Spatiotemporal Analysis of Shoreline Dynamics in Makassar, Indonesia (1970-2025) Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery and Historical Map Safri Burhanuddina) b), Hansan Park b), Ilham Alimuddin a), Achil Samad c), Yazid Ridla b), ⁠-Indrawan Fadhil Pratyaksa b), Iqbal Maulana Cipta b), Dhiya Ulhaq Fathiyah b), Sandiaga Swahyu Kusuma b), Bau Ashary Nasir d)
a) TG-FE Unhas, b) MTCRC, c), FIKP Unhas, d), KIOST
Abstract
Coastal zones are highly dynamic environments shaped by both natural processes and significant anthropogenic influences. In rapidly urbanizing areas like Makassar, Indonesia, monitoring shoreline changes is critical for sustainable coastal management. This study aims to provide a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of Makassar shoreline dynamics by integrating historical map data (1841,1861,1852,1897 and 1901) with a multi-temporal analysis of satellite imagery from 1970 to 2025. We utilized a time-series of Landsat imagery (Landsat 1-8) to extract annual shoreline positions. The methodology involved cloud-filtered pre-processing, calculation of water indices (NDWI, MNDWI), waterline extraction using Canny edge detection, and morphological processing to generate accurate shoreline vectors. The results reveal that Makassar^s shoreline is exceptionally dynamic, characterized primarily by massive land reclamation activities. Significant change is observed at the Makassar New Container Port and the Citra land reclamation area. Analysis indicates erosion occurring in North of the Jeneberang River estuary, posing a threat to the Tanjung Layar Putih Beach. This research quantifies five decades of natural and anthropogenically-driven coastal transformation in Makassar. These findings provide critical, evidence-based data to support sustainable coastal planning and management strategies, highlighting the profound impact of urban development on the coastal landscape.
