ANALISIS KESALAHAN PEMBACAAN ENERGI PADA METER kWh ELEKTRONIK 1-FASA 2-KAWAT MEREK HEFFTRON TERHADAP VARIASI FAKTOR DAYA KAPASITIF Rafi Rizky Rabbbani (a*), Ahmad Zatnika Purwalaksana (a*), Lutfi Fitria Ningsih (b*)
a) Fisika, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jalan Rawamangun Muka 1 , Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
b) Unit Pengelola Metrologi DKI Jakarta, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan 1, Jakarta 14240, Indonesia
Abstract
Accuracy in electrical energy measurement is a critical factor in ensuring efficiency in power distribution systems and fairness in billing processes. This study aims to investigate the influence of capacitive power factor variation on the energy reading error of single-phase two-wire electronic kWh meters of the Hefftron brand. Experiments were conducted using the ZERA MT551 as the power simulation source and the ZERA TPZ 308-6-2 as the energy reference standard. Leading phase angles were applied to simulate power factor conditions ranging from cos φ- = 1 to approximately 0.7. The resulting data showed a consistent trend of increasing negative deviation in energy readings as the power factor decreased. Under extreme capacitive conditions, the maximum recorded reading error reached -0.22%. These findings indicate that non-resistive, particularly capacitive, loads can significantly affect the accuracy of energy meters. The results suggest a need for further evaluation of electronic meters performance under non-ideal conditions, and for the development of more adaptive measurement systems that can accommodate modern load characteristics. This study provides technical insight that may inform future improvements in energy meter testing procedures and device design.
Keywords: Electronic kWh meter, capacitive power factor, energy reading error, phase angle, non-resistive load
