Multi-Satellite Detection and Analysis of the 2024 Mt. Lewotobi Eruption using Himawari-9 and Sentinel-5P Mukhamad Adib Azka (a*), Rif^at Darajat (a), Alpon Sepriando (a)
a) Satellite Imagery Team, Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency, Indonesia
*mukhamad.azka[at]bmkg.go.id
Abstract
Satellite remote sensing provides the observation of all changes on the Earth^s surface, including monitoring volcanic activities, especially for remote regions. Monitoring methods mostly rely on a single satellite independently for analyzing, but nowadays, volcanic hazard mitigation needs to enhance the models to improve the affected areas of eruption accurately. This study investigates the 2024 eruption of Mt. Lewotobi in East Flores, Indonesia, by comparing volcanic ash and gas dispersion products derived from Himawari-9 and Sentinel-5P satellites. Himawari-9^s multispectral observations are used to detect thermal anomalies and ash clouds through a three-band RGB composite method, utilizing selected infrared channels. In contrast, Sentinel-5P data, obtained from the TROPOMI instrument, provide measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO₂-) and aerosol index values, which are used to track gas dispersion in the upper troposphere. Several eruptive events are analyzed to assess the spatial and temporal differences in ash and SO₂- plume detection between the two platforms. These combined techniques demonstrate the capability for swift volcanic ash dispersion recognition, thereby providing valuable support for decision-making in national disaster management
