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31	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-2
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL LOBSTER ARTIFICIAL REEF SITES IN THE GERUPUK WATERS OF CENTRAL LOMBOK, WEST NUSA TENGGARA Mujiyanto Mujiyanto1*), Arip Rahman1), Yayuk Sugianti1), Danu Wijaya2), Sri Endah Purnamaningtyas1), Didik Wahju Hendro Tjahjo1), Adriani Sri Nastiti1) 1) Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Innovation Research Agency, Indonesia 2) Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia Abstract Lobster (Panulirus spp) is one of the fisheries products which has become the most searched in international trade because of its high price. Therefore, the highest number of lobsters from the natural fishing effort. The increasing market has an impact on decreasing habitat. Uncontrollable degradation impact requires an alternative to save the stability of lobster production in nature. This study aims to analyse the suitability of candidate locations for the placement of Lobster Artificial Reefs. The selection site uses the Stationary Visual Census method, while oceanography parameters use Water Quality Checker. Data collected did in August and October 2021. Analyse suitability site was based on the bio-ecological parameters from some research stations. The research recommended all stations from 2014 to 2016 and FGD in July 2021. Recommendation site found around Kekep station. It would be expected to be a protected area from predators, and it can be a feeding area to provide natural food during lobsters^ life cycle in nature. These results still need to ensure the effectiveness of the artificial habitat function for lobster breeding. Further analysis is required to see the effectiveness value of the location and lobster artificial reef before being implemented in other locations. Keywords: artificial habitat, candidate sites, lobster fisheries Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mujiyanto Mujiyanto)

32	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-4
Study Of Seawater Elevation In Java Sea On El Nino and La Nina Conditions and The Impact On Brackishwater Ponds Sector (Case Study: Central Java and Sunda Straits) Muhammad Farhan (a), Rizky Novianti(a), Donaldi Sukma Permana(b), Kurnia Endah Komalasari(b), Tri Astuti Nuraini(b), Ratna Satyaningsih(b), Radyan Putra Pradanan(b) (a)Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Diponegoro University (b)Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency Abstract Increasing climate and extreme weather events such as ENSO and La Nina can affect water availability which has an impact on life, health, and food stability, one of which is the aquaculture sector where pond fishery is a source of animal food. This study aims to examine the sea level elevation that occurs during El Nino and La Nina conditions and its impact on the aquaculture sector in the Java Sea (Case Study: Central Java and the Sunda Strait). The observed effect of ENSO is the average sea level anomaly and average sea surface temperature during El Nino and La Nina conditions from 2007 to 2010. The results of the analysis show that the El Nino and La Nina phenomena in certain waters affect the average value of sea level anomaly (SLA). When La Nina occurs, there is an increase in SLA, although not too significant, and when El Nino occurs, the average value of the sea level anomaly decreases. These two phenomena also show an influence on El Nino and La Nina. had an effect on increasing pond yields while La Nina had an effect on decreasing pond yields. Keywords: El Nino, La Nina, sea level elevation, Java Sea, Sunda Strait Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kurnia Endah Komalasari)

33	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-7
Study Of Seawater Elevation In Java Sea On El Nino And La Nina Conditions And The Impact On Brackishwater Ponds Sector (Case Study: Central Java And Sunda Straits) Donaldi Sukma Permana (a), Kurnia Endah Komalasari(a), Muhammad Farhan(b), Rizky Novianti(b), Tri Astuti Nuraini(a), Ratna Satyaningsih(a), Radyan Putra Pradanana(a) (a) Meteorological, Climatological and Gheophyisical Agency (b) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Diponegoro University Abstract Increasing climate and extreme weather events such as ENSO and La Nina can affect water availability which has an impact on life, health, and food stability, one of which is the aquaculture sector where pond fishery is a source of animal food. This study aims to examine the sea level elevation that occurs during El Nino and La Nina conditions and its impact on the aquaculture sector in the Java Sea (Case Study: Central Java and the Sunda Strait). The observed effect of ENSO is the average sea level anomaly and average sea surface temperature during El Nino and La Nina conditions from 2007 to 2010. The results of the analysis show that the El Nino and La Nina phenomena in certain waters affect the average value of sea level anomaly (SLA). When La Nina occurs, there is an increase in SLA, although not too significant, and when El Nino occurs, the average value of the sea level anomaly decreases. These two phenomena also show an influence on El Nino and La Nina. had an effect on increasing pond yields while La Nina had an effect on decreasing pond yields. Keywords: El Nino, La Nina, sea level elevation, Java Sea, Sunda Strait, grADS. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kurnia Endah Komalasari)

34	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-8
Sedimentary seagrass carbon stock and sources of organic carbon in small islands of Indonesia Yusmiana P. Rahayu*1,2, Mariska A. Kusumaningtyas2, August Daulat2, Agustin Rustam2, Devi D. Suryono2, Hadiwijaya L. Salim2, Restu N. A. Ati2, Nasir Sudirman2, Terry L. Kepel3, Andreas A. Hutahaean4, Novi S. Adi5 1School of Biological Sciences, and Ocean Institute, the University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia 2Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, the National Research and Innovation Agency, the Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia 3Research Center for Oceanography, the National Research and Innovation Agency, the Republic of Indonesia, Ancol Science Area, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia 4Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment Republic of Indonesia, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia 5Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, the Republic of Indonesia, Gedung Mina Bahari III, Lt.11, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia Abstract Seagrass meadows are an important component of coastal ecosystems globally, and they capture and store organic carbon in living biomass and sediments. Geographical estimates of blue carbon in seagrass habitats are regionally biased, with limited information from the Indo Pacific region, including Indonesia. Seagrass extent in Indonesia is declining rapidly, and it has been suggested that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important instrument to support protection of seagrass ecosystems and their services. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and compare sedimentary carbon stocks and sources of organic carbon from seagrass meadows located in undisturbed areas outside MPA, disturbed areas outside MPA, and within MPA in three small islands in Indonesia. The sediment carbon stocks from this study ranged from 19.81 to 117.49 Mg C/ha, with the highest stock measured inside MPA (77.15 Mg C/ha), followed by undisturbed outside MPA (36.08 Mg C/ha), and the lowest stock at disturbed outside MPA (21.86 Mg C/ha). The predominant source of organic carbon in disturbed meadows was from coastal POM (particulate organic matter, 36%), while in MPA and undisturbed sites the main source was from seagrass, with 38% and 60% contributions, respectively. The results of this study highlight the potential of MPAs for conserving carbon stock in seagrass ecosystems and provide important information on the importance of MPAs in avoiding emissions caused by remineralisation of sediment organic carbon following seagrass degradation. Keywords: blue carbon, isotopes, organic carbon, climate change, MPA, conservation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusmiana Rahayu)

35	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-10
Distribution of Coral Life Forms Based on Sea Current Velocity on Mare Island, North Maluku, and Kei Besar Island, Maluku Addiena Kesuma (ab), Lamona I. Bernawis (c*d), Beginer Subhan (e), Muhidin (f), Nuryani M. Sangadji (g) a) Graduate Study Program of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia b) Fisheries Diving Club, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Jalan Raya Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia c) Research Group of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *lamona[at]itb.ac.id d) Center for Coastal and Marine Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia e) Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Jalan Raya Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia f) Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program, Jalan Malabar 1 No.11, Bogor City 16128, Indonesia g) Department of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of North Maluku Province, Jalan Raya Tuna No.06, Sofifi 97827, Indonesia Abstract Diverse life forms found on coral reefs indicate resilience to environmental change, sustaining marine biodiversity and ensuring the stability of the coastal communities^ ecosystems. This study investigates the relationship between sea currents and the life forms of coral reefs in Indonesia and focuses on two primary locations: Kei Besar Island, Maluku, and Mare Island in North Maluku. Sea current data from global real-time ocean forecast and coral cover data were analyzed to assess the influence of current conditions on the percentage of hard coral cover and the morphological composition of corals. The dominant bottom substrate in both locations is hard coral, with varying percentages of cover. Thirteen distinct life forms of coral were identified in both study sites, with massive and sub-massive forms being the most prevalent on Kei Besar Island (41%) having mean current velocities of 0.159 m/s, and branching forms (40%) being dominant on Mare Island with mean current velocities were 0.103 m/s. According to Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), coral life forms ACD, CE, CM, CME, and CS are associated with the current in Kei Besar Island. Conversely, coral reefs characterized by life forms ACB, ACS, ACT, CB, CF, CHL, CMR, and CT are related to current conditions in Mare Island. The Massive and encrusting form is strongly positively (negatively) correlated with faster (slower) currents, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 (-0.84) and 0.58 (-0.58). On the other hand, the branching form (ACB) is positively (negatively) correlated with slower (faster) currents, with a correlation coefficient of 0.59 (-0.59). Keywords: Sea currents- Coral life forms- Mare Island- Kei Besar Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Addiena Kesuma)

36	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-13
Locals and Tourists Participation on Coral Reef Rehabilitation in Seribu Islands, Indonesia Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman (1,*), Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat (2), Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat (2), Dede Rohmat (3), Hendro Murtianto (3), Wahyu Eridiana (3) 1 Tourism Planning and Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia *correspondence: mutiaraminr[at]gmail.com 2 Water Resource Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia 3 Department of Geography, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Despite coral reefs being one of the main attractions for marine tourism activities, these activities are also the main factor causing coral damage. To preserve and overcome the damage to coral reefs, rehabilitation activities involving the community and tourists should be attempted. This research studies the locals^ and tourists^ participation and involvement in coral reef rehabilitation activities on Pramuka Island and Pari Island. The results show that the level of local participation and involvement on Pramuka Island is generally moderate, while on Pari Island, the level is generally high. The locals on Pramuka Island predominantly participate in the form of ideas and are involved in implementing rehabilitation activities. On Pari Island, participation is more diverse- it comes in the form of energy, time, and skills, and is more involved in implementing and benefiting from rehabilitation. The productive age group dominates the age group active in rehabilitation activities on Pramuka Island, while on Pari Island, it is dominated by young people. In general, tourist participation and involvement in both research locations are still minimal. Thus, efforts to develop rehabilitation activities on Pramuka Island must focus more on young people by emphasizing participation in various aspects. Meanwhile, on Pramuka Island, rehabilitation activities must involve more productive age communities and integrate them with existing communities. Tourist participation and involvement can be integrated with existing tourism activities for these two locations. Keywords: Likert Scale, Marine Tourism, Coral Conservation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman)

37	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-14
Salinity and temperature regulations on the genus Trichodesmium in Pombo Island national marine park environment, Central Maluku Sem Likumahua*, Fismatman Ruli Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia (Branch Office Jl. Y. Syaranamual, Guru-guru, Poka - Ambon, 97233) *seml001[at]brin.go.id Abstract Genus Trichodesmium is a wide-spread planktonic cyanobacteria in the world ocean that has an ability to fix nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere in N-starved marine environments. Thus, the present of the genus in a marine environment plays an important role in sustaining marine life by providing key nutrient elements via biogeochemical cycles. The present study aims to investigate Trichodesmium dynamics and their responses to environmental drivers in a national marine park Pombo Island during the easterly monsoon. Phytoplankton samples were collected using a plankton net during a fortnightly-campaign scheme between June and August, during which sea surface temperature, salinity, nitrate, phosphate and water transparency were measured from seven stations. Trichodesmium^s filaments were recorded in all stations during the observation with high percentages of occurrences (ranged between 13% and 59%) of the total phytoplankton community. During the observation, low sea surface temperature and high salinity levels were recorded indicating that Banda Sea^s upwelling reached Pombo Island. The principal component analysis revealed that during the upwelling period, Trichodesmium abundances were positively correlated with increased salinity, yet inversely correlated with temperature (n = 42). Meanwhile, nutrient concentrations showed no impacts on the abundance. This study revealed that physical properties mainly governed dynamics of the genus during the southeast monsoon, during which nutrient was provided by upwelling. Further annual dynamics needs to be investigated in order to fully understand environmental regulations on the genus as well as on N fixing processes and nutrient cycles. Keywords: Cyanobacteria, nitrogen, upwelling, Banda Sea, southeast monsoon Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sem Likumahua)

38	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-15
Seagrass Blue Carbon Stocks and Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in Seagrass Meadows Jepara , Indonesia Nurul Latifah(a)(b), Nining Sari Ningsih(c*), Aditya Rakhmat Kartadikaria(c), Anindya Wirasatriya(d) a). Doctoral Program in Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia b). Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia c). Research Group of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *nsningsih[at]itb.ac.id d). Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia Abstract Keywords: blue carbon- seagrass- fluxes CO2- organic carbon stock- Jepara Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurul Latifah)

39	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-26
Study of heavy metal lead (Pb) content in the coral reef environment of Panjang Island, Banten Ahmad Al Fauzan(a*), Dwi Amanda Utami (b), Rima Rachmayani (a), Ayu Utami Nurhidayati (b) a) Oceanography Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung - Jl. Ganesha No. 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia *aalfauzan[at]students.itb.ac.id b) Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia - Jl. Cisitu Sangkuriang, 40135 Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Rapid industrial expansion in Banten has triggered a surge in pollution, impacting areas like Panjang Island in Banten Bay. Pollution on Panjang Island stems primarily from industrial operations and shipping activities. This study investigates the distribution of lead (Pb) metal concentrations in Panjang Island^s coral reef environment, focusing on sediment and surface water. It also examines how seasonal variations, influenced by ocean currents, affect Pb concentration distribution. We gathered data using purposive sampling, collecting sediment samples, surface water samples, and oceanographic data. Pb levels in both sediments and surface water underwent analysis at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) laboratory, employing atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our findings indicate that during the transitional II season, sediment Pb concentrations ranged from 4.2 to 17 mg/kg, while the westerly season showed Pb concentrations spanning 3.8 to 23.4 mg/kg. Surface water during these seasons exhibited Pb concentrations varying from 0 to 0.03 mg/l. Notably, at several monitoring stations, surface water Pb concentrations exceeded the threshold set by Regulation No. 22 of 2021, suggesting potential harm to the coral reef ecosystem surrounding Panjang Island. Elevated Pb concentrations were observed during the transitional II season in the island^s western part and the westerly season in the eastern part. These disparities appear to be influenced by the direction of ocean currents, highlighting their role in shaping Pb distribution in Panjang Island^s waters. Keywords: Lead (Pb), Sediment, Surface water, Transitional II season, Westerly season, Panjang Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ahmad Al Fauzan)

40	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-28
Relevant international conventions on marine mammal management and the adherence of the Indonesian regulatory framework to the conventions Achmad Sahri Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Abstract Five international conventions related to marine mammal governance were analyzed to comprehend the benefits they provide for marine mammal conservation management. In addition, 28 Indonesian regulations were also examined to assess the available policies related to marine mammal management and the adherence of the country^s regulatory framework to the conventions. Three conventions were ratified entirely by the Indonesian government, namely the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the Convention on Biological Diversity of the United Nations (CBD), because of their benefits for and in line with the country^s goal on marine biota protection and management. The two conventions that are not (yet) ratified by Indonesia are the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). We found some urgent-yet-lacking policies from the current regulations, including regulations on traditional whale hunting, the code of conduct for marine mammal watching tourism, and underwater noise pollution. The examination of the Indonesian legislative framework for marine mammal governance and protection shows that the country^s management approach mostly reflects and adheres the required principles laid down in the five international conventions. We suggest Indonesian government to be a full member of the CMS and IWC to further strengthen the conservation management of marine mammals, including managing traditional hunting practiced by Indonesian locals, and other support and benefits beyond whaling provided by the conventions. Keywords: conservation management, international convention, marine mammal, Indonesian regulation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Sahri)

41	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-30
Management Fish Resources and Protection Family of Rhinidae in the Java Sea, Indonesia 1Ayu Fitri Mardhotillah, 2 Agus Hartoko, dan 3 Aristi Dian Purnama Fitri 1Magister study program of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Department of Capture Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia Abstract Excessive exploitation of stingrays causes the threat of stingray species in Indonesia that are vulnerable to extinction. Overfishing and hunting for stingrays has endangered the stingray species due to high market demand for stingray meat, skin and fins. From the data obtained, the utilization rate of stingrays in the Java Sea reached 62%. Stingrays in WPP712 were caught around Maselembu Island, north of Bawean Island, south of Kalimantan Island and around small marine islands. With a specific sandy mud substrate near the reef the depth ranges from 0-40. The average number of stingrays caught in the western season was 5742 kekeh rays and miserly rays and in the western season it reached 1316. Strategic priorities are obtained, namely, full control of the trade in stingrays, especially protected rays both inside and outside the country, formulation of stingray conservation areas that are included in the Red list and CITES I and II, it is necessary to carry out an in-depth study of the number of stingray species in Indonesia related with the number of each ray species, conduct counseling regarding the size and quota of protected ray catches by involving related stekhorders. Keywords: AHP, Habitat, Spatial Model, Conservation, Java Sea, SWOT Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ayu fitri mardhotillah)

42	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-34
Distribution of Potassium and Calcium Ions in Padelegan Water and Their Correlation to Water Quality Haris Septian (a), Ary Giri Dwi Kartika (a*, b), Nike Ika Nuzula (a, b), Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi (a, b) a) Marine Science Departement, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Bangkalan, Indonesia *arygiri.dwikartika[at]trunojoyo.ac.id b) Salt Science and Technology, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Bangkalan, Indonesia Abstract The main ion content in seawater can provide information about the quality of seawater. Two of the important ions contained in seawater are potassium and calcium. Minerals such as potassium and calcium are inorganic components, components of body tissue and components of body liquids that work in conjunction with proteins, hormones, vitamins and other transport materials. The method used to determine the content of potassium and calcium in samples using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). This study aims to determine the content of potassium and calcium in Padelegan waters and their distribution, to obtain a correlation between the two ions and water quality. There are six points used as seawater sampling sites in Padelegan waters. Therefore, so that the results obtained potassium concentrations ranged from 102,83 to 267,49 mg/L, and those for calcium from 205,61 to 492,49 mg/L. The results of correlation research between potassium and calcium concentrations and sea water quality in Padelegan waters show a weak negative correlation in Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Salinity, Specific Gravity (SG), and Turbidity, and a weak positive correlation for Temperature parameters. Keywords: potassium, calcium, seawater, water quality, madura Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Haris Septian)

43	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-35
Tidal Range Energy Conversion From Benoa, Bali Armitha Nasywa Az Zahra (a*), Ary Giri Dwi Kartika(a,b), Herlambang Aulia Rachman(a) a) Marine Science Departement, University of Trunojoyo Madura Madura, Bangkalan 69162, Indonesia *200341100007[at]student.trunojoyo.ac.id b) Salt Science and Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura Madura, Bangkalan 69162, Indonesia Abstract As one of the oceanographic parameters, the tidal range can be used as a source of blue energy in producing renewable energy such as electricity in Indonesian territory, especially in small islands. Utilization of tidal ranges in producing electrical energy will be more environmentally friendly when compared to Steam-Electric Power Station, which require coal resources as a power source. This study aims to determine the potential for renewable energy from tides in Benoa waters, Bali. The data used in this study is sea level data from tide gauges sourced from the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center (UHSLC). Analysis of tidal types and components in this study was carried out using the least squares method using the R program language. The results showed that the tidal type of Benoa waters is a Mixed Semi-diurnal tide. In 2020 and 2021, the highest tidal ranges are 2.46m (in December) and 2.3m (in March, November, and December), respectively. The simulation results for a 1000 m2 pond show that the energy potential in 2020 is 24.0 kWh and in 2022 it is 27.7 kWh. The tidal value^s magnitude influences the tidal energy potential- the more significant the tidal value, the greater the energy produced. Keywords: Tide- Energy- Tidal Range- Renewable Energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Armitha Nasywa Az Zahra)

44	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-39
Characterization and Implications of Plastiglomerates, Pyroplastic, Plasticrust, and Plastitar as the Novel Type of Plastic Pollution in Tropical Coastal Ecosystems Dwi Amanda Utami (1,2)*, Lars Reuning (2), Lorentz Schwark (2), Gernot Friedrich (3), Ludwig Diettmer (3), Ayu Utami Nurhidayati (1), Ahmad Al Fauzan (4,1), Sri Yudawati Cahyarini (1) 1) Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia - Jl. Cisitu Sangkuriang, 40135 Bandung, Indonesia 2) Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University - Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany 3) Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kiel University - Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany 4) Oceanography Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung - Jl. Ganesha No. 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia *dwia012[at]brin.go.id Abstract The global accumulation of plastic waste, particularly in marine environments, poses a significant threat to the health and stability of coastal ecosystems. This study investigates the presence and characteristics of plastiglomerate, pyroplastic, plasticrust, and plastitar in a tropical marine region of Indonesia. These novel forms of plastic pollution, resulting from the unregulated burning of plastic waste, have raised concerns due to their potential ecological impacts. Through field surveys and laboratory analyses, we identified and analyzed 25 samples of plastic pollution collected from the northern coast of Panjang Island. The samples exhibited a range of physical and chemical properties, including differences in mass, dimensions, melting, and charring. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were the predominant polymer types detected, alongside acrylates/polyurethane/varnish and a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, which are reported here for the first time in plastiglomerates. The samples displayed various stages of weathering, with evidence of thermo-oxidative degradation and oxidation products. Furthermore, the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalates was observed with high concentrations detected in some samples. These findings highlight the urgent need to address the uncontrolled burning of plastic waste and its associated risks to coastal ecosystems. Plastiglomerates and related forms of plastic pollution not only contribute to microplastic contamination but also serve as vectors for the transfer of toxic pollutants to sensitive habitats, including coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests. The insights gained from this study can guide marine conservation policies aimed at protecting tropical coastal ecosystems from the detrimental effects of plastic pollution. Keywords: Plastic litter, plastiglomerates, plastic burning, marine pollution Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Amanda Utami)

45	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-40
Weathering of Single-Use Plastic Straws on a Tropical Coral Beach and their Implications for Microplastic Generation Dwi Amanda Utami (1)*, Sri Yudawati Cahyarini (1), Ayu Utami Nurhidayati (1), Tubagus Solihuddin (1), Marfasran Hendrizan (1) 1) Research Group of Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment, Research Center of Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Indonesia *dwia012[at]brin.go.id Abstract Plastics have become an integral part of modern life due to their versatile properties- however, their improper disposal has led to widespread environmental pollution. The accumulation of plastic waste, especially in marine environments, has raised concerns due to its detrimental impact on ecosystems. This study focuses on the weathering and fragmentation of single-use plastic straws, a significant contributor to marine plastic debris, on a tropical coral beach. Field observations were conducted on Panjang Island in Banten Bay, Indonesia, where plastic straws were found stranded and partially degraded into smaller plastic fragments. The degradation process was primarily attributed to photooxidation, thermo-oxidation, and mechanical abrasion, causing plastic straws to lose their elasticity and become brittle, ultimately leading to the generation of microplastics. This preliminary work sheds light on the processes governing the transformation of plastic straws into microplastics in a tropical beach environment. Further investigations, including morphological screening using SEM-EDX and FTIR for polymer identification, are essential to enhance our understanding of microplastic formation and its potential ecological impacts. Addressing the challenges posed by plastic pollution requires a comprehensive understanding of the weathering and degradation of plastic materials to develop effective strategies for mitigating their environmental consequences. Keywords: Marine pollution, Plastic waste, plastic weathering, microplastic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Amanda Utami)

46	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-52
Abundance and Composition of Fish Larvae in the Southern Indian Ocean of Java and its Environmental Aspects Muhammad Taufik(1), Yoke Hany R(2), Thomas Hidayat(1), Asep Makmun(3), Nurulludin(1), Karsono Wagiyo(1), Anthony Sisco P(1), Prihatiningsih(1) 1)Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation Agency. 2)Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency. 3)Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University. Abstract The study of ichthyoplankton regarding the abundance and distribution of fish larvae is important to study because the mortality it experiences greatly affects the success in the recruitment process of adult fish as well as fishery resources. Fish larvae samples were collected in the southern waters of Java using the Baruna Jaya IV research vessel in September - October 2015. Fish larvae were collected from 36 stations using bongo-net and oceanographic data such as temperature and salinity were collected using CTD while chlorophyll-a using Aqua MODIS satellite L3. The results showed the range of fish larvae abundance was 0 - 2,074 ind/1000 m3 with an average of 117 ind/1000 m3. The fish eggs were found with an abundance of 0 - 1,601 eggs/1000 m3 with average of 213 eggs/1000 m3. The composition of fish larvae recorded 22 families, with 5 dominant families are Scombridae (28.60%), Bregmacerotidae (22.96%), Carangidae (7.93), Blennidae (7.52%), and Gobiidae (7.52%). The highest abundance of fish larvae was found at stasion 11 had SST 23.50 0C- SSS 34.56 PSU- and CHL-a 0.33 mg/m3 with Bregmacerotidae as the single taxon. The diversity of fish larvae was most prevalent at station 28 (SST 26.7 0C- SSS 34.4 PSU- and CHL-a 0.43 mg/m3) and station 36 (SST 27.4 0C- SSS 34.4 PSU) each found 9 familiesScombridae was mostly found at stasion 22 with sea surface temperature (SST) 26.52 0C - sea surface salinity (SSS) 34.28 PSU- and sea surface chlorophyll-a (CHL-a) 0.41 mg/m3 which is located in the southern waters of Lombok. Keywords: fish larvae, Indian Ocean, SST, Salinity, abundance, fishery Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Taufik)

47	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-79
Long-term pattern of the shrimp landing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the three major cities in Sabah, Malaysia. Michelin Collyen Jimmy, Madihah Jafar-Sidik*, Saleem Mustafa Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Abstract Sabah is blessed with diverse natural resources, including a hundred species of commercial-value marine fishes. Establishing a movement control order during the Covid-19 pandemic may affect many social economics activities, primarily the fisheries industry. There are two aims of this study. The first aim is to investigate the long-term (21 years) shrimp landing pattern at Sabah^s three major cities: Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan and Tawau. The second aim is to determine the variation in abundance and diversity of the shrimp landing during Covid-19 in the study areas. The shrimp data are collected from the Department of Fisheries Sabah (DOFS). The result shows a fluctuating annual trend of shrimp landing, with the highest peak in 2010 with a total of 7,058.03 MT. Meanwhile, the lowest was recorded in 2003 (3,003.90 MT). Among the three cities, Tawau has the highest shrimp landings. There are 13 species of shrimp recorded from 2000 to 2021. There was a decline in the diversity of shrimp in Tawau in 2019 (before Covid-19), with 11 species which reduced during Covid-19 to 8 species in 2021. The abundance of shrimp indicated decreased during the pandemic. In conclusion, Tawau, surrounded by the Celebes Sea, indicated an apparent impact of shrimp landing during the pandemic compared to Kota Kinabalu (South China Sea) and Sandakan (Sulu Sea). However, this impact might relate to other factors such as supply-chain activities of fisheries. Keywords: Shrimp landing, Diversity, Abundance, Covid-19 pandemic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MICHELIN COLLYEN JIMMY)

48	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-91
Study Of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) In The Northern Waters Of Belitung Regency Salsabila Fathona (a*), Ayu Utami Nurhidayati (b), Rima Rachmayani (a), Dwi Amanda Utami (b) a) Oceanography Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung - Jl. Ganesha No. 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia *salsabilaafath[at]students.itb.ac.id b) Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia - Jl. Cisitu Sangkuriang, 40135 Bandung, Indonesia Abstract The Belitung Regency has considerable tin potential spread over the land, rivers and beaches. This potential has been mined for hundreds of years. Unfortunately, this tin mining activity has been indicated to be a source of pollution in the northern region of Belitung Regency. This is the background for the purpose of this study, which is to determine the distribution of lead metal (Pb) concentrations in sediments and water column in the northern waters of Belitung Regency, and to determine the effect of season (ocean current) to the distribution of lead concentration. Data collection was conducted insitu, data taken in the form of sediment samples, water column samples, and oceanographic parameters (sea water quality and ocean currents). Lead in sediment and water column was analyzed at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) laboratory using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The results indicate that Pb metal in sediment samples in the east monsoon ranging from 10.08 - 50.08 mg/kg while in the west monsoon, lead concentrations ranging from 10.96 - 60.72 mg/kg. In the water column, lead concentration in the west monsoon ranging from 0 - 0.05 mg/L. Almost all Pb metal concentration stations in the water column have values above the threshold based on PP. No. 22 of 2021 and some Pb concentration stations in the sediment have values above the threshold based on ANZECC & ARMCANZ so that it is indicated that it can affect the condition of marine biota. Pb concentration in the sediment was higher than in the water column in the west season in the west monsoon. Seasonal analysis showed that in the east monsoon, the highest concentration of Pb in the sediment was in the open sea and in the west monsoon in the river. This indicates the influence of ocean currents on the distribution of Pb metal. Keywords: AAS, Belitung Regency, Lead (Pb), Ocean Currents, Sediment, Water column Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Salsabila Fathona)

49	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-92
PRELIMINARY RESULT OF MARINE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SUPPORTING BELITONG GLOBAL GEOPARK F.X. HARKINS H. PRABOWO (a*), NUR ADI KRISTANTO (a), FAUZI BUDI PRASETIO (a), IMELDA ROSIANA SILALAHI (a), SITI MARINA (a), YULI YULIANAH (a), CATUR PURWANTO (a), YUSUF ADAM PRIYOHANDONO (a), SONNY MAWARDI (a), GODWIN LATUPUTTY (a), PRISCA AYU WASTUWIDYARANI (a), ADI C. SINAGA (a), LULI GUSTIANTINI (a) a) Marine Geological Institute, Geological Agency - Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jl. Dr. Junjunan no. 236 Bandung, 40174. Abstract One of the 10 UGGp in Indonesia is the UGGp Belitong, recognized as a global geopark since 2021. Geosites of Belitong Geopark are mostly found on the beaches including the 241 small islands surrounding Belitung, hence marine geology and oceanographic information are essential to protect the existence of the sites. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to get information on marine geology and oceanography surrounding Manggar Waters, east of Belitong, that is useful in marine areas planning and information enrichment of geological heritage. We conducted a bathymetrical survey by using an echotrac echosounder, current measurement by infinity, sediment characteristic analyzed from 40 seabed surface sediment samples, and coastal characteristic mapping. We investigated the morphology of small islands including Bukulimau and Siadung by UAV drone. The result indicates that the sediment characteristic is dominated by coarse sediment particularly sand, and clayey sand. Gravel is also found nearby Buku Limau island. Microfauna foraminifera contained in the marine sediments is rather low divers, dominated by Operculina and Amphistegina. The beach morphology of Manggar is characterized by 2 types are rocky beaches in the northern part composed of igneous rock Units, and flat beaches in the southern part, composed of beach alluvium deposits units. Abrasion is dominant in the southern part, particularly in the southern of Tambak Beach. The beach of Both Buku Limau and Siadung Islands are characterized by flat beaches, composed of coral reefs. The coastline of both islands is characterized by sandy coast and rocky coast. Keywords: UGGp Belitong- marine geopark- marine sediment characteristic- coastal characteristic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Luli Gustiantini)

50	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-95
Marine Sediment Characteristics of Pulau Layang Layang Malaysia Mohd Azamuddin Mohd Hassan (a), Ejria Saleh* (a,b), Muhammad Ali Syed Hussein (a,b), Chen Cheng Ann, (a)Ooi Tian Run (a) (a) Borneo Marine Research Institute Universiti Malaysia Sabah (b) Small Island Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Abstract Pulau Layang Layang is part of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. It is approximately 180 nautical miles from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The marine sediment characteristics and ecosystems harbour a diverse range of marine life and play a vital role in island biodiversity. The marine sediment can be classified into various categories based on the sediment sources. The objectives of this study are to obtain the grain size of the sediment and to interpret the depositional processes in Pulau Layang Layang. The sediment samples were collected in June 2022 from 8 locations around the island and underwent laboratory particle size analysis (PSA) at Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. The sediment samples of approximate 100 g were dried in an oven at 60 degree C for 48 hours before the sieving process. The particle size data of the samples were further analyzed using Gradistat software for mean, shorting, skewness and kurtosis. The dominant size of seabed sediment varies for each station but the dominant grain size ranging from 63 micrometer to 500 micrometer. Grain size results indicate that the mean, standard deviation sorting, skewness and kurtosis values for the sediment samples both inside and outside of the Layang Layang Lagoon range from negative 0.421 to 4.717 very coarse silt grained to Very coarse grained sand 0.852 to 2.096 indicating Moderately Sorted to Very Poorly Sorted sand negative 0.442 to 0.373 very Coarse Skewed to Very Fine Skewed and 0.682 to 1.411 platykurtic to leptokurtic, respectively. Most samples are poorly sorted and categorized as medium sand with slight gravel. This study contributes to our understanding of the marine sediment dynamics in Pulau Layang Layang and its role in supporting the local marine ecosystem. The findings may have implications for both ecological conservation and broader environmental management efforts in the South China Sea region. Keywords: Marine sediments Pulau Layang Layang South China Sea grain size distribution ecosystem dynamics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohd Azamuddin Mohd Hassan)

51	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-116
Actinobacteria diversity associated with sponge Amorphinopsis exacavans from Rancabuaya Beach, Garut, Indonesia Yoice Srikandace (a,b)*, Yatri Hapsari (c) , and Dian Andriani (d) a) Doctoral Program of Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia b) Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Cisitu No. 21/154D, Bandung, West Java 40135, Indonesia c) Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, Indonesia d) Research Center for Applied Microbiology - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, Indonesia Abstract Sponges are complex marine organisms known for their symbiotic relationships with various bacterial communities, which play structural and functional roles within the sponge holobiont. Actinobacteria have received much attention because of their potential pharmaceutical applications. This study examines Amorphinopsis excavans profile, distinguishing between endosymbionts and ectosymbionts. The microbial grouping was characterized using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) anchored to the 16S rRNA marker. The results showed that at the phylum level, both the endosymbiont and ectosymbiont communities were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The actinobacterial diversity index at the genus level in both communities was 2.77 and 3.11 which indicated moderate to high diversity without a dominant genus. They also revealed a high population type with an evenness index at the genus level of 0.81 and 0.89. Relative abundance revealed the three most prevalent genera in the endosymbiont community were Rothia, Thermoplyspora, and Thermomonospora. In contrast, Kocuria, Mycobacterium, and Bifidobacterium were the three most common genera of ectosymbionts. Leuconostoc citreum was the first species known to be associated with a sponge. This study is a developing metagenomic assessment of actinobacterial diversity in A. excavans, providing novel insights into the sponge^s complex microbial ecosystem. Keywords: actinobacteria, Amorphinopsis excavans, symbionts, metagenomic, NGS Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yoice Srikandace Srikandace)

52	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-119
The Influence of Underwater Sound Strength on Boronang Fish Populations in Seaweed Cultivation Areas Ma^ruf Kasim1, Mustarum Musaruddin2, Nurdiana1, Liza Kurnia Mansur1, Ratna Diyah Palupi1, Wardha Jalil3, Amadhan Takwir1 1Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia 2Faculty of Engineering, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia 3Faculty of Fishery, Dayanu Iksanuddin University. Baubau, Indonesia. Abstract One of the fascinating oceanic phenomena is underwater sound. The underwater sound may travel far and spread very quickly. Marine organisms, particularly fish and mammals, can be affected by underwater sounds. The Siganus fish is one of the organisms that can be influenced by underwater sound. This study aims to determine the sound strength of the fish population in seaweed cultivation areas. This research was carried out in May and July at seaweed cultivation areas in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The underwater sound source is produced by a seaweed pest repellent which is designed as a waterproof device and specifically emits sound with a certain strength underwater. Measuring the underwater sound strength, an underwater sound meter with the SW524 Sound Level Meter with a response level of 31.5 Hz-5.8 kHz was used. This research found that sound strength and fish population (Siganus sp.) are negatively correlated. At a sea area^s 60 m diameter, underwater sound can spread swiftly at a strength level of 76.19-83.09 dB. The largest distance can be 150 m in circumference of the sea region when multiplied at a strength of 62.41-69.30 dB. However, when ocean currents are encouraged to flow in a certain way, the range of underwater sound will be greater. With a sound level of 62.41 dB, the fish population (Siganus canaliculatus) did not appear in the seaweed cultivation area. At a sound level of 48.62 dB, there are roughly 2-4 ind/m2 of Siganid fish. S. canaliculatus population may be influenced by underwater sound with a sound level above 50 dB. Seaweed pest repellent tool has a good function in eliminating fish populations that graze seaweed in cultivation areas. Keywords: underwater sound- siganus sp.- seaweed- cultivation. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maruf Kasim)

53	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-123
Observation of Upwelling and Chlorophyll-a Spatio-Temporal Distribution in Relation to Physicochemical Parameters in the Flores Sea and Pantar Strait, Indonesia Iis Triyulianti1, AnindyaWirasatya2, Gede Iwan Setiabudi3, Faisal Hamzah4, Alexander Yosep Elake5, Akhmad Tri Prasetyo2, Muhammad Zainuri2, Dessy Berlianti4, Dwiyoga Nugroho4, Bayu Priyono4, Teguh Agustiadi4, Rafidha Dh Opier1, Muhammad Rachel Farchan2, Deirus Rizki Khair6 1 Research Center of Deep Sea, BRIN 2 Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, UNDIP 3 Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, UNDIKHSA 4 Research Center Of Oceanography, BRIN 5 Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, UNPATTI 6 PUSHIDROS TNI AL Abstract The Flores sea and Pantar sea waters are Indonesian deep waters that are passed by the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which originates in the Pacific Oceans and flows to the Indian Ocean through Lombok stait. These water masses have distinct properties are thought to impact on the mechanisms and processes of marine physics and biogeochemistry in Flores Sea and Pantar Strait waters. This study provides a preliminary results of the Jala Citra 3 Expeditions 2023 in the Flores Sea and Pantar strait for the observation of upwelling and the measurement of chlorophyll-a and physic-chemical parameters as part of their program in Indonesian waters ecology and oceanography. The purpose of this study is to investigate satellite and in situ datas observation for chlorophyll-a and physics-chemical parameters in the Flores sea and pantar strait waters. The expeditions was conducted using KRI SPICA 934 in April 2023. The processing of temperature satellite imagery data revealed that upwelling events in April 2023 appear to be weak. Upwelling affects the region&#39-s hydrology by lowering temperature and dissolved oxygen while increasing salinity, density, and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations. Temperature, salinity, total suspended matter (TSM), chlorophyll-a, and dissolved oxygen (DO) value distributions all showed spatial heterogeneity. All physico-chemical datasets that underwent cluster analysis produced two unique clusters, demonstrating the existence of two distinct regions that are highly impacted by physico-chemical parameters. Keywords: PleaseUpwelling, Chlorophyll-a, Physic-Chemical Parameters, Flores Sea, Pantar Strait Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iis Triyulianti)

54	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-125
Biodiversity and community structure of phytoplankton in Domas coastal waters, Banten Bay, Indonesia H Thoha1, N Fitriya1, Sulistiono2, A Asriansyah2, DY Wulandari2, A Ervinia2, F Baihaqi2, E Srimariana3, B Subchan3, RE Arhatin3, T Hestirianoto3 1Research Center for Oceanography, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih No. 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia 3Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia Corresponding Author: onosulistiono[at]gmail.com Abstract Domas^s coastal waters are located in the eastern part of Banten Bay. These water areas are fishing grounds for various fish species and other local fishermen^s marine biotas. This study examines phytoplankton^s diversity and community structure in the Domas coastal waters. It was conducted for 6 months, from August 2021 to January 2022. A sampling of the phytoplankton and water quality measurement were carried out monthly at six stations. Identification was carried out in the laboratory, and data analysis was carried out to estimate abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance indices. Based on observations, phytoplankton in these waters consisted of two classes, namely Bacillariophyceae (23 genera) and Dinophyceae (8 genera). The phytoplankton genera found in abundance were Skeletonema sp, Thalassionema sp, and Chaetoceros sp. The number of taxa and abundance varied, 6-21 and 147996-68308959 cells/m3, respectively. The diversity, evenness, and dominance indices differed, 0.520-1.908, 0.183-0.705, and 0.231-0.830, respectively. Based on the results of these calculations, it can be conveyed that the diversity, uniformity, and dominance of phytoplankton in these waters are classified as moderate. Keywords: Phytoplankton, Domas Coastal, Banten Bay Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hikmah Thoha)

55	Marine Resources, and Conservation	ABS-129
The Abundance of Marine Plastic Debris in Indonesia^s Ocean E A Winardi1, M R Putri2 1 Korea-Indonesia Marine Technology Cooperation Research Center (MTCRC), Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract An estimated 275 million metric tons of plastic waste are produced globally annually. Plastic waste is a global problem expected to increase with population growth. Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world and produces the most plastic waste. Indonesia^s government plans to reduce plastic waste by 70% by 2025. This scientific paper aims to show the amount of plastic production in Indonesia. The linear regression approach of the national marine plastic leakage trend from 2018 to 2022, it can be predicted that plastic waste leakage in 2025 will reach 0.228 million tons. The prediction of plastic waste leakage in 2025 states that Indonesia has reached 62.92%, which means that Indonesia has yet to achieve its goals by Presidential Regulation No. 83/2018. However, the leakage of marine plastic waste is predicted to have a value that has reached 0 by 2029, so it can be expected that Indonesia will become a country free of marine plastic waste in 2045. In addition, there is still a need for action to overcome plastic waste that has entered the marine environment and cooperate with countries to achieve Indonesia^s seas free of plastic waste. Keywords: Estimation and Prediction, Indonesia, Marine Plastic Waste, Presidential Regulation. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Edwin Apriyanta Winardi)

56	Ocean Remote Sensing and Marine Technology	ABS-1
True Wind Direction and Speed Measurements System on the Ship with 433 MHz Radio Telemetry Aprilia Erlita Lisnawati (a*), Nanda Winata (a), Satria Raya Putra (a), Tegar Allfi Ariyandy (a), Agus Tri Susanto (a) a) Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Jl. Angkasa I, No.2 Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia *aprilia.lisnawati[at]bmkg.go.id Abstract The wind is a collection of air masses that traverses the air pressure disparity. The true wind is an actual wind speed and direction that did not affected by the ship^s speed and direction. It is an essential thing for the safety of marine transportation. The research aims to establish the effectiveness of the true wind direction and speed measurements system. The system will make the ship captain easier for monitoring the true wind data without having to analyze the apparent wind data. This system uses two primary sensors, such as GPS and an anemometer. The GPS Ublox Neo M8N generates the ship^s speed and the coordinate data in latitude and longitude, while the anemometer delivers the signal as the apparent wind data. All data will be automatically measured using an algorithm to obtain the true wind data. This measurement will be processed by the Arduino mega 2560 as a microcontroller that additionally also needs an RTC to generate the time data. The output data, such as time, coordinates, and true wind speed and direction, are recorded on the SD card and displayed on LCD. In addition, the true wind data is also sent from transmitter to receiver through a 433 MHz 3DR telemetry communication and displayed on the user interface as real-time data. The conclusion is that system is truly efficient and effective for knowing the real-time true wind data, and the communication distance can achieve roughly 87.02 meters. Keywords: True wind- Apparent wind- Speed- Direction- Anemometer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aprilia Erlita Lisnawati)

57	Ocean Remote Sensing and Marine Technology	ABS-9
Primary Productivity Variation in Banten Bay and Java Sea and Its Relationship With Fish Catches Muhammad Ikhwan Fadillah Giantara* Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha No.10, Bandung, 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia *ikhwanfadillah098[at]gmail.com Abstract Ecosystems carry out internal activities, one of which is by carrying out production which is the process of inputting and storing energy from sunlight as a primary energy source called primary productivity. The development of wider coastal areas is a major factor in the importance of assessing the quality of water fertility as a measure of ecosystem change. The purpose of this study is to obtain primary productivity data in Banten Bay and the Java Sea seasonally from MODIS Fluorescence satellite images from 2005 to 2020 and processed using the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM). The NPP results obtained in Banten Bay in the West Season 148.23 mgC.m^-3.d^-1- Transitional Season I 148.06 mgC.m^-3.d^-1. East Season with 154.05 mgC.m^-3.d^-1- Transitional Season II 170.10 mgC.m^-3.d^-1 while in the Java Sea in the West Season 100.05 mgC.m^-3.d^-1- Transitional Season I 82.20 mgC.m^-3.d^-1- East Season 110.84 mgC.m^-3.d^-1- Transitional Season II 95.97 mgC.m^-3.d^-1 which decreased in value by 0,04 mgC.m^-3 per year in both regions. Water fertility in Banten Bay and the Java Sea is higher in the nearshore area than the open sea which is influenced by chlorophyll-a, PAR, day length, temperature, maximum carbon fixation, euphotic zone depth, and area. Trophic status in each season in Banten Bay is included in the Oligotrophic class while in the Java Sea it is included in the Oligotrophic and Mesotrophic classes. NPP has a positive correlation with the total catch of small pelagic fish species of 0,654 (average). Keywords: Primary Productivity- Banten Bay- Java Sea- VGPM- Fishes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Ikhwan Fadillah Giantara)

58	Ocean Remote Sensing and Marine Technology	ABS-11
The added value of Himawari-8 satellite radiance data assimilation for very heavy rainfall prediction in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (Case study: East Kalimantan) Huda Abshor Mukhsinin (a*), Nurjanna Joko Trilaksono (a), I Wayan Gita Giriharta (a), Juni Tika Simanjuntak (a) a) Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *huda.mukhsinin[at]bmkg.go.id Abstract This study evaluates the impact of assimilating Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) radiance data on the 8-10 water vapor channel using the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) technique for the very heavy rainfall events in East Kalimantan on June 2-4, 2019. We utilized the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and WRF Data Assimilation (WRFDA) system to run assimilation and prediction model simulations. To compare the assimilated model with AHI data and without assimilation, we devised two experimental schemes: 3DVAR and NODA. We assessed the enhancement in model prediction by comparing simulation results based on convection evolution, vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (VIMFC) increment, and rain prediction skill metrics, including Threat Score (TS), Equitable Threat Score (ETS), and Fractions Skill Score (FSS). Our findings suggest that the incorporation of AHI data results in a substantial improvement of the WRF model^s prediction of the very heavy rainfall events in East Kalimantan. Keywords: Radiance Satellite- Data Assimilation- AHI- 3DVAR- 3DEnVar- WRFDA Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Huda Abshor Mukhsinin)

59	Ocean Remote Sensing and Marine Technology	ABS-18
ESTIMATION OF FISH CATCHES USING MACHINE LEARNING METHOD (CASE STUDY: PPN TANJUNG PANDAN, BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS) Destika Agustina Widiawan & Susanna Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Fish catches are very important data for monitoring Indonesian marine products. Technological developments related to current data can be used to predict fish catches using Machine Learning methods. Fishing results at PPN Tanjung Pandan Port are influenced by social factors and oceanographic factors. Data on excessive fish and several social factors such as the use of oil, kerosene, diesel, and fishing logistics from the PPN Tanjung Pandan Port Annual Report are combined with remote sensing data for oceanographic factors such as SST, chlorophyll-a, salinity, wind and currents from 2008-2017 used as data to predict fishing with the Random Forest and XGBoost methods. The correlation between oceanographic parameters of salinity and fish catches is the highest at 0.35 compared to other oceanographic parameters. The social correlation faktor for the highest fish catches was ship visits at 0.34- oil(liter) at 0.29- and sugar at 0.22. The prediction results for fighting fish in PPN Tanjung Pandan for the XGBoost method were better than the Random Forest prediction for all the best fish models, XGBoost with 3-year data with an accuracy of 0.86- the best model for prediction of Trevallies fish is XGBoost with 5 years of data with an accuracy of 0.55- and the prediction of the best Short bodied mackerel model is XGBoost with 10 years of data with an accuracy of 0.40. Keywords: Fish catches, PPN Tanjung Pandan, Machine Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Destika Agustina Widiawan)

60	Ocean Remote Sensing and Marine Technology	ABS-33
Evaluation Of Sea Surface Temperature From In Situ Measurements Compared To Satellite Observations And Model Output In Panjang Island, Banten Zulfikar Kartadimaja(1*), Rima Rachmayani(1), Sri Yudawati Cahyarini(2) 1)Program Study of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia 2)Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment Research Group, Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Surface sea temperature (SST) is a crucial parameter in climate change studies and is obtained from various sources, including in-situ measurements, satellite observations, reanalysis, and models. However, due to the limited availability of in-situ data, researchers often rely on satellite observations, models, or reanalysis, all of which are susceptible to errors. This study aims to improve the accuracy of SST data from satellite observations and models by evaluating and refining the data through comparison with in-situ SST data using timeseries analysis. The focus of the research is Pulau Panjang, Banten, and the data collection period spans from April 15, 2022, to February 7, 2023. The data was gathered from satellites (OISST V2.1), models (Hycom GOFS V3.0-3.1), and in-situ (loggers HOBO U-24 and TidBit V2.1). The results show that satellite-derived SST values perform better than the model. Correlation coefficients between satellite and in-situ SST data (r = 0,853- n = 299- p-value < 0,001) surpass those between model and in-situ SST data (r = 0,685- n = 299- p-value < 0,001). Additionally, satellite observations exhibit lower errors ({\bar{x}}_{bias} = 0,445{^\circ}C- \sigma_{bias} = 0,304{^\circ}C- RMSE = 0,538{^\circ}C) compared to the model ({\bar{x}}_{bias} = 0,472{^\circ}C- \sigma_{bias} = 0,32{^\circ}C- RMSE = 0,57{^\circ}C). The variance tests show no significant difference for satellite (p-value = 0,785) and model (p-value = 0,346) data against in-situ data, while the mean tests reveal disparities (p-value < 0,001). The calibration process reduces error values for both satellite ({\bar{x}}_{bias} = 0,276{^\circ}C- \sigma_{bias} = 0,225{^\circ}C- RMSE = 0,356{^\circ}C) and model data ({\bar{x}}_{bias} = 0,398{^\circ}C- \sigma_{bias} = 0,298{^\circ}C- RMSE = 0,397{^\circ}C), but the correlation coefficients remain stable at 0,853 (satellite) and 0,685 (model). In conclusion, satellite observations providing a more precise picture of the SST conditions on Panjang Island, Banten and the calibration process can improve the quality of satellite data and models. Keywords: Sea surface temperature- Evaluation- Satellite- Model- Pulau Panjang, Banten Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zulfikar Kartadimaja)

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