Spatial Assessment of Superblock and Miniblock Implementation Potential in Ulaanbaatar Using GIS and Open Geospatial Data
Azzaya Byambajav, Enkhjargal Natsagdorj, Sainnbuyan Bayarsaikhan

School of Natural Sciences, School of Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and car-dependent growth in Ulaanbaatar have intensified traffic congestion, reduced pedestrian accessibility, and diminished public green spaces. Expanding road networks alone cannot sustainably address these challenges. Globally, human-centered urban design models such as superblocks and miniblocks have proven effective in reorganizing street networks, restricting through-traffic, and creating multifunctional public spaces. This study aims to assess the spatial feasibility of implementing the superblock model in Ulaanbaatar to enhance mobility, environmental quality, and public space accessibility. Building on the methodology by Eggimann (2022), we integrated OpenStreetMap road and building footprints, khoroo-level population data, land ownership structure, and green space information into ArcGIS Pro for analysis. The methodology applied four core criteria: geometric parameters (area and perimeter), building coverage ratio, weighted population allocation, and population density. The results identified 37 spatially suitable miniblocks characterized by high residential density, compact built form, and strategic opportunities for increased pedestrianization and green infrastructure. Implementing superblocks in these areas could reduce internal vehicle dominance, improve walkability, and expand multifunctional open spaces. This GIS-based framework provides a transferable approach for identifying superblock opportunities in other Asian cities with similar urban challenges.

Keywords: superblock, miniblock, GIS, urban planning, building coverage, population density, green space, Ulaanbaatar

Topic: Topic E: Sustainable Development Goals