Optimization of Formulation and Characterization of Cassia Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) Essential Oil Submicroencapsulation to Enhance Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Sri Retno Dwi Ariani1*, Ani Dwi Ratnasari1, Nadia Indri Safitri1, Endang Susilowati1, Muhammad Hizbul Wathon1, dan Ifah Munifah2
1Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia
2Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java 16911, Indonesia
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical components of cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) essential oil, determine the best formulation of cassia cinnamon essential oil submicroencapsulation based on antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and characterize the best cassia cinnamon essential oil submicroencapsulation. The research methods included the extraction of cassia cinnamon essential oil using the steam-water distillation method, identification of chemical components using GC-MS, preparation of cassia cinnamon essential oil submicroencapsulation with variations in essential oil concentration using the emulsification method combined with freeze-drying, determination of the best cassia cinnamon essential oil submicroencapsulation based on antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and characterization of the best cassia cinnamon essential oil submicroencapsulation. Based on the research results, cassia cinnamon essential oil was found to contain nine compounds, with cinnamaldehyde (94.69%) as the main component. The best submicroencapsulation of cassia cinnamon essential oil was obtained at an essential oil concentration of 15%, with IC50 values of 22.81 ppm for DPPH, 17.36 ppm for ABTS, and 13.14 ppm for FRAP, and inhibition zones of 18.45 mm against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and 25.56 mm against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with characterization results showing an encapsulation efficiency of 84%, a particle size of 846.2 nm (submicro category), compact and stable particle morphology based on SEM, and encapsulated active functional groups confirmed through FTIR.
