Green and Efficient Synthesis of Risperidone: From Conventional Reflux to Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Microwave-Assisted Approach
Untung Hartono*, Deana Wahyuningrum

Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
untunghartono177[at]gmail.com

Abstract

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and certain behavioral disorders, thus playing a crucial role in modern clinical practice. The increasing demand for this compound necessitates the development of more efficient, rapid, and environmentally friendly synthetic methods. In this study, a comparative evaluation was conducted between conventional reflux and Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS), followed by further development using an ionic liquid-enhanced MAOS system as a reaction intensification approach. The reaction system employed an aqueous carbonate base (Na2CO3, 3.2 M). The results demonstrate that MAOS significantly improves reaction efficiency compared to the conventional reflux method, while the incorporation of ionic liquid into the MAOS system further enhances reaction performance, as evidenced by reduced reaction time and the potential for improved product yield. The synthesized product was characterized using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), melting point determination, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to confirm its purity and structural integrity. This approach not only enhances synthetic efficiency but also minimizes the use of additional organic solvents, aligning with green chemistry principles and offering strong potential for further development in large-scale pharmaceutical synthesis

Keywords: Risperidone- Microwave-assisted organic synthesis- Ionic liquid- Conventional reflux- Reaction intensification- Green chemistry

Topic: Organics Chemistry