Physicochemical Characterization of CaO Derived from Pearl Oyster Shells (Pinctada maxima) via Thermal Processing for Potential Biomedical Applications
Maz Isa Ansyori(a), Susi Rahayu(b,c*), M. Mukaddam Alaydrus(a), Nadia Rara Rukyana(b), Dyah Purnaning (a), Nonik Septiani(b), Dian W. Kurniawidi(b), Masruroh(c)

a) Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mataram, Indonesia
b) Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Mataram, Indonesia
c)Physics Department, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
*susirahayu[at]unram.ac.id

Abstract

The thermal transformation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) into calcium oxide (CaO) from marine biogenic materials such as Pinctada maxima shells presents strong potential for biomedical material development. This study investigates the physicochemical properties of shell powder calcined at temperatures ranging from 700C to 1100C for 6 hours. Characterization was conducted using organoleptic tests, EDX, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Organoleptic evaluation confirmed the powder to be odorless, white, and fine in texture. EDX analysis showed a marked increase in CaO content, peaking at 99.68% at 1100C, indicating successful thermal decomposition of CaCO3. FTIR results showed the disappearance of carbonate (CO32-) and C-H bands and the emergence of O-H and Ca-O bands, confirming the formation of CaO. XRD analysis revealed a phase transition from aragonite and calcite (orthorhombic) to CaO (cubic), along with a decrease in crystallinity from 56.95% to 48.32%. SEM analysis indicated irregular particle morphology with the largest average size (2638.77 nm) at 1100C. These transformations in structure and composition demonstrate the relevance of biophysical material, particularly its potential in bone regeneration applications. This study provides fundamental insights into the conversion of marine shell waste into bioactive material for future biomedical use.

Keywords: Biomaterials, Calcination, Calcium Oxide, Pinctada maxima, Physicochemical Properties,

Topic: Material Physics