EVALUATING LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN BLENDED LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS Eny Cahyaningsih1, Aip Badrujaman2, Komarudin3
1Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta, Indonesia
2Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta, Indonesia
3Universitas Negeri Jakarta Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta, Indonesia
email: cahyaningsiheny[at]gmail.com
Abstract
Leadership development programs (LDPs) have become a critical strategy for enhancing organizational performance in public sector organizations and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). However, the evaluation of these programs remains inconsistent and fragmented, particularly in technology-enhanced and blended learning environments. This study aims to examine evaluation frameworks, effectiveness indicators, and contextual factors influencing LDP outcomes.
A systematic review following PRISMA 2020 was conducted in the Scopus database (2015-2025), yielding 29 eligible studies. The findings show that the Kirkpatrick model is the most widely used evaluation framework, with evaluation practices largely focused on reaction and learning, while behavioral and organizational outcomes are less frequently assessed. Key contextual factors influencing effectiveness include supervisor support, pre-training motivation, and organizational culture.
The study highlights the growing role of digital and blended learning in leadership development, while revealing gaps in evaluating long-term impact within these environments. Based on the synthesis, this study proposes an integrated evaluation model that connects evaluation levels, contextual factors, and technology-enhanced learning processes. The findings underscore the need for more comprehensive, context-sensitive, and impact-oriented evaluation frameworks to support evidence-based leadership development in SOEs and similar organizational settings.
Keywords: leadership development evaluation- public sector- state-owned enterprises- training effectiveness- Kirkpatrick model- evaluation policy
