Climate Literacy Profiles of Indonesian Secondary Students: Investigation of Knowledge, Attitudes, Efficacy, and Pedagogical Implications for SDG 4.7 and 13.3
Syafira Defni (1*), Rini Solihat (2), Ari Widodo (3),and Ikmanisa Khairati (4)

1,2,3 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
4 Universitas Negeri Padang

Abstract

Climate change education is essential for fostering sustainability literacy- however, students^ perceived competence does not always align with their actual understanding. This study investigates the discrepancy between students^ self-efficacy, attitudes, and conceptual knowledge in climate change education using a convergent mixed-methods design.

Data were collected from 66 secondary school students through an online survey consisting of Likert-scale instruments and a knowledge test, complemented by open-ended responses analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative results indicate that students demonstrate high self-efficacy despite relatively low attitudes and only moderate levels of knowledge.

Qualitative findings reveal deeper issues, including surface-level understanding, widespread conceptual misconceptions (e.g., literal interpretation of the greenhouse effect and confusion with ozone depletion), and domain confusion across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Furthermore, students frequently reproduced standardized responses, suggesting reliance on memorization rather than conceptual reasoning. Evidence of academic disengagement and limited ability to translate knowledge into practical action further highlight the gap between knowing and doing.

The integration of findings exposes a critical phenomenon described as the ^illusion of climate competence,^ where students perceive themselves as capable despite lacking robust conceptual understanding and actionable knowledge. These findings underscore the need for technology-enhanced pedagogical innovations that promote deep learning, critical thinking, and authentic engagement in sustainability education.

Keywords: limate literacy, self-efficacy, attitude-knowledge gap, SDG 4, SDG 13

Topic: STEM Education