Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Three Species from Kaempferia Rhizomes Essential Oils and Hedonic Test as Aromatherapy Air Freshener
Sri Retno Dwi Ariani,1,a Egies Pristia Monica Sari,1 Ema Tri Puspitasari,1

1 Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret,
Jl. Insinyur Sutami No.36 A Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, 57126

Abstract

Abstract. Sand ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.), finger root (Kaempferia pandurata Roxb.), and round-rooted galangal (Kaempferia rotunda L.) are included in the empon-empon genus Kaempferia. The purposes of this study were to isolate, identify the chemical components, to determine the antioxidant (IC50) and antibacterial activities of sand ginger, finger root, and round-rooted galangal rhizomes essential oils and its hedonic test as aromatherapy air freshener. Based on the research, the essential oils content of sand ginger (0.83%), finger root (0.80%), and round-rooted galangal (0.75%) rhizomes were obtained. All chemical components contained in the essential oils of sand ginger (10 compounds), finger root (15 compounds), and round-rooted galangal (6 compounds) rhizomes had been identified. The compound with the highest area in sand ginger, finger root, and round-rooted galangal rhizomes respectively cetane (35.17%), trans-beta-ocimene (14.58%), and benzyl benzoate (67.52%). The results of the antioxidant activity test (IC50) of essential oils of sand ginger, finger root, and round-rooted galangal rhizomes respectively were (36.09 ppm=very strong), (50.12 ppm=very strong), and (51.69 ppm=strong). The essential oils of sand ginger and finger root rhizomes had antibacterial activities of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with the diameter of the inhibition zone at 100% concentration respectively were 8.47 mm (medium) and 16.97 mm (strong). Only the essential oil of finger root rhizome had antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with an inhibition zone at 100% concentration of 11.85 mm (strong). Based on the results of the hedonic test as aromatherapy air freshener from 30 panelists, the average value of fragrance, freshness, making comfortable, and elegance impression aspects of the essential oils of sand ginger, finger root, and round-rooted galangal rhizomes respectively were (4.00=like), (3.00=enough), and (1.75=dislike).

Keywords: Kaempferia, antioxidant, antibacterial, hedonic test

Topic: Organic Chemistry