using the Kjedahl method with three stages, namely destruction, distillation, and titration. The results showed that the optimum level of nitrogen was obtained at 21 days of fermentation with a level of 3.11%, phosphorus levels obtained the best fermentation time of 14 days with a level of 3.05%, and the best potassium level was 3.16% in a 21 day fermentation period and the results of the analysis of liquid organic fertilizers that meet the SNI parameters of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture number 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 Nitrogen and Potassium for 21 days of fermentation and for phosphorus yields of 14 days of fermentation. The levels of N, P, K of liquid organic fertilizer increased with the addition of 20, 40, 60 ml rabbit urine with levels of 3.21%, 3, 17%, and 3.32%, respectively. SNI Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture number 70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011. Keywords: Tofu liquid waste- Rabbit urine- Fermentation time- Addition of rabbit urine Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fabiola Caroline Novenza Hapsariningtyas)

2	Biochemistry	ABS-47
Identification of the Functional Groups of Hydroxyapatite Catfish Calcium Nano Bone Flour using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Siti Suryaningsih1, a) and Buchori Muslim2, Mohamad Djali3, b) 1,2Departement of Chemistry Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Ciputat, 15412, Indonesia 3Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, University of Padjadjaran Bandung, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the physical appearance and identify the functional groups contained in hydroxyapatite nano calcium flour from calcined and non-calcined catfish bones. Experimental method. Stages : Making fish bone calcium nano flour - Identification of functional groups of catfish bone calcium nano flour using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the research: visually the calcium nano flour was not calcined, it was bone white while the calcined was white. The results showed that non-calcined catfish bone calcium nano flour was identified as having CO32-, PO43- and no hydroxyl (OH) groups identified, while calcined catfish bone calcium nano flour contained CO32-, PO43- and (OH) groups as hydroxyapatite components. This indicates that catfish bone meal contains hydroxyapatite. It is hoped that as a source of scientific information, catfish bone meal contains hydroxyapatite as an alternative to natural calcium Keywords: Identification, functional group, Hydroxyapatite Calcium Nano Flour, Catfish Bone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Suryaningsih)

3	Biochemistry	ABS-48
Physicochemical and Characterization Calcium Nano Flour Catfish Bone (Clarias gariepinus) Siti Suryaningsih1, a) and Buchori Muslim2, Mohamad Djali3, b) 1,2Departement of Chemistry Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Ciputat, 15412, Indonesia 3Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, University of Padjadjaran Bandung, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the physicochemical and characterization of calcium nano catfish bone meal. Experimental method. Stage: Preparation of bone meal- characterization of chemical content through proximate, calcium, and phosphorus tests- characterization of physical properties through particle, morphological and visual measurements. The experimental design was a completely randomized design. All chemical analyzes are reported as average. Anova and Duncan test (P&#8804-0.05). The results of the research: characterization test of the chemical content of catfish bone calcium nano flour containing water content of 7.45%, ash 63.29%, protein 4.50%, fat 2.95%, carbohydrates 21.81%. And the calcium content of non-calcined bone meal 32.16% and 33.15% calcined both meet the Quality I standard. The results of the physical properties characterization test that the particle size of the uncalcined bone meal based on the percent number obtained 204.1 nm with PI (degree of non-uniformity of particle distribution 0.403) indicates nanoparticles. And the calcined bone flour based on the intensity percentage of 675.4 nm (86.1%) and 100.7 nm (13.9%) with a PI of 0.680 indicated the nanoparticles and the distribution of the particles tended to be uniform. The morphological results of a calcined and non-calcined bone meal with 500 times magnification had calcite-type crystals. Visually, the non-calcined calcium nano flour is bone white while the calcined is whiter in color. The benefits of alternative research for natural nano calcium sources from catfish bone meal can be used in the manufacture of food products to meet the calcium needs in the body Keywords: Physicochemical, Characterization, Calcium Nano Flour, Catfish Bone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Suryaningsih)

4	Biochemistry	ABS-65
Photonic Crystal based Biosensors in Various Biomolecules Eunike Friska Defvi (a*), Lita Rahmasari (b*) a) Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University Jalan Ir. Sutami No.36, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia *eunikefriska18[at]student.uns.ac.id b) Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University Jalan Ir. Sutami No.36, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia *lita[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract Over the past few decades, photonic crystals have emerged as interesting photonic structures. It plays a vital role in many fields of optical communication, biomedical sensing, and other applications due to its compactness, high sensitivity, high selectivity, fast responsiveness, etc. The strong light limitation in photonic crystals and the adjustment of its structural parameters have led to the emergence of photonic crystal biosensors. Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. Photonic crystal-based biosensor is one of the solutions to detect various diseases. By using the literature review method, this paper aims to examine the application of photonic crystal-based biosensors to encounter the sensitivity of various biomolecules for cancer, malarian, and blood components detection. Keywords: Biomolecules, Biosensors, Detection, Photonic crystal, Sensitivity. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eunike Friska Defvi)

5	Biochemistry	ABS-92
Overview of Okra^s pharmacology and phytochemistry, as well as its possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity Sri Mulyani1)* and Imam Samodra2 1 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education and Teachers Training, Sebelas Maret University 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Sebelas Maret University *Corresponding author: srimulyaniuns[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract Medicinal plants are abundant in Indonesia, where they have been utilized for centuries to treat various ailments. Traditional medicine and medicinal plants from Indonesia could lead to the development of innovative pharmaceuticals. Okra, also known as Abelmoschus esculentus L., is a well-known remedy for various ailments and is included in numerous traditional medicinal supplies. In recent decades, scientists have identified the entire okra plant^s phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties. This research shows the drug discovery potential of okra, particularly its glycosylated quercetin potency. Therefore, this review provides an overview of okra^s pharmacology and phytochemistry, as well as its possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Keywords: Okra, glycosylated quercetin, SARS-CoV-2 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Mulyani)

6	Biochemistry	ABS-93
Waste Cooking Oil Purification with Various Adsorbents for Synthesizing Biodiesel and Soap Sri Mulyani*, Endang Susilowati, Elfi Susanti VH, and Adi Muhammad Falah Sutopo Chemistry Education Study Program, Teacher Treaning and Education Faculty, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia *Corresponding author: srimulyaniuns[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract This research aims to: (1) activate the rice husk ash (ASP), coconut shell ash (ATK), and wood charcoal (AK) and characterize them using SEM and FTIR, (2) purify waste cooking oil using rice husk ash (ASP), coconut shell ash (ATK), and wood charcoal (AK)- (3) make biodiesel and soap using purified waste cooking oil, and (4) characterize the quality of biodiesel and soap made from the purified waste cooking oil. This research used experiment method. The outline of this research was consisted of 5 steps in chronological order: activated charcoal activation, activated charcoal characterization using SEM and FTIR, waste cooking oil purification using ASP, ATK, and AK, making biodiesel and soap using purified waste cooking oil, and investigate the adsorbent influence to biodiesel quality produced by purification of waste cooking oil based on their acid number, kinematic viscosity (40&#730-C), and flash point. The results were obtained as follows: (1) In the rice husk charcoal (ASP) which has been activated with KOH, there are primary and secondary amine groups as the groups that dominate the charcoal, in activated coconut shell charcoal (ATK), several peaks appeared at 3416 which indicated the presence of an alcohol group (-OH), and at 1556 which indicated the presence of a nitro/aromatic nitro group (-NO2), and in activated wood charcoal (AK) it was seen that there was a shift in peak towards 870.9, which also indicated the presence of other groups (-(CH2)n), (2) biodiesel has been synthesized successfully, made from waste cooking oil purified using ASP, ATK, and AK adsorbent, (3) the best quality of biodiesel was achieved by waste cooking oil purified by ASP adsorbent, based on National Standard (SNI), and (4) the differentiation of biodiesel quality based on acid number, kinematic viscosity (40&#730-C), and flash point existed within the use of different adsorbents Keywords: Waste Cooking Oil, Biodiesel, Soap Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Mulyani)

7	Curriculum and assessment reform in Science Education	ABS-50
Reforming procedures for assessing research protocols during Covid-19 pandemic Tri Nugraha Susilawati, Erindra Budi Cahyanto, Usman Sudarmaji Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract Background: Covid-19 pandemic has caused dramatic changes in daily activities. In particular, human interactions were limited and most daily duties were directed in the online environment. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ethical reviews during the pandemic. Method: The study examined the duration of ethical review and the challenges encountered by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) during the period of 2021-2022. The following data were retrieved: protocol identity, the institution of the researcher, type of study, and the dates of protocol submission as well as the issue of ethical clearance. Results: Around 200 protocols were reviewed, most of them were submitted by students, followed by lecturers and physicians. The ethical reviews were usually completed within 2 weeks unless major revisions were required. Most reviewers were satisfied by the online review process, but the administration staff has to constantly remind the reviewers to keep everyone on schedule. Conclusion: The process of ethical review is not much affected by the restriction of direct human interactions. In fact, online reviews are more effective than face-to-face meetings. Keywords: Online environment, ethics review, Covid-19 pandemic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tri Nugraha Susilawati)

8	Environmental Chemistry	ABS-4
Ozonation Treatment Of Industrial Tofu Wastewater Lintang Daniswara, Ahmad M Fuadi, Anisa Ur Rahmah Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Jl.A.Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan Kartasura, Surakarta Abstract Food industries generally produce wastewater with high organic content, which could be identified by the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) values. This study treated liquid wastewater from the tofu industry using advanced oxidation processes, the O3/H2O2 system. The system chosen was based on its capability to achieve a high level of COD and BOD reduction in the treated wastewater, whereas the hydroxyl radical generated would be the primary oxidant to degrade the organic content inside. This study aims to find the efficiency of reducing BOD, COD, and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) levels with variations in H2O2, pH, and ozonation time. The system was capable of reducing BOD, COD, and TSS with maximum values of 96%, 93%, and 90%, respectively. This efficiency percentage shows a dynamic molecular interaction between organic compounds in liquid waste of tofu industri and peroxide acid. Because in the process of ozonation, there is the formation of free radicals OH- from a series of oxygen decomposition reactions. The use of peroxide promoter (H2O2) for the ozonation oxidation reaction becomes more effective. Keywords: Ozone/H2O2, tofu, COD, BOD, TSS Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lintang Daniswara)

9	Environmental Chemistry	ABS-39
Preparation of sodium p-styrene sulfonate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate monolithic column for analysis anionic in waste water by liquid chromatography Oksil Venriza, Calvin Djamubir, Muhammad Ridwan Politeknik Energi dan Mineral AKAMIGAS Abstract The suppressor composed of a sodium p-styrene sulfonate (NaSS)-ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) monolith that is made with sufficient porogen, and it is connected between stationary phase and detector. The aim of this research was to simultaneously determine inorganic anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-) in a single chromatographic run and investigate the suppression behavior using sodium bicarbonate-sodium carbonate and application of monolithic columns based on polymer resin for supports of strong cation exchanger. To enhance the suppressor performance cation-exchange capacity was manipulated with variation of monomer composition, porogen composition, temperature and time of polymerization. Acetonitrile concentration in the composed of sodium carbonate-bicarbonate eluent was varied and conducted to investigate the retention behaviour of the common inorganic anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the retention time, peak area and peak height of three common inorganic anions (1.0 mM each of F&#8722-, Cl&#8722-, and NO2&#8722-) were between 0.01-1.24, 2.33-6.31 and 2.24-4.79%, respectively. The optimized condition was applied to the determination of Cl&#8722- inorganic anion in waste water samples. Keywords: liquid chromatography, conductivity detector, capillary Column, inorganic anions Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Oksil Venriza)

10	Environmental Chemistry	ABS-64
Coconut Shell Charcoal Combination with Teakwood Sawdust (CSC-TS): An Effective Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Removal Cr (VI) Ion on Industrial Waste Arsy Rachma Zain (a*) Mohammad Masykuri (b) Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, 57126 Surakarta, Central Java Indonesia *arsyyrachmazain[at]gmail.com (a) *mmasykuri[at]yahoo.com (b) Abstract The main goals of this study was to develop activated carbon (AC) from coconut shell charcoal (CSC) combination with teakwood sawdust (TS), combination of both on this study was known with (CSC-TS) as a pledging alternative treatment for perilous Cr(VI) metal from industrial waste which investigated with Batch method. Both AC treated differently, coconut shell charcoal prepared with three stages include dehydration with microwave assisted at 373 K for 24 hours, carbonization under 773 K for 1 hour and followed by chemical activation using H3PO4 10% for 24 hours. Meanwhile, teakwood sawdust prepared only with two stages, without carbonization. Batch adsorption process in this study did with the aqueous solutions and applied on batik industrial waste, the functional groups of CSC-TS was characterized using FTIR, furthermore the determination of some parameters in adsorption such as adsorbent dose, effect of contact time, and the effectiveness optimum condition on batik industrial waste obtained by AAS. Several functional groups such as (OH) were detected. Langmuir and Freundlich models were calculated to find out the fit adsorption isotherms where Langmuir models had the greater coefficient correlation value (R2=0,9976) which represented the best isotherm models. The result showed that the Cr(VI) adsorption process was found to be maximum at GT-2,5 with the combination of CSC:TS 1:1,5 and 2,5 g adsorbents dose with 100 minutes of contact time. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) with the initial concentration aqueous solutions 20 ppm under optimal conditions respectively were 87 and 99% with the maximum Langmuir capacity adsorption was 1,08 mg g-1. The initial concentration of batik industrial waste on upstream and downstream were 0,593 and 0,779 mg L-1 with the percentage removal of Cr(VI) were respectively 72 and 83%. This batch adsorption study confirmed that the contaminant of Cr(VI) on industrial waste can be decreased by low cost adsorbent CSC-TS Keywords: Adsorption, Coconut Shell Charcoal, Teakwood Sawdust Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arsy Rachma Zain)

11	Environmental Chemistry	ABS-91
Role of Fe2O3 on the adsorption of three different structure of toxic dyes in water Lina Mahardiani, Elisabeth Nugrahini, Sulistyo Saputro, Endang Susilowati, Wirawan Ciptonugroho Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract Dyestuff waste can cause water pollution. One of them is cationic dye waste that is difficult to remove because it has a complex composition and innert, so it needs to be treated before being released freely into the water sources. The manufacture of carbon from sugar palm fiber waste is a new innovation in science that can produce adsorbents to dyes waste adsorption in water sources, and also to increase the value of sugar palm fibers. Carbon from sugar palm fibers (Arenga pinnata) were modified with iron oxide with concentrations 3% in 1 gram of carbon. Carbon were made by carbonizing sugar palm fiber at a temperature of 300oC for 2 hours, then the carbon activated with 3M H2SO4 and then carried out by wet impregnation with Fe(NO)3.9H2O and calcined at the various temperature: 200oC- 300oC- and 400oC for 2 hours to produce reddish black powder. The characterization of FTIR and XRD showed peaks corresponding to existence of Fe2O3, whilst the SEM image also suggesting of presence of Fe2O3. Keywords: Carbon, Iron Oxide, Adsorption, Dyestuff Waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lina Mahardiani)

12	Environmental Chemistry	ABS-101
Forensic as Environmental Entomotoxicology Counterpart Sri Adelila Sari, Dinda Hawari, Lia Mardiana Nasution & Yuni Rahmadina Department Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, 20221 Medan Estate, North Sumatera, Indonesia Abstract The number of unnatural deaths often occur lately, some of the causes include murder, poisoning, suicide, traffic accidents such as drowning, and drug overdose. When a corpse is found to have decomposed, the cause is often undetected. In 2015 WHO provided data on the causes of death caused by drug abuse such as drugs which claimed 167,750 of the 450 million population. National Narcotics Agency (BNN) provides data on Indonesian society, which is dominated by teenagers, with at least 15 thousand each year using drugs. Deaths from overdoses are too late to detect. Based on this, Post Mortem Interval (PMI) is needed in identifying bodies. PMI is used to determine the last situation of the victim in revealing the cause and identification of the time of death. The development of a new method using insects as a tool in the process of identifying corpses, this science is called forensic entomology. The use of insects is considered capable because, during the decomposition stage, the tissue used in toxicological analysis becomes less sensitive and can produce erroneous results. Based on the description above, this study was proposed based on the available literature to increase knowledge about the forensic of illegal drugs on insects as the counterpart of environmental entomotoxicology. Keywords: Forensic, environmental, and entomotoxicology Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Sari)

13	Environmental Chemistry	ABS-102
Biomass-based nanocellulose adsorbent and its utilization for adsorption of methylene blue and congo red dyes Lina Mahardiani, Vinsensius Maunia Singgih Husada Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract In this research, the ability of papaya tree trunks as biomass-based nanocellulose adsorbent for dyes removal was conducted. The synthesis of nanocellulose is carried out in several steps, including isolation of cellulose using the extraction method, immersion with a variety of alkaline bases, namely NaOH, NaOH+NH3, and NaOH+Na2CO3 all 5% concentrations for each compounds, and followed by synthesis of nanocellulose by hydrolysis reaction. The adsorption process was carried out in batch method, by contacting the nanocellulose adsorbent with the dye, then filtered and observed the change in concentration using UV-Vis. Characterizations of obtained nanocellulose were conducted using SEM, XRD and FTIR. The morphology and crystallinity of nanocellulose as results of SEM and XRD will be discussed. Meanwhile, to observe the functional groups contained in the nanocellulose obtained from synthesis of papaya tree stems FTIR result was evaluated. The results showed that all cellulose-forming groups (CO, CH2, CH) were present in synthesis nanocellulose in accordance with those of the commercial. The synthesis results with variations in the alkaline base which the closest to commercial yield was the variation with the alkaline KOH base. In addition, determination of capacity performance of ones is compared with performance of commercial nanocellulose. Keywords: biomass, nanocelulose, novel adsorbent, dyes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lina Mahardiani)

14	Inorganic Chemistry	ABS-1
Effect of Activation on Gelatin Modified ZnO Using Tamarind, Lime, and Wuluh Starfruit as Adsorbents Methylene Blue Maria Ulfa (a*), Ika Uswatun Hasanah (a), Sandini Ajeng Istanti (a), and Hafid Al Afif (a) (a) Study Program of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, 57126 Surakarta, Central Java Indonesia *ulfa.maria2015[at]gmail.com Abstract The synthesis of environmentally friendly natural acid activated ZnOG has been successfully carried out using the hydrothermal method as an innovation to replace synthetic acid. Hydrothermal method with a temperature of 100oC for 24 hours and activated using extracts of lime, tamarind, and star fruit wuluh then in the oven at 100 celcius for 24 hours and continued with calcination. The adsorbent formed was then characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). FTIR results on ZnOG activated with 3 natural acids showed an absorption pattern at 571 cm-1 and 1689 cm-1 which indicated the presence of the Zn-O and Zn-RCOO- functional group. The degree of crystallinity of activated ZnOG extracts of tamarind and starfruit were 60.39% and 72.65%, respectively, with a crystal size of 6.34 nm- and 8.06 nm. The adsorption process of methylene blue using ZnOG adsorbent as much as 50 mg in 120 minutes with a speed of 150 rpm. From the research results, it is known that the activator of lime extract has the highest adsorption capacity compared to tamarind and wuluh starfruit extract, which is 62.881 mg/g. Keywords: ZnOG- lime extract- tamarind extract- wuluh starfruit extract- adsorbent Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ika Uswatun Hasanah)

15	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-2
Synthesis of Anti-Corrosion Coconut Oil-Based Polyurethane Coating Nanocomposites with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Seigfred M. John Miranda (1, a), Marloie T. Menchavez (1, b), Jumel Vincent R. Garnica (1, c), Abhel Y. Ananoria (1, 2, d), Dave Joseph E. Estrada (1, e), Roberto M. Malaluan (1, 2, f), and Arnold A. Lubguban (1, 2, g) Author Affiliations 1) Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines 2) Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines Author Emails a) seigfredjohn.miranda[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph b) marloie.menchavez[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph c) jumelvincent.garnica[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph d) abhel.ananoria[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph e) davejoseph.estrada[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph f) Roberto.malaluan[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph g) arnold.lubguban[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph Abstract Abstract. PU coating is a barrier material applied to the surface of a substrate to protect it from various types of deterioration processes. The rise of PU synthesized from bio-based polyol has drawn attention to both research and industry, as the scarcity of petrochemical resources paved the way to consider other alternatives. However, pristine bio-based PU isn^t capable of withstanding high thermal and mechanical stress conditions. To achieve properties comparable to petrochemical-based PU, bio-based PU coatings are commonly modified via filler addition. One of the most commonly used fillers is carbon nanotubes (CNTs) since it possess excellent thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. In this study, coconut oil-based PU (CCOPU) coating reinforced with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was synthesized through in situ polymerization. MWCNT fillers, varied at three different weight percent loading, (0%, 0.1%, and 1%), were added to the CCOPU matrix with the aid of ultrasonication to determine its effects on the different properties of CCOPU. Results show that the addition of MWCNT to the CCOPU matrix resulted in a significant increase of the thermal stability, signified by an increase in the onset of degradation temperature, due to appearance of a tortuous path that hinders escape of volatile degradation products. Oppositely, filler loading has a negative effect in the barrier property of the rCCOPU coatings. This may be because of hydrophilic -OH group overpowering the hydrophobic MWCNT at higher filler loading, the increase in coating capacitance due to addition of conductive MWCNT, and the appearance of void areas due to agglomerations. Filler loading also has a positive effect in water contact angle which is due to the filler present in the surface layer of the rCCOPU coating. Lastly, the adhesiveness of CCOPU did not change even with the presence of fillers. Keywords: MWCNT- anti-corrosion polyurethane coating- ultrasonication Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Seigfred John Mondero Miranda)

16	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-5
Optimization of Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) kit Formulation for Lung Perfusion Imaging Wening Lestari, Sulaiman, Puji Widayati, Amal Rezka Putra, Ahsanal Fikri, Sumandi Juliyanto, and Veronika Yulianti Susilo Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional Abstract Lung cancer patients in Indonesia are increasing, one of the impacts of which is the disruption of lung function as an organ of exchange for carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2). Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) radiopharmaceutical kits provide an important role in terms of diagnosing pulmonary disorder. MAA kit consists of aggregated Human Serum Albumin (HSA) with a size distribution between 10-90 &#956-m, and there is no particle larger than 150 &#956-m. The particle size in the MAA kit is one of the important parameters and to obtain suitable particles many modifications of the method have been carried out. In this research, the reaction time, stirring speed and pH during manufacturing process of MAA kit were optimized. The particles size was analyzed using a haemocytometer and observed under a microscope. Optimization of pH was carried out by adding the amount of ascorbic acid. Another important parameter of MAA kit is radiochemical purity which analyzed using paper chromatography method. The MAA formulation was carried out under optimum conditions, ie reaction time for 30 minutes while stirring at a speed of 900 rpm. Ascorbic acid added as much as 1.14 M to obtained pH 5-7 and high radiochemical purity. Keywords: optimization- macroaggregated- radiopharmaceutical- albumin- radiochemical purity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wening Lestari)

17	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-6
Study effect of carbon type in thermal upgrading of limonite Fathan Bahfie, Azwar Manaf, Widi Astuti, Fajar Nurjaman, Erik Prasetyo 1Research Center of Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia 2Physics Department, Universitas Indonesia Abstract Thermal upgrading is the process for nickel extraction in selective reduction with holding temperature in low (300-500 oC). The effect and type of reductor are the main factor during this process. With those factors, this research will be finding the variation of reductor type. The first step is limonite and reductor characterization. Ni, Fe, Mg, Al, and Si levels in limonite are 1.4 Ni, 50.5 Fe, 1.81 Al, 4.86 Mg, and 16.5 Si weight percent, respectively. The iron oxide/oxyhydroxide content of limonite is 94.4 percent and 5.6 percent silicate. For reductor, those are graphite, palm kernel shell, and anthracite with carbon percentage 98, 77, and 68 %. From XRF, the optimum nickel grade is in the graphite and anthracite with 6.5 and 7 wt%. For phases, the ferronickel is appearing in the high intensity for the optimum reductor type and the microstructure is around 5-10 um for both. Moreover, the optimum reductor type are graphite and anthracite. Keywords: reductor type, limonite, phase, microstructure, thermal upgrading Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fathan Bahfie)

18	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-9
Antibacterial Activity of Edible Coating Incorporated with ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Starch and Alginate: A Comparison Lina Mahardiani (a*) and Nila Riyaz Saputri (a) a) Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia *mahardiani.lina[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract This study aims were to study the comparison of edible coating incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles prepared from different materials, namely starch from jackfruit seed and commercial alginate, based on their antibacterial activity. This research was divided into several stages, namely starch preparation, synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, making of edible coating solution, properties characterizations, and antibacterial activity test using well diffusion method. Based on the results, it was concluded that the extracted jackfruit seeds could be used as starch. This is proven FTIR analysis where peak at a wavelength of 3370 cm-1 was observed. As for addition of ZnO nanoparticle in the edible coating were successfully conducted since FTIR result showed peak at a wavelength of 489 cm-1. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that at the same concentration of ZnO nanoparticles, starch edible coatings had greater antibacterial activity than alginate edible coatings, both against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. Antibacterial activity was indicated by the formation of the diameter of the inhibition zone. In starch edible coating incorporating 15% ZnO nanoparticles, an inhibition zone diameter of 35.21 mm was formed against S. aureus bacteria and 14.79 mm against E. coli bacteria. While edible coating alginate incorporating 15% ZnO nanoparticles formed an inhibition zone diameter of 9.50 mm against S. aureus bacteria and 8.67 mm against E. coli bacteria. Starch edible coating has stronger antibacterial properties than alginate edible coating. Keywords: Edible coating, Starch, Alginate, ZnO nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nila Riyaz Saputri)

19	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-11
An Insight into Patent landscape Analysis of flexible polyurethane foam Jahor Omping and Arnold C. Alguno, PhD Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics Premier Research Institute for Science and Mathematics (PRISM) MSU - Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines Abstract Flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam has recently attained significant attention from various research institutions and industries due to its versatile properties, abundance of raw materials, and renewability. Despite the number of publications of numerous articles, there has been no formal report of its global patent landscape. This study examines the overall patent applications by investigating a dataset of 26,509 patents from 15 countries. The number of patent publication has significantly increase, particularly in the last four years. After constructing a cognitive network, we determine the centrality measures as well as their entropy and diversity. Europe attain both the highest entropy and diversity values which implies that it has the widest information dissemination and uniformity of the distribution of patents. The heat map feature that the most prolific country were USA, China, and Japan. Huge corporations such as Procter & Gamble, 3M Innovative Properties, and Nitto Denko Corporation among others showed huge interest on this particular material. Keywords: Patent landscape, polyurethane foams, flexible foams, patent applications Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jahor Ligad Omping)

20	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-15
The effect of synthesis temperature on the size distribution of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Psidium guajava leaf extract and its antibacterial activity Lloyd Allan T. Cabanog, Rey Marc T. Cumba, Melania Enot, Joselito Labis, Aaron Andrew Mutia, Kurt Sterling Ubas, Marjune Bonilla, Archie Ruda, Rey Y. Capangpangan, Arnold C. Alguno 1Department of Physics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines 2Caraga State University, Butuan, Philippines 3Natural Products Research and Development Center, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines 4Department of Chemistry, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines 5King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 6Mindanao State University - Naawan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines 7Department of Physics, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines Abstract Silver nanoparticles have been well known to possess efficient antibacterial properties. In this study, the biological route was utilized using Psidium guajava leaves extract mixed with silver nitrate to synthesize silver nanoparticles. In addition, synthesis was done at varying synthesis temperatures, namely 30, 50, 70, and 90 OC, to investigate its effect in size distribution and the antibacterial properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles. Results revealed a blue-shift of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks was observed. TEM results showed that particle distribution decreases as synthesis temperature increases, with mean sizes of 48.7, 40.8, 25.6, and 20.1 nm. The DLS hydrodynamic size distribution also revealed the same decreasing pattern with increasing synthesis temperature. The FTIR spectra also showed that the synthesized AgNPs was capped with phenolic compounds from the biomolecules in Psidium guajava leaves. The XRD analysis revealed that the obtained AgNPs had a crystallinity index of 79.3% with an average crystallite size of 10.98 nm. Finally, antibacterial tests via Disc Diffusion Test suggested that the AgNPs synthesized at higher temperatures are more effective bactericides than those synthesized at lower temperatures, as indicated by the measured zones of inhibition. Antibacterial activity was also observed to be more effective on the gram-negative bacteria E. coli than on the gram-positive S. aureus. Keywords: synthesis temperature, psidium guajava, particle size distribution Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lloyd Allan Cabanog)

21	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-17
Development and Characterization of Epoxy/Banana Pseudo-Stem Nanocellulose (BPNC) Composites as Anti-Corrosion Coatings on Mild Steel Kurt Sterling M. Ubas (a,b*), Jessalyn C. Grumo (a,b), Archie G. Ruda (a,b), Marjune T. Bonilla (a,b), Aaron Andrew B. Mutia (a,b,c), Lloyd Allan T. Cabanog (a,b,c), Joselito P. Labis (d), Arnold C. Alguno (a,b) a) Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines b) Premier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines * kurtsterling.ubas[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph c) Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Maramag, 8714, Philippines d) King Abdullah Institute of Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia Abstract Epoxy-based nanocomposite coatings have attracted attention in industrial and engineering applications. Epoxy/Banana pseudo-stem nanocellulose (Epoxy/BPNC) composites as anti-corrosive fillers were prepared by incorporating BPNC into the epoxy matrix to improve the anti-corrosion performance of epoxy coatings in mild steel surfaces. The Tafel polarization technique explores their anti-corrosion properties under immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions as a corrosive medium. According to the results, it can be observed that epoxy/BPNC composite coatings significantly improve the anti-corrosion performance in mild steel surfaces with 1.5 wt.% BPNC loading ratio as the optimized concentration. SEM results presented that the presence of BPNC in the epoxy matrix has a significant protective effect compared to pure epoxy alone. Further, epoxy/BPNC composite coatings have significantly higher protection efficiency (PE) than bare mild steel and epoxy-coated mild steel of around 99.98%. Keywords: Epoxy coatings- Nanocomposites- Corrosion protection- Mild steel- Banana pseudo-stem- Nanocellulose Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kurt Sterling Maravilla Ubas)

22	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-18
Patent landscape analysis of silver nanoparticles using data mining and network analysis Joven Steve D. Adaptar and Arnold C. Alguno Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics Premier Research Institute for Science and Mathematics (PRISM) MSU - Iligan Institute of Technology, A. Bonifacio Avenue, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines Abstract Silver nanoparticles gained much attention in research and development because of its unique physical, chemical and biological properties that can be applied in various areas of applications. While several paper have been published, there has been no formal evaluation of its global patent landscape. This study explores the silver nanoparticles diverse patent applications by analyzing a data set of 20,778 patents by 54 countries from the start of silver nanoparticles patent publication to the year 2021. These is done by categorizing patents and with the used of network statistical analysis. Patent documents was searched using AccliamIP database with proper set of keyword used. Silver nanoparticles showed diverse areas of its utilization. Synthesis methods like biological, sol-gel and microwave assisted synthesis are the most widely used. Heat map indicated that most prolific countries were China and USA. International companies like GENENTECH INC and 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES showed highest interest on this nanomaterial. Moreover, Philippines have 6 silver nanoparticles patents mainly in the field of Human Necessities. Keywords: Patent landscape, silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, patent applications Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Joven Steve Diolan Adaptar)

23	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-20
Synthesis, characterization and fabrication of TiO2-polyurethane cocopol blend nanocomposites for anti- corrosion coatings on mild steel Archie G. Ruda(a,b*), Marjune T. Bonilla(a,b), Kurt Sterling M Ubas(a,b), Aaron Andrew B. Mutia(a,b), Lloyd Allan T. Cabanog(a,b), Dave Joseph E. Estrada(c), Rey Y Capampamangan(d), Rey Marc T. Cumba(d), Joselito Labis(e), Arnold C. Alguno(a,b) a)Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU- Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200 Lanao del Norte, Philippines b)Premier Research of Science and Mathematics (PRISM), MSU- Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200 Lanao del Norte, Philippines *archie.ruda[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph c)Bioproducts Research Laboratory (BPRL), College of Engineering and Technology, MSU- Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200 Lanao del Norte, Philippines d)Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Science and Environment, Mindanao State University- Naawan Campus, 9023 Naawan Misamis Oriental, Philippines e)King Abdullah Institute of Nanotechnology, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia Abstract TiO2 nanoparticles was synthesized using titanium butoxide as a precursor. The obtained nanoparticles were used as an inhibitor mixed with coconut oil-based polyurethane polyol blend against the corrosion on mild steel of 3.5% of sodium chloride solution which has been investigated using Tafel polarization technique. FTIR spectra of TiO2 reveal a Ti-O bond corresponding to 387.69cm-1. An average size of 347.3nm in size shown in the TEM images. DLS also confirms with a size distribution peak at 347nm. Polarization curves of PU CCP blend alone and with varied amount of TiO2 nanoparticles coating shows positive results. An increase in amount of TiO2 nanoparticles also increases the in the corrosion potential which implies a decrease in the corrosion current density. Keywords: titanium dioxide, polyurethane- cocopol- corrosion current density- corrosion potential Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Archie Gomera Ruda)

24	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-21
Influence of Sizes of Gold Nanoparticles on Colorimetric Sensing for Chicken Meat Spoilage Detection Rolen Brian P. Rivera (a,b*) , Miceh Rose D. Magdadaro (a,b), Rey Y. Capangpangan (c) and Arnold C. Alguno (a,b) a) Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines *rolenbrian.rivera[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph b) Primier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines c) Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Science and Environment, Mindanao State University-Naawan Campus, Naawan Misamis Oriental, 9023, Philippines Abstract The utilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a colorimetric sensor for food spoilage detection has been gaining a lot of interest due to its high sensitivity and rapid detection of various analytes. In this study, AuNPs are synthesized via the citrate reduction method in various sizes and utilized as both liquid, and paper-based colorimetric sensors for spoiled chicken meat detection. To vary the sizes of AuNPs, the molar ratio of the chemical precursors is controlled. The synthesized AuNPs have a characteristic red color indicating the successful synthesis of AuNPs. UV-Vis absorption spectra result showed the peaks at 521nm and 527nm for the varied sizes of AuNPs which signifies successful size variation of AuNPs. The simulation results show absorption peaks at 521nm and 527nm for AuNPs with particle size of 10nm and 50nm respectively, confirming the sizes of the synthesized AuNPs. The fabricated sensors are tested with fresh chicken meat and spoiled chicken meat and showed a significant color change from red to blue when interacting with the spoiled sample. UV-Vis result also confirms a redshift of the absorbed wavelength after sensing the spoiled sample signifying an increase in size due to aggregation of AuNPs leading to a change in localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs resulting in a color change. Furthermore, it is found out that the particle size of AuNPs affects the colorimetric sensing capabilities of the fabricated sensors. Keywords: Gold Nanoparticles, Colorimetric Sensor, Chicken meat freshness Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rolen Brian Rivera)

25	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-22
Effects of Nanocellulose Extracted from Pineapple Leaf Fiber Incorporation on the Physico-chemical and Thermal Properties of Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites Jessalyn Grumo (a,b*), Lady Jaharah Bulayog (a,b), Arnold Lubguban (c), Rey Capangpangan (d), Akihiro Yabuki (e) and Arnold Alguno (a,b) a) Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave., 9200 Iligan City, Philippines b) Premier Research Institute for Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave., 9200 Iligan City, Philippines *jessalyn.grumo[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph c) Center for Sustainable Polymers, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave., 9200 Iligan City, Philippines d) Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Science and Environment, Mindanao State University-Naawan Campus, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, 9023 Philippines e) Sustainable Material Process Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan Abstract The effects of nanocellulose extracted from pineapple leaf fiber incorporation on reinforced epoxy nanocomposite^s physicochemical and thermal properties are reported. Nanocellulose was added to the epoxy in different amounts of loadings (0.5 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.0 wt.%) to prepare nanocomposites. The physicochemical and thermal properties of the nanocellulose reinforced epoxy nanocomposites were investigated. Surface characterization of the nanocomposite was done using light microscopy (LM). Functional groups of the nanocomposites were investigated using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analyzer (DTA). Experimental results revealed that the 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% nanocellulose loadings were homogeneously distributed and well-dispersed in the composite matrix as indicated in the LM images. However, aggregation was observed in the matrix with 2.0% nanocellulose loading. FTIR spectra revealed that the absorbance of the vibrational mode corresponding to the interaction of nanocellulose and epoxy matrices significantly increases as the nanocellulose loading ratio increased. Moreover. TGA results showed that the thermal stability improved significantly as the nanocellulose content increased. Furthermore, DTA curves verified these observations, indicating that nanocellulose as reinforcement for epoxy considerably improved thermal properties. Keywords: Nanocellulose, Pineapple leaf fiber, Epoxy, Physico-chemical, Themal analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jessalyn Clar Grumo)

26	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-23
Anti-corrosion properties of Polyaniline/Polyurethane composite coatings on mild steel using cocopol blend polyols Marjune T. Bonilla (a,b)*, Archie G. Ruda (a,b), Dave Joseph E. Estrada (c), Kurt Sterling M. Ubas (a,b), Aaron Andrew B. Mutia (a,b), Lloyd Allan T. Cabanog (a,b), Arnold A. Lubguban (c), Rey Y. Capangpangan (d), Joselito P. Labis (e), and Arnold C. Alguno (a,b) a Department of Physics, MSU- Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, 9200, Philippines b Premier Research of Science and Mathematics (PRISM), MSU - IIT, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines c Bio-products research laboratory, MSU-IIT, Iligan City, Lanao Del Norte, 9200, Philippines d Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, MSU-Naawan, Misamis Oriental, 9023, Philippines e King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract Polyurethane coating has been widely used as a protective coating due to its wide range of mechanical strength, excellent abrasion resistance, toughness, low-temperature flexibility, and chemical resistance, simplicity in production and application, and superior protection on corrosion to mild steel. No studies have reported utilizing cocopol blend polyols to produce polyurethane-based protective coatings on mild steel. In this work, we fabricated polyurethane-based and PANI/PU composite coatings with varying amounts of polyaniline nanoparticles on mild steel using cocopol blend polyols (combination of coconut-based polyol and polypropylene glycol) exposed in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for anti-corrosion application. Characterizations like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Potentiodynamic Polarization (Tafel plot), contact angle, adhesion test, FESEM, XRD, and UV-VIS were used in this study. Tafel plot revealed that PU-based and PANI/PU composite coatings exhibited a significant reduction in corrosion current density (Icorr), perhaps due to the inhibitor present in the coating, which reduced the corrosion rate of the metal by retarding the anodic process. Among all fabricated coatings, 0.5-PANI/PU composite coating was the best, having a less corrosion rate of 5.66x10-5 mmpy compared to others. In addition, its surface was more compact, smooth, and rigid, according to the result of FESEM, suggesting that it has better corrosion protection to mild steel. Hence, PU-based protective coating and PANI/PU composite coatings using cocopol blend polyols inhibited the penetration of the corrosive species and served as adequate barrier protection to corrosion for mild steel. Keywords: Polyurethane-based protective coating, cocopol blend polyols, Polyaniline/Polyurethane composite coatings, Potentiodynamic polarization (tafel plot), contact angle, adhesion test, FESEM, anti-corrosion coating Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marjune Tamayo Bonilla)

27	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-28
Effect of regulating the silver nitrate solution on the growth of honey-mediated silver nanoparticles via green synthesis for antibacterial application Aaron Andrew B. Mutia (a,b,f*), Rey Marc T. Cumba (d), Archie G. Ruda (a,b), Marjune T. Bonilla (a,b), Kurt Sterling M. Ubas (a,b), Lloyd Allan T. Cabanog (a,b,f), Rey Y. Capangpangan (c), Joselito P. Labis (e), Arnold C. Alguno (a,b) a)Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-IIT, 9200 Iligan City Philippines b) Premier Research of Science and Mathematics (PRISM), Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines c) Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Naawan Campus, Naawan Misamis Oriental d) Department of Chemistry, Caraga State University, Ampayon, Butuan City, 8600 Agusan del Norte Philippines e) King Abdullah Institute of Nanotechnology, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia f) Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Maramag 8714, Bukidnon, Philippines *aaaronandrew.mutia[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph Abstract Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using locally purchased honey and silver nitrate solution. This method provides a simplistic and straightforward approach to the formation of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles with varying amounts of silver nitrate solution were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, dynamic light scattering characterization was used to determine the average size and size distribution of silver nanoparticles. Experimental results revealed that varying the amount of silver nitrate solution can control the size and absorption spectra of silver nanoparticles. A large amount of silver nitrate solution will exhibit a peak in the higher wavelength. The shifting of the SPR bands are believed to be related to the surface plasmon resonance of nanoparticles. Moreover, a larger amount of silver nitrate solution also results in an increasing hydrodynamic size with 27.2, 57.9, and 63.4 nm as revealed in the size distribution via dynamic light scattering which also coincides with the particle size using TEM image analysis with 12.247 nm, 14.644 nm, and 45.234 nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have been found to be a face-centered cubic crystal structure consisting of peaks of (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes with an average size of ~10.88 nm. This green synthesis method of silver nanoparticles will provide a low cost-effective production as an alternative to commercial antibacterial agents. Keywords: silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, honey, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aaron Andrew Banez Mutia)

28	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-31
Thermal and Mechanical Performance of PU Foam from Coconut-based Polyol with direct incorporation of n-octadecane Miceh Rose D. Magdadaro (a*, b), Rolen Brian P. Rivera (a), Arnold A. Lubguban (b, c), Arnold C. Alguno (a, c, d) a) Primier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines *micehrose.magdadaro[at]g.msuiit.edu.ph b) Bio-Products Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines c) Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines d) Physics Department, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines Abstract Varied amount of n-octadecane (0.2 wt% -1.2 wt%) as phase change material were incorporated into PU foam formulation to enhance the thermal and mechanical performance of PU foams from coconut-based polyol as insulation material application. The thermal properties of PU foams were studied using Heat Flow Meter (HFM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) while on the other hand the compressive strength of PU foams were characterized using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Furthermore, the physical properties of PU foams were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in identifying the functional groups of PU foams. Result showed that 0.6 wt% of n-octadecane have better thermal conductivity of 0.0299 (W/mK) and better compressive strength of 571.77 MPa that is comparable to building standard compared to other produced PU foams while 0.4 wt% of n-octadecane have highest melting point of 54.25. It can be observed that the produced PU foams exhibit closed cell walls however as the amount of n-octadecane increases more ruptured and anisotropic cells is observed. Furthermore, FTIR results showed that significant peaks at 2925 cm-1 and 2853 cm-1 which signifies CH2 asymmetric stretching indicating that n-octadecane was successfully incorporated into PU foam matrix. Keywords: thermal conductivity, compressive strength, vegetable oil, bio-based polyol, PU foams, n-octadecane, phase change material Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Miceh Rose Dalahay Magdadaro)

29	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-36
Effect of Added Acrylate Demulsifier for Increasing Antioxidants Functional in Diesel Fuel Oil Cut Reza Wahyuni(1), Galank Cikal Nur Arifin(1), and Oksil Venriza (1)(a)(b) (1) Logistic Oil and Gas of Department, Polytechnic Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada no.38 Cepu, Blora, 58312, Central Java, Indonesia (a) Corresponding author: oksil.venriza[at]esdm.go.id (b) luctureroksil[at]gmail.com Abstract Biodiesel was produced by an esterification process with chemicals hygroscopic, otherwise, the biodiesel is very easy to produce from water, and the hydrocarbon compounds were easily oxidized, causing corrosion in the stockpiling process such as in storage tanks and distribution pipes. Antioxidants have been shown to reduce the formation of water in the biodiesel stockpiling process. While the demulsifier plays a role in helping to separate water and oil. In this study, the addition of an acrylate-based demulsifier in the accumulation of biodiesel-containing antioxidants was carried out. The antioxidant used in the form of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) with a concentration of 0.5 M has been able to play an active role in inhibiting the formation of water in the biodiesel stockpiling process. However, the stability of the water and oil emulsion has not been achieved properly, therefore the addition of an acrylate-based demulsifier with a volume of 2 ml, 5 ml, and 10 ml into 100 ml biodiesel can separate oil and water well. The biodiesel that has been added with a demulsifier is evaluated at storage times of 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The result is that the longer the accumulation process, the more stable the oil and water emulsion produced. An acrylate demulsifier that uses a semi-polar solvent is more effective than a polar solvent. To evaluate the water content in the biodiesel stockpiling process, water content measurements were carried out using coulometric and FTIR methods Keywords: Biodiesel, Demulsifier, Acrylate, Antioxidants Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Cut Reza Wahyuni)

30	Material and Applied Chemistry	ABS-43
Preparation of Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Grafted Pectin as Hemodialysis Membrane and Its Characterization Budi Hastuti (a*), Garnish Teantine Aurura (a), and Saptono Hadi (b) (a) Study Program of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, 57126 Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. (b) Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, 57126 Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. *Corresponding author: budihastuti[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract Pectin has demonstrated a great potential to act as a matrix for a wide variety of applications, such as biomedical fields. This study aims to modify pectin with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to fabricate new class of material for hemodialysis membrane application. In this study, Pectin-PVA membrane was prepared by addition of 4% PVA and filtration capacity of the membrane was tested for urea transport. The physic-mechanical properties of resultant Pectin-PVA membrane was also characterized by Tensile Test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that: (1). Pectin-PVA membrane was successfully synthesized, confirmed by FTIR spectra data of -OH, -CH2, -CH, -CO (ester), and C-O (ether) vibrations- (2). The addition of PVA significantly increased the membrane strength and elasticity, indicated by the stress and strain values. XRD data showed membrane has a crystalline structure, and SEM data showed microsphere size of the membrane, and (3) The filtration capability of the membrane was showed by the data profile of urea absorption. Keywords: pectin, poly(vinyl alcohol), grafting, hemodialysis membrane, urea Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Garnish Teantine Aurura)

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