An improved LOD3 through photogrammetry for generating digital twins Saruul Altankhuyag1, Bilguuntugs Tovuusuren1, Bolorchuluun Chogsom2
1 Monmap LLC, Mongolia
2Department of Geography, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia
Abstract
Digital twin technology creates an integrated spatial system in a virtual environment that represents real-world objects and systems, ensuring their interconnection through the use of geographic information systems (GIS). This system connects to real-time data derived from generated datasets, enabling monitoring, analysis, and improved decision-making. This study aims to explore the potential for generating base data for a Level of Detail 3 (LOD3) digital twin model using stereophotogrammetry and GIS, with a pilot implementation in the 100 Ail area of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. This area was selected because it contains a diverse mix of ger districts, built-up zones, bridge structures, rivers, and green spaces. As base data, aerial imagery captured in 2023 by MonMap LLC^s WingtraOne GEN II unmanned aerial vehicle was used. The aerial photographs were processed using stereophotogrammetric methods to create a 3D spatial model. Orthophotos, a digital surface model (DSM), and a digital terrain model (DTM) were produced, with the aim of developing both schematic and high-precision 3D models of buildings and structures. As a result of the study, an LOD3 3D model was created. Spatial elements such as buildings, roads, and green areas were represented in 2D form, while the models accurately reflected roof shapes, facade structures, and heights. This enhances the potential applications of digital twin systems in urban planning, building monitoring, and smart city analytics, among other fields.
Keywords: Digital Twin, LOD3, Stereophotogrammetry, GIS, Spatial Base Data Model
