Developing a STEAM-Based Mathematics Learning Model with Digital Technology to Enhance Cognitive Flexibility and Productive Struggle in Elementary Schools Rosiana Mufliva, Sandi Budi Iriawan, Andhin Dyas Fitriani
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Abstract
This study aims to develop a STEAM-based mathematics learning model (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) assisted by digital technology to enhance cognitive flexibility and productive struggle of elementary school students. Mathematics learning that remains procedural and teacher-centered has resulted in low flexible thinking ability and cognitive perseverance when students face conceptual challenges. The study employs a Design and Development Research (DDR) approach with three phases: (1) Analysis and Exploration, (2) Design and Development, and (3) Implementation and Evaluation. Integrated technologies include GeoGebra, PhET Simulation, and Moodle Learning Management System (LMS). Analysis revealed that elementary mathematics learning is still dominated by procedural approaches with minimal cross-disciplinary exploration. The design and development phase produced the FlexiSTEAM Math Technology model prototype, comprising teacher guides, open-task-based digital student worksheets, GeoGebra and PhET interactive modules, and the Moodle LMS platform. Expert validation from mathematics learning experts, STEAM Education experts, and educational technology experts yielded an average score of 87.4% (highly valid category). This research contributes to SDG 4 (Quality Education) and the strengthening of technology-based pedagogical innovation for 21st-century elementary education.
Keywords: mathematics learning model- digital technology- cognitive flexibility- productive struggle- elementary school
