The profile of FAME synthesized through transesterification of algal oil by lipase from Streptomyces atrovirens TTO26
Yati Sudaryati Soeka, Tri Ratna Sulistiyani, Suciatmih, Novik Nurhidayat, Evi Triana, Titin Yulinery, Siti Mariam, Joko Sulistyo

Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (NRIA), Indonesia

Abstract

Microalgal oil is regarded as a promising lipid source and is widely recognized for biodiesel production. These lipids are generally extracted using chemical solvents. Nevertheless, the application of such solvents involves considerable safety concerns. The precautions are essential to minimize potential hazards associated with such processes. There is an urgent need to develop extraction strategies that are safe, economically feasible, robust, efficient, selective, environment friendly, suitable for large-scale implementation, and preventing product contamination. Enzymatic approaches not only addressed these challenges but also provide the additional benefit of high lipid recovery and minimal degradation of target compounds, attributable to their high catalytic specificity. This study was conducted to determine the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile generated through the transesterification of fatty acids isolated from Spirulina fusiformis using a lipase enzyme from Streptomyces atrovirens TTO26. The findings demonstrated that chemical esterification employing BF&#8323- hydrolysed the algal oil into C8 (caprylic acid) at 4.8%, C10 (capric acid) at 5.15%, C12:0 (lauric acid) at 46.94%, C14 (myristic acid) at 21.40%, C18 (stearic acid) at 10.26%, and C22:1 (erucic acid) at 12.07%. Enzymatic transesterification using an immobilized enzyme produced FAME comprising C8 (6.32%), C10 (6.80%), C12:0 (0.03%), C12:1 (39.71%), C14 (0.03%), C16 (20.97%), C18 (11.74%), and C22:1 (14.39%). Meanwhile, the precipitated enzyme yielded C8 (0.70%), C10 (0.66%), C12:0 (0.002%), C12:1 (3.89%), C14 (0.003%), C16 (2.07%), C18 (1.20%), and C22:1 (1.48%). Overall, enzymatic transesterification using immobilized and precipitated enzymes derived from S. atrovirens TTO26 resulted in the production of lauroleic acid (C12:1) at 39.71% and 3.89%, and palmitic acid (C16) at 20.97% and 2.07%, respectively. These FAME components were not detected when chemical esterification with BF&#8323- was applied. Conversely, chemical catalysis led to substantially higher levels of lauric acid (C12:0) and myristic acid (C14), reaching 46.94% and 21.40%, respectively, compared with the enzymatic transesterification process

Keywords: algal oil, FAME, lipase, transesterification, Streptomyces atrovirens

Topic: Biochemistry