Gendered Toxicity, Social Capital, and the Unequal Amplification of Digital Power in Indonesian Platform Discourse Annisa Romadloni(1*), Laura Sari(2), Linda Perdana Wanti(3), Abdul Karim (4), Listya Arum Ridhawati(5))
(1*,2,3) Computer and Business Department, Politeknik Negeri Cilacap, Cilacap, Indonesia
annisa.romadloni[at]pnc.ac.id
(4) Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
(5) English Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract
This study positions gender studies as the primary analytical lens for examining digital power, social capital, and inclusive resilience in Indonesian platform discourse. Rather than treating gender as a secondary demographic variable, the study approaches gender as a discursive and infrastructural relation through which visibility, harm, credibility, and collective endurance are organised. A multi-arena corpus of 2,200 Indonesian-language Twitter and Instagram texts was analysed across political, cultural, infrastructural, and interpersonal contexts. The analysis combined human-labelled sentiment, lexicon-based coding of gendered discourse, an abusive-language toxicity layer, and inequality measures of amplification. The data show that digital power is highly concentrated in the subset for which retweet data are available, with an overall amplification Gini coefficient of 0.67 and a far higher Gini of 0.88 among negative messages. Discursive effort, measured through message length, was almost entirely decoupled from reach (r = 0.03). Most importantly for gender studies, feminine-coded discourse carried a substantially heavier toxicity burden: 24.0 per cent of feminine-coded texts contained abusive terms, compared with 5.7 per cent of masculine-coded texts and 7.2 per cent of unmarked texts - roughly a 4.2-fold gap over masculine-coded speech. These findings suggest that platform publics reproduce gendered asymmetries not only through unequal access to voice, but also through unequal exposure to disciplining, sexualised, and moralising abuse. Inclusive resilience is therefore reconceptualised as a collective and gender-just condition that depends on fair amplification, protection from gendered abuse, and the capacity of women and gender-minoritised subjects to participate without disproportionate safety work.
Keywords: gender studies, technofeminism, digital power, inclusive resilience, Indonesian social media, online toxicity
Topic: Digital Power, Social Capital, and Inclusive Resilience: Interrogating Gender and Inequality in Technologically Mediated Societies (Digital Power- Social Capital- Inclusive Resilience)
