Clinical Profile and Length of Stay in Childhood Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Based on Ages Lisa Adhia Garina, Eka Nurhayati, Wida Purbaningsih, Divani Dwilaras, Rainy Nur Azizah Putri D.
Faculty of Medicine Unisba
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in children in developed countries with the incidence and morbidity rate is still high in Indonesia. Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult because symptoms vary with age and may be nonspecific in young children. Childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is mainly diagnosed clinically, but symptoms and signs vary with age and are highly variable. The aim of this study was to present clinical features and the length of stay in childhood CAP based on ages.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted 98 data childhood CAP from medical record RSUD Al-Ihsan hospital in West Java, Indonesia in 2022-2023. Diagnosis pneumonia was measures by Pediatrician based on clinical diagnosis WHO and ancillary test result. Statistical analysis was used the Kruskal-Wallis H and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data analysis was done using the SPSS v.25 program.
Results: Out of 98 childhood CAP, the majority of patients was observed in boys (56%), aged > 1 month - < 5 years (49%). In infant (< 1 year), 85% patient without tachypnoea, 59% no chest retraction, and 29% with SpO2 <= 90%. There was 69% patients aged >= 1 year - < 5 years without tachypnoea, 77% no chest retraction, and 13% patient with SpO2 <= 90%. In >= 5 years old, 50% patient without tachypnoea, 100% no chest retraction, and 100% patient with SpO2 > 90%. The average length of stay for infant is the longest compared to other age groups (4 vs. 3 vs. 2 days, p = 0.002), with clinical feature was no significance statistical difference for all age groups.
Conclusion: Pneumonia in infant had longer length of stay. The length of hospitalization of pneumonia are influenced by the immaturity of the respiratory tract, such as during infant.
